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EC number: 279-914-9 | CAS number: 82199-12-0
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
![](https://chesar.echa.europa.eu/o/diss-blank-theme/images/factsheets/A-REACH/factsheet/print_ecotoxicological-information.png)
Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2011-11-14 to 2011-12-09
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Study performed according to relevant guidelines and compliant to GLP
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 211 (Daphnia magna Reproduction Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Remarks:
- according to German Chemikaliengesetzt and directive 88/320/EEC
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- - Concentrations: Saturated solution with a nominal loading of 1 mg/L as limit concentration.
- Sampling method: Analytical evaluation of the saturated solution of the test item and the control was carried out by HPLC-DAD in the fresh media (0 h) and old media (24 h every 7 days. For the old media, separate replicates without test organisms were prepared and incubated under test conditions. The nominal test item concentration was used for estimation of the endpoints.
- Sample storage conditions before analysis: All samples were stored at 6 ± 2 C° until sample preparation, if necessary. - Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
- Method: Stock solutions of 1 mg/L were prepared with dilution water two days prior to application / water renewal. The stock solution was stirred with approx. 1100 rpm for 48 h at room temperature. Undissolved particles were removed by membrane filtration.
- Eluate: Dilution water
- Differential loading: None, limit test
- Controls: 10 replicates of dilution water without test item. - Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Daphnia magna STRAUS
- Strain/clone: Clone 5
- Justification for species other than prescribed by test guideline: Daphnia magna STRAUS is recommended in the guideline
- Source: Own breeding (Origin: Institut fuer Wasser- Boden- und Lufthygiene)
- Age of parental stock (mean and range, SD): > 14 days
- Feeding during test
- Food type: Mix of Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata and Desmodesmus subspicatus
- Amount: 0.2 mg C/daphnia per day
- Frequency: daily
ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: 2 h in dilution water
- Acclimation conditions (same as test or not): Same as test
- Type and amount of food: During acclimation the daphnids were not fed
- Feeding frequency: None
- Health during acclimation (any mortality observed): Healthy
METHOD FOR PREPARATION AND COLLECTION OF EARLY INSTARS OR OTHER LIFE STAGES: The parent animals were removed from the culture medium and the juveniles collected over a sieve and flushed into fresh medium - Test type:
- semi-static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- yes
- Total exposure duration:
- 21 d
- Post exposure observation period:
- Not observed
- Hardness:
- Nominal
Test Item
Concentration
[mg/L] I F I F I F
Day 0 Day 1 Day 7 Day 8 Day 14 Day 15
2011-11-16 2011-11-17 2011-11-23 2011-11-24 2011-11-30 2011-12-01
1.00
(Saturated solution) 173 164 160 166 176 164
Control 176 162 176 169 176 164 - Test temperature:
- Nominal
Test Item
Concentration
[mg/L] I F I F I F
Day 0 Day 1 Day 7 Day 8 Day 14 Day 15
2011-11-16 2011-11-17 2011-11-23 2011-11-24 2011-11-30 2011-12-01
1.00
(Saturated solution) 21.6 20.7 21.3 21.6 20.6 21.3
Control 20.1 20.6 20.3 21.5 20.8 21.1 - pH:
- Nominal
Test Item
Concentration
[mg/L] I F I F I F
Day 0 Day 1 Day 7 Day 8 Day 14 Day 15
2011-11-16 2011-11-17 2011-11-23 2011-11-24 2011-11-30 2011-12-01
1.00
(Saturated solution) 8.15 7.94 7.65 7.54 7.86 7.42
Control 7.92 7.80 7.79 7.49 7.95 7.46 - Dissolved oxygen:
- Nominal
Test Item
Concentration
[mg/L] I F I F I F
Day 0 Day 1 Day 7 Day 8 Day 14 Day 15
2011-11-16 2011-11-17 2011-11-23 2011-11-24 2011-11-30 2011-12-01
1.00
(Saturated solution) 6.78 8.90 6.58 8.44 6.18 7.55
Control 8.84 8.53 8.76 7.49 8.85 7.34 - Salinity:
- Not measured, freshwater
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Please refer to "Any other information on materials and methods incl. tables"
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel:
- Type (delete if not applicable): closed with parafilm
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: 100 mL glass beaker, filled with 50 mL test solution
- Aeration: No
- Renewal rate of test solution (frequency): daily
- No. of organisms per vessel: 1
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 10
- No. of vessels per control and pH-control (replicates): 10
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: Elendt M4, according to ELENDT (1990), modified to a total hardness of > 140 mg CaCO3/L.
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: No
- Photoperiod: 16 h light : 8 h dark per day
- Light intensity: Max. 20 µE*m-2*s-1
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) :
- Adult mortality: daily
- Number of juveniles: daily
- Stillborn juveniles and aborted eggs: daily
- Appearance of first brood
- Intrinsic rate of natural increase: test end
- Growth (total length and dry weight): test end
RANGE-FINDING STUDY
A preliminary test was carried out as acute immobilization test with the saturated solution with 1 mg test item/L under static conditions over a period of 48 hours. No effects (including immobilization, signs of disease or stress, e.g. discoloration or unusual behaviour) were observed on Daphnia magna after an exposure period of 48 hours.
Immobilization Rates in the Preliminary Test
(n = 20, divided into 2 replicates with 10 daphnids each)
Nominal
Test Item Concentration
[mg] IMMOBILIZATION [%]
24 hours 48 hours
Replicates Replicates
1 2 MV 1 2 MV
1.00
(Saturated solution) 0 0 0 0 0 0
Control 0 0 0 0 0 0 - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- Potassium dichromate
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 1 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Remarks:
- and mortality
- Remarks on result:
- other: Due to the very poor solubility of the test item, quantitative analytical determination was precluded (below LOQ)
- Details on results:
- - Mortality of parent animals:
No adult mortality or immobilization of parental daphnids was observed in the control and the saturated solution with 1.00 mg test item/L
- No. of offspring produced per day per female:
In the control and the saturated test item test solution (limit concentration), five broods were released during the test period by all daphnids, respectively. The first brood was released on days 8 and 9 by all parental daphnids in the control and test groups. The mean number of alive offspring produced per parent daphnid surviving the test was 126 in the control and 121 in the saturated test item solution with 1.00 mg test item/L after 21 days, respectively. The reproductive output of daphnids in the saturated test item solution (limit concentration) was comparable to the output of daphnids in the control (t-test, p = 0.05).
- Body length and weight of parental animals:
Please refer to the respective table
- Type and number of morphological / behavioural abnormalities:
No stillborn juveniles and aborted eggs were observed in the control and the saturated solution with 1.00 mg test item/L during the exposure period of 21 days. No ephippia were observed in any group during the test.
- Time to first brood release or time to hatch:
The first brood was released from all parent daphnids in all treatments by day 9. - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- - Results with reference substance valid? yes
- Relevant effect levels: EC50 (24 h) = 1.60 (CI 1.41 - 1.82) mg/L - Reported statistics and error estimates:
- The NOEC and LOEC for reproduction as measured by the intrinsic rate of natural increase and total living neonates per surviving female as well as adult survival was derived directly from the test data.
Significant deviations were determined in comparison to the control using statistical standard procedures as Normality Test, Equal Variance Test and t-test.
Prior to running an analysis of variance test, a normality test and an equal variance test were performed. P-values of the normality and equal variance tests were 0.05. The a-value (acceptable probability of incorrectly concluding that there is a difference) was a=0.05.
For the determination of significant deviations of the reproduction rates, the intrinsic rates of natural increase and the total body lengths t-test (p = 0.05) was used.
The coefficients of variation of alive offspring produced per parent were calculated for the control and the saturated test item solution.
The EC50-value was calculated for the reference dose-response test by sigmoidal dose-response regression. The confidence interval for the EC50-value was calculated from the best-fit dose-response curve, standard error and t-distribution using the software GraphPad prism. - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- At the saturated test item solution with 1.00 mg test item/L no biologically or statistically significant effects were determined. The No Observed Effect Concentration (NOEC) and the Lowest Observed Effect Concentration (LOEC) were as follows:
NOEC : 1.00 mg/L
LOEC : > 1.00 mg/L
All provided effect values are based on the nominal concentration of the test item. - Executive summary:
The Daphnia magna Reproduction Test (Semi-Static, 21 d) of the test item was conducted as a limit test with the saturated solution* with 1.00 mg/L test item according to OECD 211 (2008).
The selected test organism was Daphnia magna STRAUS (Clone 5). Ten daphnids individually held were used for the saturated test item solution* and the control, respectively. At test start the daphnids were 2 to 24 h old. The test method was semi-static with a daily renewal of the test solutions. The aim of the Daphnia Reproduction Test over 21 days was to assess effects on the reproduction capacity and other test item-related effects, including occurrence of aborted eggs and stillborn juveniles, time of production of first brood, adult mortality, intrinsic rate of natural increase, dry body weight and length of the parent daphnids.
The tested saturated solution* of the test item and the control were analytically verified by HPLC-DAD of samples on days 0, 7, 14 (fresh media, 0 hours) and on days 1, 8, 15 (old media, 24 hours).The measured concentrations of the test item were below the limit of quantification of the analytical method (LOQM) in samples of the fresh (0 hours) and the old media (24 hours) of the saturated solution and the control. The results given are based on the nominal concentration of 1.00 mg/L of the test item.
· The average values of juveniles per parental daphnid were 126 for the control and 121 for the saturated test item solution* with 1.00 mg test item/L after 21 days. The reproductive output of daphnids in the saturated test item solution* (limit concentration) was comparable to the output of daphnids in the control (t-test, p = 0.05).
· The coefficient of variation of the number of living offspring produced per parent was 9 % for the control and 8 % for the saturated test item solution*.
· The intrinsic rates of natural increase (IR) of the surviving parent daphnids accounting for generation time and number of offspring were calculated as a measure for population growth and maintenance. The IR of the saturated solution* was comparable to the control group (t-test, p = 0.05).
· No adult mortality or immobilization of parental daphnids was observed in the control and the saturated solution* (Table 5).
· No dead juveniles and aborted eggs were observed in control and the saturated solution*.
*) Saturated solution: The maximum dissolved concentration of the test item that can be achieved under the test conditions in the test medium, acc. to OECD Series, No. 23 (2000)6.
· Five broods, respectively, were observed during the test period for all parental daphnids. The first brood was released from all parent daphnids in all treatments by day 9.
· The mean dry body weight and total body lengths of all parental daphnids of the test and the control group were determined at the end of the study.
The mean dry body weight of the parental daphnids was 0.93 mg per daphnid for the control and 1.03 mg per daphnid for the saturated test item solution.
The mean body length of the parental daphnids was 5.50 mm per daphnid for the control and 5.45 mm per daphnid for the saturated test item solution. The total body lengths of all daphnids in the saturated test item solution were comparable to the total body lengths in the control (t-test, p = 0.05).· No malesand ephippia (winter eggs) were observed in the respective control or test groups.
A summary of all test item related effects is given in Table 1. No biologically or statistically significant effect could be determined in the saturated test item solution with 1.00 mg/L test item when compared to the control.
Summary of all Test Item Related Effects
(Based on the nominal concentration of the test item of 1.00 mg/L)
Test item
Effects
Control
Nominal Concentration
1.00 mg/L
Significance
Mean Number of Juveniles
per Producing Parent
(Reproduction Rate ± SD)126 ± 11
121 ± 9
no1)
Coefficient of Variation of the Mean Number of Juveniles per Producing Parent
9
8
no
Intrinsic Rate of
Natural Increase (Mean ± SD)0.47 ± 0.02
0.46 ± 0.02
no1)
Appearance of First Brood (Mean Day ± SD)
8.4 ± 0.5
8.6 ± 0.5
—
Number of Broods
5
5
—
Stillborn Juveniles and Aborted Eggs
0
0
—
Adult Mortality after 21 Days [%]
0
0
no
Parent Daphnids:
Mean Dry Weight [mg]0.93
1.03
—
Parent Daphnids:
Mean Body Length [mm] ± SD5.50 ± 0.17
5.45 ± 0.23
no1)
NOEC
1.00 mg/L
- Endpoint:
- long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2011-11-14 to 2012-01-12
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Study performed according to relevant guidelines and compliant to GLP
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 211 (Daphnia magna Reproduction Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Remarks:
- according to German Chemikaliengesetzt and directive 88/320/EEC
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- - Concentrations: Analytical evaluation of the saturated solution of the test item and the control was carried out by HPLC-DAD in the fresh media (0 h) and old media (24 h) every 7 days.
- Sampling method: For the old media, separate replicates without test organisms were prepared and incubated under test conditions. The nominal test item concentration was used for estimation of the endpoints.
- Sample storage conditions before analysis: All samples were stored at 6 ± 2 °C until sample preparation, if necessary. - Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
- Method: A stock solution of 1 mg/L was prepared with dilution water 2 days prior to application/water renewal.The stock solution was stirred with approximately 1100 rpm for 48 hours at room temperature. Undissolved particles were removed by membrane filtration (membrane filter: 0.45 µm, RC, MACHEREY-NAGEL). Due to the test item properties centrifugation was not possible.
- Eluate: Dilution water
- Differential loading: None, limit test
- Controls: 10 replicates of dilution water without test item - Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Daphnia magna STRAUS
- Strain/clone: Clone 5
- Justification for species other than prescribed by test guideline: Daphnia magna STRAUS is recommended in the guideline
- Source: Own breeding (Origin: Institut fuer Wasser- Boden- und Lufthygiene)
- Age of parental stock (mean and range, SD): > 14 days
- Feeding during test
- Food type: Mix of Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata and Desmodesmus subspicatus
- Amount: 0.2 mg C/daphnia per day
- Frequency: daily
ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: 2 h in dilution water
- Acclimation conditions (same as test or not): Same as test
- Type and amount of food: During acclimation the daphnids were not fed
- Feeding frequency: None
- Health during acclimation (any mortality observed): Healthy
METHOD FOR PREPARATION AND COLLECTION OF EARLY INSTARS OR OTHER LIFE STAGES: The parent animals were removed from the culture medium and the juveniles collected over a sieve and flushed into fresh medium - Test type:
- semi-static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- yes
- Total exposure duration:
- 21 d
- Post exposure observation period:
- Not observed
- Hardness:
- Total Hardness as CaCO3 [mg/L]
Nominal
Test Item
Concentration
[mg/L] I F I F I F
Day 0 Day 1 Day 7 Day 8 Day 14 Day 15
2011-11-16 2011-11-17 2011-11-23 2011-11-24 2011-11-30 2011-12-01
1.00
(Saturated solution) 160 160 174 164 176 164
Control 176 162 176 169 176 164 - Test temperature:
- Temperature [°C]
Nominal
Test Item
Concentration
[mg/L] I F I F I F
Day 0 Day 1 Day 7 Day 8 Day 14 Day 15
2011-11-16 2011-11-17 2011-11-23 2011-11-24 2011-11-30 2011-12-01
1.00
(Saturated solution) 21.5 20.6 21.1 21.6 20.5 21.1
Control 20.1 20.6 20.3 21.5 20.8 21.1 - pH:
- pH-Values
Nominal
Test Item
Concentration
[mg/L] I F I F I F
Day 0 Day 1 Day 7 Day 8 Day 14 Day 15
2011-11-16 2011-11-17 2011-11-23 2011-11-24 2011-11-30 2011-12-01
1.00
(Saturated solution) 8.27 7.79 7.61 7.52 7.70 7.53
Control 7.92 7.80 7.79 7.49 7.95 7.46 - Dissolved oxygen:
- Dissolved Oxygen Concentration [mg O2/L]
Nominal
Test Item
Concentration
[mg/L] I F I F I F
Day 0 Day 1 Day 7 Day 8 Day 14 Day 15
2011-11-16 2011-11-17 2011-11-23 2011-11-24 2011-11-30 2011-12-01
1.00
(Saturated solution) 5.99 8.31 6.72 8.32 6.37 8.66
Control 8.84 8.53 8.76 7.49 8.85 7.34 - Salinity:
- Not measured, freshwater
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Due to the extremely low water solubility of the substance it was not possible to detect the substance in the treatments (below LOQ).
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel:
- Type (delete if not applicable): closed with parafilm
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: 100 mL glass beaker, filled with 50 mL test solution
- Aeration: No
- Renewal rate of test solution (frequency): 3 x per week
- No. of organisms per vessel: 1
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 10
- No. of vessels per control and pH-control (replicates): 10
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: Elendt M4, according to ELENDT (1990), modified to a total hardness of > 140 mg CaCO3/L.
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: No
- Photoperiod: 16 h light : 8 h dark per day
- Light intensity: Max. 20 µE*m-2*s-1
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) :
- Adult mortality: daily
- Number of juveniles: daily
- Stillborn juveniles and aborted eggs: daily
- Appearance of first brood
- Intrinsic rate of natural increase: test end
- Growth (total length and dry weight): test end
RANGE-FINDING STUDY
Immobilization Rates in the Preliminary Test
(n = 20, divided into 2 replicates with 10 daphnids each)
Nominal
Test Item Concentration
[mg] IMMOBILIZATION [%]
24 hours 48 hours
Replicates Replicates
1 2 MV 1 2 MV
1.00
(Saturated solution) 0 0 0 0 0 0
Control 0 0 0 0 0 0 - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- Potassium dichromate
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 1 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Remarks:
- and mortality
- Remarks on result:
- other: Due to the very poor solubility of the test item, quantitative analytical determination was precluded (below LOQ)
- Details on results:
- - Mortality of parent animals:
No adult mortality or immobilization of parental daphnids was observed in control and the saturated solution with 1.00 mg test item/L
- No. of offspring produced per day per female:
In the control and the saturated test item test solution (limit concentration), five broods were released during the test period by all daphnids, respectively. The first brood was released on days 8 and 9 by all parent daphnids in the control and test group. The mean number of alive offspring produced per parent daphnid surviving the test was 126 in the control and 123 in the saturated test item solution with 1.00 mg test item/L after 21 days, respectively. The reproductive output of daphnids in the saturated test item solution (limit concentration) was comparable to the output of daphnids in the control (t-test, p = 0.05).
- Body length and weight of parent animals:
Please refer to the respective table
- Type and number of morphological / behavioural abnormalities:
Related to the total number of produced juveniles (dead + alive) the percentage of dead juveniles was < 1 % in the saturated solution, which is seen to be not biologically significant. In the control no dead juveniles or aborted eggs were observed. No ephippia were observed in any group during the test.
- Time to first brood release or time to hatch:
The first brood was released from all parent daphnids in all treatments by day 9. - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- - Results with reference substance valid? yes
- Relevant effect levels: EC50 (24 h) = 1.60 (CI 1.41 - 1.82) mg/L - Reported statistics and error estimates:
- The NOEC and LOEC for reproduction as measured by the intrinsic rate of natural increase and total living neonates per surviving female as well as adult survival was derived directly from the test data.
Significant deviations were determined in comparison to the control using statistical standard procedures as Normality Test, Equal Variance Test and t-test.
Prior to running an analysis of variance test, a normality test and an equal variance test were performed. P-values of the normality and equal variance tests were 0.05. The a-value (acceptable probability of incorrectly concluding that there is a difference) was a=0.05.
For the determination of significant deviations of the reproduction rates and the intrinsic rates of natural increase t-test (p = 0.05) was used.
The coefficients of variation of alive offspring produced per parent were calculated for the control and the saturated test item solution. - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- At the saturated test item solution with 1.00 mg test item/L no biologically or statistically significant effects were determined. The No Observed Effect Concentration (NOEC) and the Lowest Observed Effect Concentration (LOEC) were as follows:
NOEC : 1.00 mg/L
LOEC : > 1.00 mg/L
All provided effect values are based on the nominal concentration of the test item. - Executive summary:
The Daphnia magna Reproduction Test (Semi-Static, 21 d) of the test item was conducted as a limit test with the saturated solution* with 1.00 mg/L test item according to OECD 211 (2008).
The selected test organism was Daphnia magna STRAUS (Clone 5). Ten daphnids individually held were used for the saturated test item solution* and the control, respectively. At test start the daphnids were 2 to 24 h old. The test method was semi-static with a daily renewal of the test solutions. The aim of the Daphnia Reproduction Test over 21 days was to assess effects on the reproduction capacity and other test item-related effects, including occurrence of aborted eggs and stillborn juveniles, time of production of first brood, adult mortality, intrinsic rate of natural increase, dry body weight and length of the parent daphnids.
The tested saturated solution* of the test item and the control were analytically verified by HPLC-DAD of samples on days 0, 7, 14 (fresh media, 0 hours) and on days 1, 8, 15 (old media, 24 hours).The measured concentrations of the test item were below the limit of quantification of the analytical method (LOQM) in samples of the fresh (0 hours) and the old media (24 hours) of the saturated solution and the control. The results given are based on the nominal concentration of 1.00 mg/L of the test item.
· The average values of juveniles per parental daphnid were 126 for the control and 123 for the saturated test item solution* with 1.00 mg test item/L after 21 days. The reproductive output of daphnids in the saturated test item solution* (limit concentration) was comparable to the output of daphnids in the control (t-test, p = 0.05).
· The coefficient of variation of the number of living offspring produced per parent was 9 % for the control and the saturated test item solution*, respectively.
· The intrinsic rates of natural increase (IR) of the surviving parent daphnids accounting for generation time and number of offspring were calculated as a measure for population growth and maintenance. The IR of the saturated solution* was comparable to the control group (t-test, p = 0.05).
· No adult mortality or immobilization of parental daphnids was observed in the control and the saturated solution*.
· Related to the total number of produced juveniles (dead + alive) the percentage of dead juveniles and aborted eggs was lower than 1 % in the saturated solution*, which is seen to be not biologically significant. In the control no dead juveniles or aborted eggs were observed.
Five broods, respectively, were observed during the test period for all parental daphnids. The first brood was released from all parent daphnids in all treatments by day 9.
· The mean dry body weight and total body lengths of all parental daphnids of the test and the control group were determined at the end of the study.
The mean dry body weight of the parental daphnids was 0.93 mg per daphnid for the control and 1.01 mg per daphnid for the saturated test item solution.
The mean body length of the parental daphnids was 5.50 mm per daphnid for the control and 5.45 mm per daphnid for the saturated test item solution.· No malesand ephippia (winter eggs) were observed in the respective control or test groups.
A summary of all test item related effects is given in Table 1. No biologically or statistically significant effect could be determined in the saturated test item solution with 1.00 mg/L test item when compared to the control.
Table 1: Summary of all Test Item Related Effects
(Based on the nominal concentration of the test item of 1.00 mg/L)
Test Item
Effects
Control
Nominal Concentration
1.00 mg/L
Significance
Mean Number of Juveniles
per Producing Parent
(Reproduction Rate ± SD)126 ± 11
123 ± 11
no1)
Coefficient of Variation of the Mean Number of Juveniles per Producing Parent
9
9
no
Intrinsic Rate of
Natural Increase (Mean ± SD)0.47 ± 0.02
0.46 ± 0.02
no1)
Appearance of First Brood (Mean Day ± SD)
8.4 ± 0.5
8.5 ± 0.5
—
Number of Broods
5
5
—
Stillborn Juveniles and Aborted Eggs
0
2
—
Adult Mortality after 21 Days [%]
0
0
no
Parent Daphnids:
Mean Dry Weight [mg]0.93
1.01
—
Parent Daphnids:
Mean Body Length [mm] ± SD5.50 ± 0.17
5.45 ± 0.20
—
NOEC
1.00 mg/L
SD = Standard deviation
no = no biological significance
1) = no statistical significance
The water quality parameters (pH-value, dissolved oxygen, water hardness and temperature) were determined to be within the acceptable limits.
· To assure the validity of the test system and the test conditions at the test facility, an acute immobilization test according to DIN 38412 L 11 is being carried out with potassium dichromate as reference item once per month. This reference test is required by the test guideline OECD 211 (2008).
The EC50 of the reference item of 1.60 mg/L (95 % confidence limits: 1.41 - 1.82 mg/L) after 24 h is within the prescribed concentration range of 1.0 - 2.5 mg/L of quality criteria according to AQS P 9/2 (05/1996) for daphnids clone 5 cultured in Elendt M4 medium. The EC50-value of the reference item is also within the recommended range of 0.6 - 2.1 mg/L according to OECD-Guideline 202.- Endpoint:
- long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2011-11-14 to 2011-12-09
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Study performed according to relevant guidelines and compliant to GLP
- Justification for type of information:
- Justification for type of information: see Rationale and Justification for the Analogue Read-Across Approach used for the Registration of Acetolone Pigments – Nanoforms and Bulk Forms (Chapter 13)
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across source
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 211 (Daphnia magna Reproduction Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Remarks:
- according to German Chemikaliengesetzt and directive 88/320/EEC
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- - Concentrations: Saturated solution with a nominal loading of 1 mg/L as limit concentration.
- Sampling method: Analytical evaluation of the saturated solution of the test item and the control was carried out by HPLC-DAD in the fresh media (0 h) and old media (24 h every 7 days. For the old media, separate replicates without test organisms were prepared and incubated under test conditions. The nominal test item concentration was used for estimation of the endpoints.
- Sample storage conditions before analysis: All samples were stored at 6 ± 2 C° until sample preparation, if necessary. - Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
- Method: Stock solutions of 1 mg/L were prepared with dilution water two days prior to application / water renewal. The stock solution was stirred with approx. 1100 rpm for 48 h at room temperature. Undissolved particles were removed by membrane filtration.
- Eluate: Dilution water
- Differential loading: None, limit test
- Controls: 10 replicates of dilution water without test item. - Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Daphnia magna STRAUS
- Strain/clone: Clone 5
- Justification for species other than prescribed by test guideline: Daphnia magna STRAUS is recommended in the guideline
- Source: Own breeding (Origin: Institut fuer Wasser- Boden- und Lufthygiene)
- Age of parental stock (mean and range, SD): > 14 days
- Feeding during test
- Food type: Mix of Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata and Desmodesmus subspicatus
- Amount: 0.2 mg C/daphnia per day
- Frequency: daily
ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: 2 h in dilution water
- Acclimation conditions (same as test or not): Same as test
- Type and amount of food: During acclimation the daphnids were not fed
- Feeding frequency: None
- Health during acclimation (any mortality observed): Healthy
METHOD FOR PREPARATION AND COLLECTION OF EARLY INSTARS OR OTHER LIFE STAGES: The parent animals were removed from the culture medium and the juveniles collected over a sieve and flushed into fresh medium - Test type:
- semi-static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- yes
- Total exposure duration:
- 21 d
- Post exposure observation period:
- Not observed
- Hardness:
- Nominal
Test Item
Concentration
[mg/L] I F I F I F
Day 0 Day 1 Day 7 Day 8 Day 14 Day 15
2011-11-16 2011-11-17 2011-11-23 2011-11-24 2011-11-30 2011-12-01
1.00
(Saturated solution) 173 164 160 166 176 164
Control 176 162 176 169 176 164 - Test temperature:
- Nominal
Test Item
Concentration
[mg/L] I F I F I F
Day 0 Day 1 Day 7 Day 8 Day 14 Day 15
2011-11-16 2011-11-17 2011-11-23 2011-11-24 2011-11-30 2011-12-01
1.00
(Saturated solution) 21.6 20.7 21.3 21.6 20.6 21.3
Control 20.1 20.6 20.3 21.5 20.8 21.1 - pH:
- Nominal
Test Item
Concentration
[mg/L] I F I F I F
Day 0 Day 1 Day 7 Day 8 Day 14 Day 15
2011-11-16 2011-11-17 2011-11-23 2011-11-24 2011-11-30 2011-12-01
1.00
(Saturated solution) 8.15 7.94 7.65 7.54 7.86 7.42
Control 7.92 7.80 7.79 7.49 7.95 7.46 - Dissolved oxygen:
- Nominal
Test Item
Concentration
[mg/L] I F I F I F
Day 0 Day 1 Day 7 Day 8 Day 14 Day 15
2011-11-16 2011-11-17 2011-11-23 2011-11-24 2011-11-30 2011-12-01
1.00
(Saturated solution) 6.78 8.90 6.58 8.44 6.18 7.55
Control 8.84 8.53 8.76 7.49 8.85 7.34 - Salinity:
- Not measured, freshwater
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Please refer to "Any other information on materials and methods incl. tables"
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel:
- Type (delete if not applicable): closed with parafilm
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: 100 mL glass beaker, filled with 50 mL test solution
- Aeration: No
- Renewal rate of test solution (frequency): daily
- No. of organisms per vessel: 1
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 10
- No. of vessels per control and pH-control (replicates): 10
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: Elendt M4, according to ELENDT (1990), modified to a total hardness of > 140 mg CaCO3/L.
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: No
- Photoperiod: 16 h light : 8 h dark per day
- Light intensity: Max. 20 µE*m-2*s-1
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) :
- Adult mortality: daily
- Number of juveniles: daily
- Stillborn juveniles and aborted eggs: daily
- Appearance of first brood
- Intrinsic rate of natural increase: test end
- Growth (total length and dry weight): test end
RANGE-FINDING STUDY
A preliminary test was carried out as acute immobilization test with the saturated solution with 1 mg test item/L under static conditions over a period of 48 hours. No effects (including immobilization, signs of disease or stress, e.g. discoloration or unusual behaviour) were observed on Daphnia magna after an exposure period of 48 hours.
Immobilization Rates in the Preliminary Test
(n = 20, divided into 2 replicates with 10 daphnids each)
Nominal
Test Item Concentration
[mg] IMMOBILIZATION [%]
24 hours 48 hours
Replicates Replicates
1 2 MV 1 2 MV
1.00
(Saturated solution) 0 0 0 0 0 0
Control 0 0 0 0 0 0 - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- Potassium dichromate
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 1 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Remarks:
- and mortality
- Remarks on result:
- other: Due to the very poor solubility of the test item, quantitative analytical determination was precluded (below LOQ)
- Details on results:
- - Mortality of parent animals:
No adult mortality or immobilization of parental daphnids was observed in the control and the saturated solution with 1.00 mg test item/L
- No. of offspring produced per day per female:
In the control and the saturated test item test solution (limit concentration), five broods were released during the test period by all daphnids, respectively. The first brood was released on days 8 and 9 by all parental daphnids in the control and test groups. The mean number of alive offspring produced per parent daphnid surviving the test was 126 in the control and 121 in the saturated test item solution with 1.00 mg test item/L after 21 days, respectively. The reproductive output of daphnids in the saturated test item solution (limit concentration) was comparable to the output of daphnids in the control (t-test, p = 0.05).
- Body length and weight of parental animals:
Please refer to the respective table
- Type and number of morphological / behavioural abnormalities:
No stillborn juveniles and aborted eggs were observed in the control and the saturated solution with 1.00 mg test item/L during the exposure period of 21 days. No ephippia were observed in any group during the test.
- Time to first brood release or time to hatch:
The first brood was released from all parent daphnids in all treatments by day 9. - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- - Results with reference substance valid? yes
- Relevant effect levels: EC50 (24 h) = 1.60 (CI 1.41 - 1.82) mg/L - Reported statistics and error estimates:
- The NOEC and LOEC for reproduction as measured by the intrinsic rate of natural increase and total living neonates per surviving female as well as adult survival was derived directly from the test data.
Significant deviations were determined in comparison to the control using statistical standard procedures as Normality Test, Equal Variance Test and t-test.
Prior to running an analysis of variance test, a normality test and an equal variance test were performed. P-values of the normality and equal variance tests were 0.05. The a-value (acceptable probability of incorrectly concluding that there is a difference) was a=0.05.
For the determination of significant deviations of the reproduction rates, the intrinsic rates of natural increase and the total body lengths t-test (p = 0.05) was used.
The coefficients of variation of alive offspring produced per parent were calculated for the control and the saturated test item solution.
The EC50-value was calculated for the reference dose-response test by sigmoidal dose-response regression. The confidence interval for the EC50-value was calculated from the best-fit dose-response curve, standard error and t-distribution using the software GraphPad prism. - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- At the saturated test item solution with 1.00 mg test item/L no biologically or statistically significant effects were determined. The No Observed Effect Concentration (NOEC) and the Lowest Observed Effect Concentration (LOEC) were as follows:
NOEC : 1.00 mg/L
LOEC : > 1.00 mg/L
All provided effect values are based on the nominal concentration of the test item. - Executive summary:
The Daphnia magna Reproduction Test (Semi-Static, 21 d) of the test item was conducted as a limit test with the saturated solution* with 1.00 mg/L test item according to OECD 211 (2008).
The selected test organism was Daphnia magna STRAUS (Clone 5). Ten daphnids individually held were used for the saturated test item solution* and the control, respectively. At test start the daphnids were 2 to 24 h old. The test method was semi-static with a daily renewal of the test solutions. The aim of the Daphnia Reproduction Test over 21 days was to assess effects on the reproduction capacity and other test item-related effects, including occurrence of aborted eggs and stillborn juveniles, time of production of first brood, adult mortality, intrinsic rate of natural increase, dry body weight and length of the parent daphnids.
The tested saturated solution* of the test item and the control were analytically verified by HPLC-DAD of samples on days 0, 7, 14 (fresh media, 0 hours) and on days 1, 8, 15 (old media, 24 hours).The measured concentrations of the test item were below the limit of quantification of the analytical method (LOQM) in samples of the fresh (0 hours) and the old media (24 hours) of the saturated solution and the control. The results given are based on the nominal concentration of 1.00 mg/L of the test item.
· The average values of juveniles per parental daphnid were 126 for the control and 121 for the saturated test item solution* with 1.00 mg test item/L after 21 days. The reproductive output of daphnids in the saturated test item solution* (limit concentration) was comparable to the output of daphnids in the control (t-test, p = 0.05).
· The coefficient of variation of the number of living offspring produced per parent was 9 % for the control and 8 % for the saturated test item solution*.
· The intrinsic rates of natural increase (IR) of the surviving parent daphnids accounting for generation time and number of offspring were calculated as a measure for population growth and maintenance. The IR of the saturated solution* was comparable to the control group (t-test, p = 0.05).
· No adult mortality or immobilization of parental daphnids was observed in the control and the saturated solution* (Table 5).
· No dead juveniles and aborted eggs were observed in control and the saturated solution*.
*) Saturated solution: The maximum dissolved concentration of the test item that can be achieved under the test conditions in the test medium, acc. to OECD Series, No. 23 (2000)6.
· Five broods, respectively, were observed during the test period for all parental daphnids. The first brood was released from all parent daphnids in all treatments by day 9.
· The mean dry body weight and total body lengths of all parental daphnids of the test and the control group were determined at the end of the study.
The mean dry body weight of the parental daphnids was 0.93 mg per daphnid for the control and 1.03 mg per daphnid for the saturated test item solution.
The mean body length of the parental daphnids was 5.50 mm per daphnid for the control and 5.45 mm per daphnid for the saturated test item solution. The total body lengths of all daphnids in the saturated test item solution were comparable to the total body lengths in the control (t-test, p = 0.05).· No malesand ephippia (winter eggs) were observed in the respective control or test groups.
A summary of all test item related effects is given in Table 1. No biologically or statistically significant effect could be determined in the saturated test item solution with 1.00 mg/L test item when compared to the control.
Summary of all Test Item Related Effects
(Based on the nominal concentration of the test item of 1.00 mg/L)
Test item
Effects
Control
Nominal Concentration
1.00 mg/L
Significance
Mean Number of Juveniles
per Producing Parent
(Reproduction Rate ± SD)126 ± 11
121 ± 9
no1)
Coefficient of Variation of the Mean Number of Juveniles per Producing Parent
9
8
no
Intrinsic Rate of
Natural Increase (Mean ± SD)0.47 ± 0.02
0.46 ± 0.02
no1)
Appearance of First Brood (Mean Day ± SD)
8.4 ± 0.5
8.6 ± 0.5
—
Number of Broods
5
5
—
Stillborn Juveniles and Aborted Eggs
0
0
—
Adult Mortality after 21 Days [%]
0
0
no
Parent Daphnids:
Mean Dry Weight [mg]0.93
1.03
—
Parent Daphnids:
Mean Body Length [mm] ± SD5.50 ± 0.17
5.45 ± 0.23
no1)
NOEC
1.00 mg/L
- Endpoint:
- long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2011-11-14 to 2012-01-12
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Study performed according to relevant guidelines and compliant to GLP
- Justification for type of information:
- Justification for type of information: see Rationale and Justification for the Analogue Read-Across Approach used for the Registration of Acetolone Pigments – Nanoforms and Bulk Forms (Chapter 13)
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across source
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 211 (Daphnia magna Reproduction Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Remarks:
- according to German Chemikaliengesetzt and directive 88/320/EEC
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- - Concentrations: Analytical evaluation of the saturated solution of the test item and the control was carried out by HPLC-DAD in the fresh media (0 h) and old media (24 h) every 7 days.
- Sampling method: For the old media, separate replicates without test organisms were prepared and incubated under test conditions. The nominal test item concentration was used for estimation of the endpoints.
- Sample storage conditions before analysis: All samples were stored at 6 ± 2 °C until sample preparation, if necessary. - Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
- Method: A stock solution of 1 mg/L was prepared with dilution water 2 days prior to application/water renewal.The stock solution was stirred with approximately 1100 rpm for 48 hours at room temperature. Undissolved particles were removed by membrane filtration (membrane filter: 0.45 µm, RC, MACHEREY-NAGEL). Due to the test item properties centrifugation was not possible.
- Eluate: Dilution water
- Differential loading: None, limit test
- Controls: 10 replicates of dilution water without test item - Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Daphnia magna STRAUS
- Strain/clone: Clone 5
- Justification for species other than prescribed by test guideline: Daphnia magna STRAUS is recommended in the guideline
- Source: Own breeding (Origin: Institut fuer Wasser- Boden- und Lufthygiene)
- Age of parental stock (mean and range, SD): > 14 days
- Feeding during test
- Food type: Mix of Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata and Desmodesmus subspicatus
- Amount: 0.2 mg C/daphnia per day
- Frequency: daily
ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: 2 h in dilution water
- Acclimation conditions (same as test or not): Same as test
- Type and amount of food: During acclimation the daphnids were not fed
- Feeding frequency: None
- Health during acclimation (any mortality observed): Healthy
METHOD FOR PREPARATION AND COLLECTION OF EARLY INSTARS OR OTHER LIFE STAGES: The parent animals were removed from the culture medium and the juveniles collected over a sieve and flushed into fresh medium - Test type:
- semi-static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- yes
- Total exposure duration:
- 21 d
- Post exposure observation period:
- Not observed
- Hardness:
- Total Hardness as CaCO3 [mg/L]
Nominal
Test Item
Concentration
[mg/L] I F I F I F
Day 0 Day 1 Day 7 Day 8 Day 14 Day 15
2011-11-16 2011-11-17 2011-11-23 2011-11-24 2011-11-30 2011-12-01
1.00
(Saturated solution) 160 160 174 164 176 164
Control 176 162 176 169 176 164 - Test temperature:
- Temperature [°C]
Nominal
Test Item
Concentration
[mg/L] I F I F I F
Day 0 Day 1 Day 7 Day 8 Day 14 Day 15
2011-11-16 2011-11-17 2011-11-23 2011-11-24 2011-11-30 2011-12-01
1.00
(Saturated solution) 21.5 20.6 21.1 21.6 20.5 21.1
Control 20.1 20.6 20.3 21.5 20.8 21.1 - pH:
- pH-Values
Nominal
Test Item
Concentration
[mg/L] I F I F I F
Day 0 Day 1 Day 7 Day 8 Day 14 Day 15
2011-11-16 2011-11-17 2011-11-23 2011-11-24 2011-11-30 2011-12-01
1.00
(Saturated solution) 8.27 7.79 7.61 7.52 7.70 7.53
Control 7.92 7.80 7.79 7.49 7.95 7.46 - Dissolved oxygen:
- Dissolved Oxygen Concentration [mg O2/L]
Nominal
Test Item
Concentration
[mg/L] I F I F I F
Day 0 Day 1 Day 7 Day 8 Day 14 Day 15
2011-11-16 2011-11-17 2011-11-23 2011-11-24 2011-11-30 2011-12-01
1.00
(Saturated solution) 5.99 8.31 6.72 8.32 6.37 8.66
Control 8.84 8.53 8.76 7.49 8.85 7.34 - Salinity:
- Not measured, freshwater
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Due to the extremely low water solubility of the substance it was not possible to detect the substance in the treatments (below LOQ).
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel:
- Type (delete if not applicable): closed with parafilm
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: 100 mL glass beaker, filled with 50 mL test solution
- Aeration: No
- Renewal rate of test solution (frequency): 3 x per week
- No. of organisms per vessel: 1
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 10
- No. of vessels per control and pH-control (replicates): 10
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: Elendt M4, according to ELENDT (1990), modified to a total hardness of > 140 mg CaCO3/L.
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: No
- Photoperiod: 16 h light : 8 h dark per day
- Light intensity: Max. 20 µE*m-2*s-1
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) :
- Adult mortality: daily
- Number of juveniles: daily
- Stillborn juveniles and aborted eggs: daily
- Appearance of first brood
- Intrinsic rate of natural increase: test end
- Growth (total length and dry weight): test end
RANGE-FINDING STUDY
Immobilization Rates in the Preliminary Test
(n = 20, divided into 2 replicates with 10 daphnids each)
Nominal
Test Item Concentration
[mg] IMMOBILIZATION [%]
24 hours 48 hours
Replicates Replicates
1 2 MV 1 2 MV
1.00
(Saturated solution) 0 0 0 0 0 0
Control 0 0 0 0 0 0 - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- Potassium dichromate
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 1 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Remarks:
- and mortality
- Remarks on result:
- other: Due to the very poor solubility of the test item, quantitative analytical determination was precluded (below LOQ)
- Details on results:
- - Mortality of parent animals:
No adult mortality or immobilization of parental daphnids was observed in control and the saturated solution with 1.00 mg test item/L
- No. of offspring produced per day per female:
In the control and the saturated test item test solution (limit concentration), five broods were released during the test period by all daphnids, respectively. The first brood was released on days 8 and 9 by all parent daphnids in the control and test group. The mean number of alive offspring produced per parent daphnid surviving the test was 126 in the control and 123 in the saturated test item solution with 1.00 mg test item/L after 21 days, respectively. The reproductive output of daphnids in the saturated test item solution (limit concentration) was comparable to the output of daphnids in the control (t-test, p = 0.05).
- Body length and weight of parent animals:
Please refer to the respective table
- Type and number of morphological / behavioural abnormalities:
Related to the total number of produced juveniles (dead + alive) the percentage of dead juveniles was < 1 % in the saturated solution, which is seen to be not biologically significant. In the control no dead juveniles or aborted eggs were observed. No ephippia were observed in any group during the test.
- Time to first brood release or time to hatch:
The first brood was released from all parent daphnids in all treatments by day 9. - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- - Results with reference substance valid? yes
- Relevant effect levels: EC50 (24 h) = 1.60 (CI 1.41 - 1.82) mg/L - Reported statistics and error estimates:
- The NOEC and LOEC for reproduction as measured by the intrinsic rate of natural increase and total living neonates per surviving female as well as adult survival was derived directly from the test data.
Significant deviations were determined in comparison to the control using statistical standard procedures as Normality Test, Equal Variance Test and t-test.
Prior to running an analysis of variance test, a normality test and an equal variance test were performed. P-values of the normality and equal variance tests were 0.05. The a-value (acceptable probability of incorrectly concluding that there is a difference) was a=0.05.
For the determination of significant deviations of the reproduction rates and the intrinsic rates of natural increase t-test (p = 0.05) was used.
The coefficients of variation of alive offspring produced per parent were calculated for the control and the saturated test item solution. - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- At the saturated test item solution with 1.00 mg test item/L no biologically or statistically significant effects were determined. The No Observed Effect Concentration (NOEC) and the Lowest Observed Effect Concentration (LOEC) were as follows:
NOEC : 1.00 mg/L
LOEC : > 1.00 mg/L
All provided effect values are based on the nominal concentration of the test item. - Executive summary:
The Daphnia magna Reproduction Test (Semi-Static, 21 d) of the test item was conducted as a limit test with the saturated solution* with 1.00 mg/L test item according to OECD 211 (2008).
The selected test organism was Daphnia magna STRAUS (Clone 5). Ten daphnids individually held were used for the saturated test item solution* and the control, respectively. At test start the daphnids were 2 to 24 h old. The test method was semi-static with a daily renewal of the test solutions. The aim of the Daphnia Reproduction Test over 21 days was to assess effects on the reproduction capacity and other test item-related effects, including occurrence of aborted eggs and stillborn juveniles, time of production of first brood, adult mortality, intrinsic rate of natural increase, dry body weight and length of the parent daphnids.
The tested saturated solution* of the test item and the control were analytically verified by HPLC-DAD of samples on days 0, 7, 14 (fresh media, 0 hours) and on days 1, 8, 15 (old media, 24 hours).The measured concentrations of the test item were below the limit of quantification of the analytical method (LOQM) in samples of the fresh (0 hours) and the old media (24 hours) of the saturated solution and the control. The results given are based on the nominal concentration of 1.00 mg/L of the test item.
· The average values of juveniles per parental daphnid were 126 for the control and 123 for the saturated test item solution* with 1.00 mg test item/L after 21 days. The reproductive output of daphnids in the saturated test item solution* (limit concentration) was comparable to the output of daphnids in the control (t-test, p = 0.05).
· The coefficient of variation of the number of living offspring produced per parent was 9 % for the control and the saturated test item solution*, respectively.
· The intrinsic rates of natural increase (IR) of the surviving parent daphnids accounting for generation time and number of offspring were calculated as a measure for population growth and maintenance. The IR of the saturated solution* was comparable to the control group (t-test, p = 0.05).
· No adult mortality or immobilization of parental daphnids was observed in the control and the saturated solution*.
· Related to the total number of produced juveniles (dead + alive) the percentage of dead juveniles and aborted eggs was lower than 1 % in the saturated solution*, which is seen to be not biologically significant. In the control no dead juveniles or aborted eggs were observed.
Five broods, respectively, were observed during the test period for all parental daphnids. The first brood was released from all parent daphnids in all treatments by day 9.
· The mean dry body weight and total body lengths of all parental daphnids of the test and the control group were determined at the end of the study.
The mean dry body weight of the parental daphnids was 0.93 mg per daphnid for the control and 1.01 mg per daphnid for the saturated test item solution.
The mean body length of the parental daphnids was 5.50 mm per daphnid for the control and 5.45 mm per daphnid for the saturated test item solution.· No malesand ephippia (winter eggs) were observed in the respective control or test groups.
A summary of all test item related effects is given in Table 1. No biologically or statistically significant effect could be determined in the saturated test item solution with 1.00 mg/L test item when compared to the control.
Table 1: Summary of all Test Item Related Effects
(Based on the nominal concentration of the test item of 1.00 mg/L)
Test Item
Effects
Control
Nominal Concentration
1.00 mg/L
Significance
Mean Number of Juveniles
per Producing Parent
(Reproduction Rate ± SD)126 ± 11
123 ± 11
no1)
Coefficient of Variation of the Mean Number of Juveniles per Producing Parent
9
9
no
Intrinsic Rate of
Natural Increase (Mean ± SD)0.47 ± 0.02
0.46 ± 0.02
no1)
Appearance of First Brood (Mean Day ± SD)
8.4 ± 0.5
8.5 ± 0.5
—
Number of Broods
5
5
—
Stillborn Juveniles and Aborted Eggs
0
2
—
Adult Mortality after 21 Days [%]
0
0
no
Parent Daphnids:
Mean Dry Weight [mg]0.93
1.01
—
Parent Daphnids:
Mean Body Length [mm] ± SD5.50 ± 0.17
5.45 ± 0.20
—
NOEC
1.00 mg/L
SD = Standard deviation
no = no biological significance
1) = no statistical significance
The water quality parameters (pH-value, dissolved oxygen, water hardness and temperature) were determined to be within the acceptable limits.
· To assure the validity of the test system and the test conditions at the test facility, an acute immobilization test according to DIN 38412 L 11 is being carried out with potassium dichromate as reference item once per month. This reference test is required by the test guideline OECD 211 (2008).
The EC50 of the reference item of 1.60 mg/L (95 % confidence limits: 1.41 - 1.82 mg/L) after 24 h is within the prescribed concentration range of 1.0 - 2.5 mg/L of quality criteria according to AQS P 9/2 (05/1996) for daphnids clone 5 cultured in Elendt M4 medium. The EC50-value of the reference item is also within the recommended range of 0.6 - 2.1 mg/L according to OECD-Guideline 202.
Referenceopen allclose all
Number of Juveniles in the Control and Test Group after 21 d
Nominal Test Item Concentration [mg/L] |
No. of Parents producing Juveniles |
Mean No. of Juveniles per Parent producing Juveniles |
Compared versus Control |
|
|||||||||||||||
Number of Juveniles in Replicate No. |
Total |
|
|||||||||||||||||
No. |
|
||||||||||||||||||
CV |
Red. |
Stat. |
|
||||||||||||||||
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
8 |
9 |
10 |
å |
N |
MV ± SD |
[%] |
[%] |
|
||||
1.00 (Saturated solution) |
120 |
102 |
118 |
126 |
118 |
118 |
134 |
126 |
133 |
115 |
1210 |
10 |
121 ± 9 |
8 |
4 |
no |
|
||
Control |
125 |
125 |
122 |
123 |
119 |
126 |
114 |
117 |
153 |
136 |
1260 |
10 |
126 ± 11 |
9 |
— |
Mortality [%] of the Adult Daphnids after 7, 14 and 21 d of Exposure
(n = 10)
Nominal Test Item Concentration |
Mortality [%] |
||
7 days |
14 days |
21 days |
|
1.00 (Saturated solution) |
0 |
0 |
0 |
Control |
0 |
0 |
0 |
First Appearance of Living Juveniles in the Individual Groups
Nominal Test Item Concentration [mg/L] |
Day of First Appearance of Living Juveniles |
First Appearance Mean Day |
|||||||||
in Replicate No. |
|||||||||||
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
8 |
9 |
10 |
||
1.00 (Saturated solution) |
9 |
8 |
9 |
9 |
9 |
8 |
8 |
9 |
9 |
8 |
8.6 |
Control |
8 |
9 |
8 |
8 |
8 |
8 |
8 |
9 |
9 |
9 |
8.4 |
Total Length and Dry Weight of the Parental Daphnids
Nominal Test Item Concentration |
Total Length of the Parental Daphnids [mm] |
MV |
N |
Dry Weight [mg] |
|||||||||||
Replicate No. |
|||||||||||||||
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
8 |
9 |
10 |
[mm] |
Stat. |
Sum |
MV |
||
1.00 (Saturated solution) |
5.75 |
5.50 |
5.50 |
5.25 |
5.75 |
5.00 |
5.50 |
5.25 |
5.50 |
5.50 |
5.45 |
no |
10 |
10.3 |
1.03 |
Control |
5.25 |
5.25 |
5.50 |
5.50 |
5.50 |
5.50 |
5.50 |
5.50 |
5.75 |
5.75 |
5.50 |
— |
10 |
9.3 |
0.93 |
N = number of parental daphnids alive
Stat. = statistically significant difference
no = no statsitically significant difference
Number of Juveniles in the Control and Test Group after 21 d
Nominal Test Item Concentration [mg/L] |
No. of Parents producing Juveniles |
Mean No. of Juveniles per Parent producing Juveniles |
Compared versus Control |
|
|||||||||||||||
Number of Juveniles in Replicate No. |
Total |
|
|||||||||||||||||
No. |
|
||||||||||||||||||
CV |
Red. |
Stat. |
|
||||||||||||||||
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
8 |
9 |
10 |
å |
N |
MV ± SD |
[%] |
[%] |
|
||||
1.00 (Saturated solution) |
128 |
120 |
121 |
103 |
117 |
121 |
136 |
144 |
126 |
118 |
1234 |
10 |
123 ± 11 |
9 |
2 |
no |
|
||
Control |
125 |
125 |
122 |
123 |
119 |
126 |
114 |
117 |
153 |
136 |
1260 |
10 |
126 ± 11 |
9 |
— |
Mortality [%] of the Adult Daphnids after 7, 14 and 21 d of Exposure
(n = 10)
Nominal Test Item Concentration |
Mortality [%] |
||
7 days |
14 days |
21 days |
|
1.00 (Saturated solution) |
0 |
0 |
0 |
Control |
0 |
0 |
0 |
Relative Number of Dead (Stillborn + Aborted Eggs) to Total Number of Juveniles
Nominal |
Number of Juveniles |
Percentage of |
||
Dead |
Alive |
Total |
||
1.00 (Saturated solution |
2 |
1234 |
1236 |
1 |
Control |
0 |
1260 |
1260 |
0 |
First Appearance of Living Juveniles in the Individual Groups
Nominal Test Item Concentration [mg/L] |
Day of First Appearance of Living Juveniles |
First Appearance Mean Day |
|||||||||
in Replicate No. |
|||||||||||
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
8 |
9 |
10 |
||
1.00 (Saturated solution) |
8 |
8 |
8 |
9 |
9 |
8 |
9 |
9 |
8 |
9 |
8.5 |
Control |
8 |
9 |
8 |
8 |
8 |
8 |
8 |
9 |
9 |
9 |
8.4 |
Total Length and Dry Weight of the Parental Daphnids
Nominal Test Item Concentration |
Total Length of the Parental Daphnids [mm] |
MV |
N |
Dry Weight [mg] |
||||||||||
Replicate No. |
||||||||||||||
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
8 |
9 |
10 |
[mm] |
S |
MV |
||
1.00 (Saturated solution) |
5.25 |
5.25 |
5.25 |
5.50 |
5.50 |
5.25 |
5.75 |
5.75 |
5.50 |
5.50 |
5.45 |
10 |
10.1 |
1.01 |
Control |
5.25 |
5.25 |
5.50 |
5.50 |
5.50 |
5.50 |
5.50 |
5.50 |
5.75 |
5.75 |
5.50 |
10 |
9.3 |
0.93 |
Number of Juveniles in the Control and Test Group after 21 d
Nominal Test Item Concentration [mg/L] |
No. of Parents producing Juveniles |
Mean No. of Juveniles per Parent producing Juveniles |
Compared versus Control |
|
|||||||||||||||
Number of Juveniles in Replicate No. |
Total |
|
|||||||||||||||||
No. |
|
||||||||||||||||||
CV |
Red. |
Stat. |
|
||||||||||||||||
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
8 |
9 |
10 |
å |
N |
MV ± SD |
[%] |
[%] |
|
||||
1.00 (Saturated solution) |
120 |
102 |
118 |
126 |
118 |
118 |
134 |
126 |
133 |
115 |
1210 |
10 |
121 ± 9 |
8 |
4 |
no |
|
||
Control |
125 |
125 |
122 |
123 |
119 |
126 |
114 |
117 |
153 |
136 |
1260 |
10 |
126 ± 11 |
9 |
— |
Mortality [%] of the Adult Daphnids after 7, 14 and 21 d of Exposure
(n = 10)
Nominal Test Item Concentration |
Mortality [%] |
||
7 days |
14 days |
21 days |
|
1.00 (Saturated solution) |
0 |
0 |
0 |
Control |
0 |
0 |
0 |
First Appearance of Living Juveniles in the Individual Groups
Nominal Test Item Concentration [mg/L] |
Day of First Appearance of Living Juveniles |
First Appearance Mean Day |
|||||||||
in Replicate No. |
|||||||||||
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
8 |
9 |
10 |
||
1.00 (Saturated solution) |
9 |
8 |
9 |
9 |
9 |
8 |
8 |
9 |
9 |
8 |
8.6 |
Control |
8 |
9 |
8 |
8 |
8 |
8 |
8 |
9 |
9 |
9 |
8.4 |
Total Length and Dry Weight of the Parental Daphnids
Nominal Test Item Concentration |
Total Length of the Parental Daphnids [mm] |
MV |
N |
Dry Weight [mg] |
|||||||||||
Replicate No. |
|||||||||||||||
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
8 |
9 |
10 |
[mm] |
Stat. |
Sum |
MV |
||
1.00 (Saturated solution) |
5.75 |
5.50 |
5.50 |
5.25 |
5.75 |
5.00 |
5.50 |
5.25 |
5.50 |
5.50 |
5.45 |
no |
10 |
10.3 |
1.03 |
Control |
5.25 |
5.25 |
5.50 |
5.50 |
5.50 |
5.50 |
5.50 |
5.50 |
5.75 |
5.75 |
5.50 |
— |
10 |
9.3 |
0.93 |
N = number of parental daphnids alive
Stat. = statistically significant difference
no = no statsitically significant difference
Number of Juveniles in the Control and Test Group after 21 d
Nominal Test Item Concentration [mg/L] |
No. of Parents producing Juveniles |
Mean No. of Juveniles per Parent producing Juveniles |
Compared versus Control |
|
|||||||||||||||
Number of Juveniles in Replicate No. |
Total |
|
|||||||||||||||||
No. |
|
||||||||||||||||||
CV |
Red. |
Stat. |
|
||||||||||||||||
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
8 |
9 |
10 |
å |
N |
MV ± SD |
[%] |
[%] |
|
||||
1.00 (Saturated solution) |
128 |
120 |
121 |
103 |
117 |
121 |
136 |
144 |
126 |
118 |
1234 |
10 |
123 ± 11 |
9 |
2 |
no |
|
||
Control |
125 |
125 |
122 |
123 |
119 |
126 |
114 |
117 |
153 |
136 |
1260 |
10 |
126 ± 11 |
9 |
— |
Mortality [%] of the Adult Daphnids after 7, 14 and 21 d of Exposure
(n = 10)
Nominal Test Item Concentration |
Mortality [%] |
||
7 days |
14 days |
21 days |
|
1.00 (Saturated solution) |
0 |
0 |
0 |
Control |
0 |
0 |
0 |
Relative Number of Dead (Stillborn + Aborted Eggs) to Total Number of Juveniles
Nominal |
Number of Juveniles |
Percentage of |
||
Dead |
Alive |
Total |
||
1.00 (Saturated solution |
2 |
1234 |
1236 |
1 |
Control |
0 |
1260 |
1260 |
0 |
First Appearance of Living Juveniles in the Individual Groups
Nominal Test Item Concentration [mg/L] |
Day of First Appearance of Living Juveniles |
First Appearance Mean Day |
|||||||||
in Replicate No. |
|||||||||||
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
8 |
9 |
10 |
||
1.00 (Saturated solution) |
8 |
8 |
8 |
9 |
9 |
8 |
9 |
9 |
8 |
9 |
8.5 |
Control |
8 |
9 |
8 |
8 |
8 |
8 |
8 |
9 |
9 |
9 |
8.4 |
Total Length and Dry Weight of the Parental Daphnids
Nominal Test Item Concentration |
Total Length of the Parental Daphnids [mm] |
MV |
N |
Dry Weight [mg] |
||||||||||
Replicate No. |
||||||||||||||
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
8 |
9 |
10 |
[mm] |
S |
MV |
||
1.00 (Saturated solution) |
5.25 |
5.25 |
5.25 |
5.50 |
5.50 |
5.25 |
5.75 |
5.75 |
5.50 |
5.50 |
5.45 |
10 |
10.1 |
1.01 |
Control |
5.25 |
5.25 |
5.50 |
5.50 |
5.50 |
5.50 |
5.50 |
5.50 |
5.75 |
5.75 |
5.50 |
10 |
9.3 |
0.93 |
Description of key information
At the saturated test item solution (P036 bulk) with 1.00 mg test item/L no biologically or statistically significant effects were determined. The No Observed Effect Concentration (NOEC) and the Lowest Observed Effect Concentration (LOEC) were as follows:
NOEC : 1.00 mg/L
LOEC : > 1.00 mg/L
At the saturated test item solution (PY154 bulk) with 1.00 mg test item/L no biologically or statistically significant effects were determined. The No Observed Effect Concentration (NOEC) and the Lowest Observed Effect Concentration (LOEC) were as follows:
NOEC : 1.00 mg/L
LOEC : > 1.00 mg/L
Due to the very poor solubility of the test item, quantitative analytical determination was precluded (below LOQ)
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Additional information
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