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EC number: 231-634-8 | CAS number: 7664-39-3
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Eye irritation
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- eye irritation: in vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 1980
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- comparable to guideline study with acceptable restrictions
Cross-reference
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
Reference
- Endpoint:
- skin irritation: in vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Study period:
- 1980
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study with acceptable restrictions
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 404 (Acute Dermal Irritation / Corrosion)
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Species:
- rabbit
- Strain:
- New Zealand White
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- Male and female New Zealand white rabbits, weighing between 3 and 4 kg. Obtained from Hacking and Churchill Ltd, Huntingon, England. The rabbits were housed singly in standard cages and provided with standard food and water ad libitum.
- Type of coverage:
- occlusive
- Preparation of test site:
- shaved
- Vehicle:
- unchanged (no vehicle)
- Controls:
- no
- Amount / concentration applied:
- Approximately 0.5 ml of the substance was soaked onto small fabric patches (3x3cm in size)
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 4 hours
- Observation period:
- 7 days
- Number of animals:
- 6
- Details on study design:
- The flank of 6 rabbits was shaved using electric clippers, 24 hours later a small patch (3x3cm) soaked on 0.5ml of the test substance was applied to the skin. The patch was held in place for 4 hours with plasters. After exposure the patches were removed and the skin washed with water and dried. The rabbits were observed for 7 days. Assessments were made 2, 24, 48, 72 hours and 7 days after patch removal. Test sites were scored for erythema and eschar formation, and oedema formation according to the Draize system.
- Irritation parameter:
- overall irritation score
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- other: mean across all 5 time points
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 0
- Remarks on result:
- other: 0.13% HF
- Irritation parameter:
- overall irritation score
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- other: mean across all 5 time points
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 0
- Remarks on result:
- other: 1.06% HF
- Irritant / corrosive response data:
- All rabbits were assigned a score of 0 for erthythema/eschar formation and oedema formation at all time points following 4 hours dermal exposure to 0.13% and 1.06% HF.
- Other effects:
- No other effects were found.
- Interpretation of results:
- not irritating
- Remarks:
- Migrated information Criteria used for interpretation of results: not specified
- Conclusions:
- 0.13% and 1.06% hydrofluoric acid is not irritating to the intact skin of rabbits.
- Executive summary:
The potential skin irritant effect of hydrofluoric acid (HF) was assessed in New Zealand White rabbits. 0.13% or 1.06% aqueous solutions of HF were applied to the intact, shaved flank skin of the rabbits. The skin was shaved 24 hours prior to test substance application. A small fabric patch was soaked in 0.5 ml of HF, applied to the skin and fixed in place for 4 hours. After removal the skin was washed and dried. The test sites were assessed for erythema and eschar formation and oedema formation, according to the Draize scoring system, at 2, 24, 48, 72 hours and 7 days after patch removal. No effects on substance adminsitration were seen, therefore 0.13% and 1.06% hydrofluoric acid is not irritating to the intact skin of rabbits.
No further information.
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 1 980
- Report date:
- 1980
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 405 (Acute Eye Irritation / Corrosion)
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Hydrogen fluoride
- EC Number:
- 231-634-8
- EC Name:
- Hydrogen fluoride
- Cas Number:
- 7664-39-3
- Molecular formula:
- FH
- IUPAC Name:
- hydrogen fluoride
- Details on test material:
- Flußsäure (hydrofluoric acid). In a 1.06 or 0.13% solution
Constituent 1
Test animals / tissue source
- Species:
- rabbit
- Strain:
- New Zealand White
- Details on test animals or tissues and environmental conditions:
- Male and female New Zealand white rabbits, weighing between 3 and 4 kg. Obtained from Hacking and Churchill Ltd, Huntingon, England. The rabbits were housed singly in standard cages and provided with standard food and water ad libitum.
Test system
- Vehicle:
- unchanged (no vehicle)
- Controls:
- yes, concurrent no treatment
- Amount / concentration applied:
- 100 µl was administered into the conjunctival sac of the healthy eyes of 3 rabbits (test substance was administered to one eye per rabbit).
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- The test substance was administered to the eye and was not washed out.
- Observation period (in vivo):
- 7 days
- Number of animals or in vitro replicates:
- 3 per HF concentration (6 in total)
- Details on study design:
- 100 µl of the sample were applied to each of 3 rabbits in the conjunctival sac of a healthy eye. The rabbits were observed for 7 days. The other eye served as the untreated control. The treated eye was not washed out. The eyes were examined after one hour and after 24, 48 and 72 hours, and after 6 and 7 days. The cornea, iris, and conjunctiva (redness, swelling and ulceration) were scored according to the USA Fed. Reg. guidelines (1972).
Results and discussion
In vivo
Resultsopen allclose all
- Irritation parameter:
- cornea opacity score
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- other: 1 hour
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 0
- Remarks on result:
- other: 0.13% HF
- Irritation parameter:
- iris score
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- other: 1 hour
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 0
- Remarks on result:
- other: 0.13% HF
- Irritation parameter:
- conjunctivae score
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- other: 1 hour
- Score:
- 0.2
- Max. score:
- 1
- Remarks on result:
- other: 0.13% HF
- Irritation parameter:
- cornea opacity score
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- other: 1 hour
- Score:
- 1
- Max. score:
- 1
- Reversibility:
- not fully reversible within: 7 d
- Remarks on result:
- other: 1.06% HF
- Irritation parameter:
- iris score
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- other: 1 hour
- Score:
- 1.3
- Max. score:
- 2
- Reversibility:
- not fully reversible within: 7 d
- Remarks on result:
- other: 1.06% HF
- Irritation parameter:
- conjunctivae score
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- other: 1 hour
- Score:
- 1.3
- Max. score:
- 2
- Reversibility:
- not fully reversible within: 7 d
- Remarks on result:
- other: 1.06% HF
- Irritant / corrosive response data:
- At 0.13% two out of three rabbits showed a slightly marked, rapidly reversible conjunctival reaction (slight redness) (Table 1).
At 1.06% the substance caused a mild to moderate swelling, in 2 out of 3 animals the effect was longer lasting and the iris was slightly swollen and reddened. In 2 out of 3 animals the cornea was clouded and in 1 animal remained clouded for the entire observation period (Table 2). - Other effects:
- No other effects reported
Any other information on results incl. tables
Table 1. Scores assigned to rabbits in the 0.13% HF group
Animal |
Area |
Time since application of substance |
|||||
1 h |
24 h |
2 d |
3 d |
6 d |
7 d |
||
1 |
Cornea |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
Iris |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
CR |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
CS |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
CU |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
2 |
Cornea |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
Iris |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
CR |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
CS |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
CU |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
3 |
Cornea |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
Iris |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
CR |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
CS |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
CU |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
CR = Conjunctival redness
CS = Conjunctival swelling
CU = Conjunctival ulceration
Table 2. Scores assigned to rabbits in the 1.06% HF group.
Animal |
Area |
Time since application of substance |
|||||
1 h |
24 h |
2 d |
3 d |
6 d |
7 d |
||
1 |
Cornea |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
Iris |
2 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
|
CR |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
|
CS |
2 |
2 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
|
CU |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
2 |
Cornea |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
Iris |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
|
CR |
2 |
2 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
|
CS |
2 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
|
CU |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
3 |
Cornea |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
Iris |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
CR |
2 |
2 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
|
CS |
2 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
|
CU |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
CR = Conjunctival redness
CS = Conjunctival swelling
CU = Conjunctival ulceration
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Interpretation of results:
- moderately irritating
- Remarks:
- Migrated information Criteria used for interpretation of results: US CPSC / US FDA
- Conclusions:
- 1% hydrofluoric acid is moderately irritating to the eyes of rabbits, with a risk of causing corneal clouding.
- Executive summary:
The potential eye irritant effects of hydrofluoric acid were determined. Aqueous solutions of 0.13% and 1.06% were tested. The acid was added into the conjunctival sac of the healthy eyes of 3 rabbits, the other eye served as the untreated control. The test substance was not washed out after application. The eyes were assessed for irritation of the cornea, iris and conjunctiva according to the USA Fed. Reg. (1972). The 0.13% solution was not a primary irritant to the eye. The 1.06% solution was regarded as moderately irritating, with a risk of corneal clouding.
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