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EC number: 237-222-4 | CAS number: 13701-59-2
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Ecotoxicological Summary
Administrative data
Hazard for aquatic organisms
Freshwater
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- PNEC aqua (freshwater)
- PNEC value:
- 0.008 mg/L
- Assessment factor:
- 1 000
- Extrapolation method:
- assessment factor
Marine water
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- PNEC aqua (marine water)
- PNEC value:
- 0.001 mg/L
- Assessment factor:
- 10 000
- Extrapolation method:
- assessment factor
STP
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- PNEC STP
- PNEC value:
- 10 mg/L
- Assessment factor:
- 10
- Extrapolation method:
- assessment factor
Sediment (freshwater)
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- PNEC sediment (freshwater)
- PNEC value:
- 0.055 mg/kg sediment dw
- Extrapolation method:
- equilibrium partitioning method
Sediment (marine water)
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- PNEC sediment (marine water)
- PNEC value:
- 0.006 mg/kg sediment dw
- Extrapolation method:
- equilibrium partitioning method
Hazard for air
Air
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Hazard for terrestrial organisms
Soil
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- PNEC soil
- PNEC value:
- 0.006 mg/kg soil dw
- Extrapolation method:
- equilibrium partitioning method
Hazard for predators
Secondary poisoning
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no potential for bioaccumulation
Additional information
Acute data is available for freshwater fish, Daphnia magna and algae. An activated sludge respiration inhibition test is also available. Aquatic PNECs were derived from the lowest freshwater L(E)C50, the ErC50 of 7.8 mg/L for the freshwater algae Selenestrum capricornutum.
PNECfreshwater = 0.0078 mg/L
PNECmarine = 0.00078 mg/L
PNECs for freshwater and marine sediment were calculated from the PNECfreshwater using the equilibrium partitioning method (EPM). Calculations were made based on a molecular weight of 222 g/mol, a vapour pressure of 0.0001079 Pa, a water solubility of 822 mg/L at 25oC, and a Koc of 34 (calculated from a log Kow of 1). EPM PNECs are considered to be conservative and worst-case for the risk assessment.
PNECfreshwater sediment = 0.0551 mg/kg dw
PNECmarine sediment = 0.00551 mg/kg dw
The PNEC for soil was also calculated by equilibrium partitioning from the values outlined above.
PNECsoil = 0.00645 mg/kg dw
The PNECstp was calculated using the NOEC from the activated sludge respiration inhibition test and an assessment factor of 10.
PNECstp = 10 mg/L
It was not considered necessary to derive PNECs for air or secondary poisoning as there is no hazard for these compartments.
Conclusion on classification
As the lowest acute L(E)C50 is 7.8 mg/L, the substance does not meet the requirements for classification as acutely toxic to the aquatic environment.
No chronic data is available. As an inorganic metal the substance cannot be considered to be rapidly biodegradable as biodegradability is not relevant in this case. For a standard organic chemical this might lead to a classification as toxic to the aquatic environment, chronic category 2. However in this case further consideration should be given.
The toxicity of the test substance in acute studies is likely to be driven by the availability of dissociated barium ions which react with biological systems to manifest effects. Dissociated barium is known to be highly reactive in the environment.
However once emitted to the environment barium ions will not exist in their ionic state due to their high level of reactivity. Thus upon contact with organic fractions such as humic acid the barium ions will react to form barium metallic complexes which are common in the environment, are generally non-toxic and are essentially inert.
As such the test substances itself and its dissociation products (notably barium ions) will not exist beyond the short term in the environment and will rapidly react with organic molecules to form unreactive barium complexes. Given this, though the barium ions may cause toxic effects in the short term, long terms effects are not expected as bioavailability of the emitted barium will be limited once it reacts in the environment.
As such long term exposure or persistence are not foreseen and thus a chronic classification is not proposed.
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