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EC number: 601-147-9 | CAS number: 111988-49-9
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to terrestrial arthropods
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to terrestrial arthropods: long-term
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 05 Aug - 07 Sep 2011
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 232 (Collembolan Reproduction Test in Soil)
- Version / remarks:
- 2009
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Application method:
- mixed into soil
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on preparation and application of test substrate:
- - Method of mixing into soil or dung:
50 mL stock solutions containing the test item and artificial water was thoroughly mixed into 500 g artificial dry weight artificial soil of each application rate using a laboratory mixer. The control group was treated first in the same way as described above but with 50 mL deionised water only.
- Controls: deionised water only
- Volume of test solution applied: 50 mL - Test organisms (species):
- Folsomia candida
- Animal group:
- Collembola (soil-dwelling springtail)
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: springtail
- Source: laboratory culture (originally obtained from Ibacon, Institute for Analytic and Consulting, Rossdorf, Germany)
- Age at test initiation: 10-12 days
- Kept according to standard practices: yes - Study type:
- laboratory study
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 28 d
- Test temperature:
- 20 °C ± 2
- pH (if soil or dung study):
- 5.61 - 5.72
- Humidity:
- 19.27 - 20.35 % water content
47.11 - 50.44 WHCmax - Photoperiod and lighting:
- Photoperiod: 16:8 h light:dark (400 - 800 lux)
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test container (material, size): glass vessels (volume 140 mL, diameter 5 cm, height 7 cm)
- Amount of soil or dung or substrate: 30 g ww
- No. of organisms per container (treatment): 10
- No. of replicates per treatment group: 4
- No. of replicates per control: 8
SOURCE AND PROPERTIES OF SUBSTRATE
- Soil texture (if natural soil)
- % sand:
- % silt:
- % clay:
- Soil taxonomic classification:
- Soil classification system:
- Composition (if artificial substrate): 74.8 % fine quartz sand (sort F 36, particle size 0.2 – 0.05 mm = 91.35 %), - 5 % Sphagnum peat, air dried and finely ground, 20 % Kaolin clay (content of Kaolinite: Al2Si2O5(OH)4) = 30.2 %), approximately 0.2 % Calcium carbonate (CaCO3)
- Maximum water holding capacity (in % dry weight): 50.67%
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Photoperiod: 16:8 h light:dark
- Light intensity: 400 - 800 lux
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) : surviving adults and living juveniles (after 28 d)
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: approx. 1.78
- Range finding study
- Test concentrations: 0.44, 2.22, 4.42, 44.24, 442.48 and 4424.78 mg test item/kg soil dw
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: LC50 = 4.42 - 44.24 mg test item/kg soil dw - Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal concentrations: 0 (control), 4.4, 7.9, 14.0, 24.9 and 44.3 mg test item/kg soil dw (≙ 1.0, 1.8, 3.2, 5.6 and 10 mg a.i./kg soil dw)
- Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- Boric acid
- Duration:
- 28 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 3.16 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Remarks on result:
- other: Recalculated based on test item purity of 22.6%
- Duration:
- 28 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 3.6 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Remarks on result:
- other: Recalculated based on test item purity of 22.6%
- Duration:
- 28 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 14 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Duration:
- 28 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 15.9 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95 % C.I.: 8.4 - 20.2 mg test item/kg soil dw
- Details on results:
- - Mortality at end of exposure period: control: 9% treatment group: 20 - 50%
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- - Results with reference substance valid? yes
The result is in the recommended range of the guideline (about 100 mg Boric acid/kg artificial soil dry weight)
- Relevant effect levels: EC50 = 91 mg/kg soil dw
- Other: NOECreproduction = 44 mg/kg soil dw - Reported statistics and error estimates:
- The software used to perform the statistical analysis was ToxRat Professional 2.10 released February 20, 2010, (Ratte, 2010). Data of reproduction were tested for normal distribution and homogeneity of variance using Kolmogorov - Smirnov -Test and Cochran’s -Test (α = 0.05) respectively. Data of reproduction were normally distributed and homogeneity of variances was given. Therefore William's-t test (one-sided-smaller, α = 0.05) was used to determine NOEC and LOEC values. The LC10, 20, 50 values were determined by Probit analysis.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Remarks:
- For further, details, please refer to 'Any other information on results incl. tables'.
- Conclusions:
- The EC10 (28 d) was determined to be 15.9 mg test item /kg soil dw, corresponding to 3.6 mg a.i./kg soil dw (nominal) in a collembolan reproduction test with Folsomia candida (OECD 232).
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to terrestrial arthropods: long-term
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Study period:
- 05 - 29 Aug 2011
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 226 (Predatory Mite (Hypoaspis (Geolaelaps) Aculeifer) Reproduction Test in Soil)
- Version / remarks:
- 2008
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- 15 days of exposition instead of 14 days. This deviation have no impact on the outcome of the study.
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Application method:
- mixed into soil
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Vehicle:
- no
- Test organisms (species):
- Hypoaspis aculeifer
- Animal group:
- Acari (soil-dwelling predatory mite)
- Study type:
- laboratory study
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 15 d
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal concentrations: 0 (control), 100, 178, 316, 562 and 1000 mg test item/kg soil dw
- Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- dimethoate
- Toxic reference:
- LC50 = 4.051 mg a.i./kg soil dw
NOECreproduction = 3.156 mg a.i./kg soil dw - Duration:
- 15 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 71.4 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Remarks on result:
- other: Recalculated based on test item purity of 22.6%
- Duration:
- 15 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 316 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Duration:
- 15 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 226 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Remarks on result:
- other: Recalculated based on test item purity of 22.6%
- Duration:
- 15 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 1 000 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- The NOEC (15 d) was determined to be 316 mg test item/kg soil dw, corresponding to 71.4 mg a.i./kg soil dw (nominal) in an reproduction test in soil with predatory mite Hypoaspis aculeifer (OECD 226).
Referenceopen allclose all
Table 1: Survival of adult collembolans after 4 weeeks (n=10/replicate)
|
mg test item (mg a.i.)/kg artificial soil dry weight |
|||||
Replicates 1) |
Control |
4.4 (1.0) |
7.9 (1.8) |
14.0 (3.2) |
24.9 (5.6) |
44.3 (10.0) |
1 |
10 |
10 |
6 |
8 |
7 |
7 |
2 |
9 |
7 |
3 |
9 |
7 |
5 |
3 |
8 |
7 |
5 |
7 |
7 |
7 |
4 |
9 |
8 |
6 |
5 |
7 |
5 |
5 |
9 |
|
|
|
|
|
6 |
10 |
|
|
|
|
|
7 |
10 |
|
|
|
|
|
8 |
8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mean 2) |
9.1 |
8.0 |
5.0 |
7.3 |
7.0 |
6.0 |
SD 2) |
0.8 |
1.4 |
1.4 |
1.7 |
0.0 |
1.2 |
% Mortality 3) |
8.8 |
20.0 |
50.0 |
27.5 |
30.0 |
40.0 |
Calculations were done with un-rounded values.
1surviving adult/replicate, each vessel contained a total of 10 collembolans at the test start
2mean and standard deviation (SD) of 8 replicates of the control group and 4 replicates for the treatment groups
3formula: ((initial placed organisms per vessel – mean of surviving adults per vessel) / 10) * 100
Table 2: Reproduction of the collembolans after 4 weeks treatment (juveniles/replicate)
|
mg test item (mg a.i.)/kg artificial soil dry weight |
|||||
Replicates1) |
Control |
4.4 (1.0) |
7.9 (1.8) |
14.0 (3.2) |
24.9 (5.6) |
44.3 (10.0) |
1 |
1173 |
1202 |
1603 |
1315 |
895 |
183 |
2 |
1340 |
1146 |
1329 |
1372 |
1077 |
274 |
3 |
1383 |
1280 |
1539 |
1326 |
805 |
227 |
4 |
1539 |
1509 |
1216 |
1225 |
771 |
277 |
5 |
1409 |
|
|
|
|
|
6 |
1435 |
|
|
|
|
|
7 |
1490 |
|
|
|
|
|
8 |
1505 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mean2) |
1409.3 |
1284.3 |
1421.8 |
1309.5 |
887.0 |
240.3 |
SD2) |
116.2 |
159.6 |
180.3 |
61.5 |
137.0 |
44.5 |
CV3) |
8.2 |
|
|
|
|
|
% of Control4) |
- |
91.1 |
100.9 |
92.9 |
62.9 |
17.0 |
Statistics |
- |
n.s. |
n.s. |
n.s. |
* |
* |
Calculations were done with un-rounded values
1 juveniles produced per test vessel, each test vessel contained a total of 10 collembolans at the test start
2 mean and standard deviation (SD) of 8 replicates of the control group and 4 replicates for the
treatment groups
3 Coefficient of variation
4 formula: mean number of juveniles per treatment group * 100 / mean number of juveniles per control group
- = not applicable
* = significantly different compared to the control (William's T-test, one-sided-smaller, α = 0.05)
n.s. = not significantly different compared to the control (William's T-test, one-sided-smaller, α = 0.05)
Table 3: Validity criteria for OECD 232
Criterion from the guideline |
Outcome |
Validity criterion fulfilled |
Mean adult mortality should not exceed 20% at the end of the test |
8.8% |
yes |
The mean number of juveniles per vessel should be at least 100 at the end of the test |
1173 - 1539 |
yes |
The coefficient of variation calculated for the number of juveniles should be less than 30% at the end of the definitive test. |
8.2 |
yes |
Description of key information
NOEC (28 d) = 3.16 mg/kg soil dw (nominal, Folsomia candida, OECD 232)
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Long-term EC10, LC10 or NOEC for soil dwelling arthropods:
- 3.16 mg/kg soil dw
Additional information
Several studies are available assessing the toxicity of 3-(2-chlor-5-pyridyl-methyl)-cyanimino-1,3-thiazolidin to terrestrial arthropods.
In the key study, 10 organisms of Folsomia candida (10 - 12 days old) per replicate (8 replicates for the control group and 4 replicates for each treatment group) were exposed to control (water treated), and 4.4, 7.9, 14.0, 24.9 and 44.3 mg test item/kg soil dw (corresponding to 1.0, 1.8, 3.2, 5.6, and 10 mg a.i./kg soil dw) according to OECD 232. Mortality and reproduction were determined after 28 days. In the control group mortality was 8.8 %. A mortality of 50 % was observed in the treatment group with 7.9 mg test item/kg soil dw but is not considered test item related since mortality was lower in the higher treatment groups. The NOEC (28 d ) for reproduction was determined to be 14.0 mg test item/kg soil dw corresponding to 3.16 mg a.i./kg soil dw (nominal, recalculated based on test item purity).
A further study with soil dwelling organisms is supporting this result. The study was performed with predatory mite (Hypoaspis aculeifer) according OECD 226. Female mites were exposed to control and treatments concentrations of between 100 and 1000 mg test item/kg soil dw for 15 days. The derived NOEC (15 d) was determined to be 316 mg test item/kg soil dw, corresponding to 71.4 mg a.i./kg soil dw (nominal).
In addition, several studies assessing the toxicity of 3-(2-chlor-5-pyridyl-methyl)-cyanimino-1,3-thiazolidin on bees are available.
In a study performed according to EPPO guideline No. 170 and Apis mellifera, the oral LD50 (10 d) was determined to be 17.32 µg/bee and the contact LD50 (10 d) was obtained to be 38.82 µg/bee.
Another study determined the toxixity of the target substance according to the OECD Draft Test Guideline on Honey Bee (Apis mellifera) Larval Toxicity Test in first instar larvae of A. mellifera. The No Observed Effect Dose (NOED, 4 d) determined in this in vitro honey bee larvae study was 1.78 µg a.i./larva and the LD50 (4 d) was determined to be > 5.34 µg a.i./larva.
Two further studies determined the chronic effects of the target substance on adult honey bee A. mellifera L., in 10 days continuous feedings test in the laboratory. In the first study, the NOEC (10 d) for lethal effects was determined to be 29 mg a.i./kg. The LC50 (10 d) was calculated to be 50.9 mg a.i./kg diet. In the second study the NOEC (10 d) was 10000 µg a.i./L at the end of the test period, which is equivalent to a NOEC (10 d) of 8130 µg a.i./kg diet. Based on the amount of food consumed this equates to a NOED (mortality) of ≥ 0.37 µg a.i./bee/day.
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