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EC number: 255-965-2 | CAS number: 42844-93-9
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2015-09-23 to 2015-09-25
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: According to OECD 202 and GLP
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 016
- Report date:
- 2016
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- [1,3-dihydro-5,6-bis[[(2-hydroxy-1-naphthyl)methylene]amino]-2H-benzimidazol-2-onato(2-)-N5,N6,O5,O6]nickel
- EC Number:
- 255-965-2
- EC Name:
- [1,3-dihydro-5,6-bis[[(2-hydroxy-1-naphthyl)methylene]amino]-2H-benzimidazol-2-onato(2-)-N5,N6,O5,O6]nickel
- Cas Number:
- 42844-93-9
- Molecular formula:
- C29H18N4NiO3
- IUPAC Name:
- Nickel, [1,3-dihydro-5,6-bis[[[2-(hydroxy-kO)-1-naphthalenyl]methylene]amino-kN]-2H-benzimidazol-2-onato(2-)]-, (SP-4-2)-
- Test material form:
- solid: nanoform
Constituent 1
Sampling and analysis
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
Test solutions
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- Preparation of the saturated solution
The saturated solution (1.00 mg/L test item was weighed out) was
prepared with dilution water (see below) two days prior to the start of the exposure (0 hours).
Treatment
The test item was dispersed in the dilution water by stirring with approximately 1100 rpm for 48 hours at room temperature. After completion of stirring, the
test item dispersion was filtered with a membrane filter (0.45 µm, RC, MACHEREY-NAGEL) to achieve the saturated solution. Centrifugation was found to be
unsuitable.
Test concentration
The effects of the saturated solution of the test item were tested in a limit test.
Control
Dilution water without test item exposed under the same conditions as the test groups.
Test organisms
- Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- Test system
Daphnia magna STRAUS (Clone 5)
Reason for the selection of the test system
Daphnia magna is the preferred species in accordance with the test guideline and is bred at the test facility.
Origin
Institut für Wasser-, Boden- und Lufthygiene (WaBoLu), 14195 Berlin
Breeder
DR.U.NOACK-LABORATORIEN, Käthe-Paulus-Str. 1, 31157 Sarstedt, Germany
Culture
In glass vessels (2 - 3 L capacity) with approximately 1.8 L culture medium, at 20 2°C, in an incubator, 16 hours illumination, light intensity of
max. 20 µEm-2 s-1
Culture medium
Elendt M4, according to ELENDT (1990), modified to a total hardness of 160 to 180 mg CaCO3/L, is used. The composition of the culture medium is presented
in Table 2.
Culture feeding
The culture daphnids are fed at least 5 times per week ad libitum with a mix of unicellular green algae, e.g. Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata and Desmodesmus subspicatus, with an algae cell density of > 106 cells/mL. The algae are cultured at the test facility.
Origin of the food algae
Sammlung von Algenkulturen (SAG), Pflanzenphysiologisches Institut der Universität Göttingen, Nikolausberger Weg 18, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
Study design
- Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- yes
- Total exposure duration:
- 48 h
Test conditions
- Hardness:
- 2015-09-23 (0h) 274 mg/L CaCO3
- Test temperature:
- 18 - 22°C, constant within ± 1°C
2015-09-23 20.4°C - pH:
- Water Quality Parameters at the Start of the Exposure (0 hours)
(measured in one additional replicate (without daphnids) of the saturated solution and the control)
PV-Echtorange 6RL
Nominal loading
of the test item
[mg/L] pH-value Dissolved O2 concentration[ mg/L]
1.00
(Saturated solution) 7.98 6.89
Control 7.99 8.62
Water Quality Parameters at the End of the Exposure (48 hours)
(measured in all replicates (containing daphnids) of the saturated solution and the control)
PV-Echtorange 6RL
Nominal loading
of the test item
[mg/L] pH-values Dissolved O2 concentration [mg/L]
Replicates Replicates
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
1.00
(Saturated solution) 7.82 7.83 7.84 7.85 8.41 8.47 8.56 8.58
Control 7.73 7.78 7.81 7.83 8.64 8.68 8.71 8.70 - Dissolved oxygen:
- Water Quality Parameters at the start of the Exposure (0 hours)
(measured in one additional replicate per loading level and control)
Water Quality Parameters at the Start of the Exposure (0 hours)
(measured in one additional replicate (without daphnids) of the saturated solution and the control)
PV-Echtorange 6RL
Nominal loading
of the test item
[mg/L] pH-value Dissolved O2 concentration[ mg/L]
1.00
(Saturated solution) 7.98 6.89
Control 7.99 8.62
Water Quality Parameters at the End of the Exposure (48 hours)
(measured in all replicates (containing daphnids) of the saturated solution and the control)
PV-Echtorange 6RL
Nominal loading
of the test item
[mg/L] pH-values Dissolved O2 concentration [mg/L]
Replicates Replicates
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
1.00
(Saturated solution) 7.82 7.83 7.84 7.85 8.41 8.47 8.56 8.58
Control 7.73 7.78 7.81 7.83 8.64 8.68 8.71 8.70 - Details on test conditions:
- Test method
Static procedure
Test duration
48 hours
Test vessels
Glass beakers (4 (ID) cm x 7 (H) cm), 50 mL capacity, loosely covered with watch glasses
Test volume
20 mL
Dilution water ISO Test water, according to OECD 202, Annex 3
Component Concentration [mg/L]
KCl 5.75
NaHCO3 64.8
CaCl2 2 H2O 294
MgSO4 7 H2O 123
Number of daphnids
20 daphnids, divided into 4 replicates, each with 5 daphnids were and replicates used for the saturated solution and the control.
Age of the daphnidsat the start of the exposure
2 to 24 hours old daphnids from a healthy stock were used for the study. Juvenile daphnids were removed from the culture vessels latest 22 hours before the start of the exposure and discarded. The juveniles born within this period of max. 22 hours preceding the exposure were used for the test after an
acclimatisoation phase of at least 2 hours in the dilution water. No first brood progeny was used for the test
Acclimatisation
At least 2 hours in dilution water
Application
Per replicate, 20 g test solution were weighed out into the test vessel. This corresponds to 20 mL per test vessel. The daphnids were inserted with a small
amount of dilution water by a pipette.
Test temperature (target)
18 - 22°C, constant within ± 1°C
Illumination (target)
Diffuse light, light intensity of max. 20 µEm-2 s-1 (max. 1340 lx)
Photoperiod (target)
16/8 hours light/dark cycle
Feeding
The daphnids were not fed during the study. - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- Potassium dichromate
Results and discussion
Effect concentrationsopen allclose all
- Duration:
- 24 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EL10
- Effect conc.:
- > 1 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: immobilisation
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EL10
- Effect conc.:
- > 1 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: immobilisation
- Duration:
- 24 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EL50
- Effect conc.:
- > 1 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: immobilisation
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EL50
- Effect conc.:
- > 1 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: immobilisation
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- other: NOEL
- Effect conc.:
- 1 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: immobilisation
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- other: LOEL
- Effect conc.:
- > 1 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: immobilisation
- Duration:
- 24 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EL100
- Effect conc.:
- > 1 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: immobilisation
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EL100
- Effect conc.:
- > 1 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: immobilisation
- Details on results:
- See below
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- A reference test was conducted as an acute immobilisation test (acc. to AQS P 9/2 and OECD 202) under static conditions with a test duration of 24 hours once per month in order to prove the validity of the test system and test conditions at the test facility. The results of the most recent test are presented in section 8.2.
Reference item Potassium dichromate p.a. (SIGMA)
Purity 100.0 %
Batch No. MKBQ9179V
Storage stability 2015-12-29
Test concentrations 1.00 – 2.00 – 4.00 mg/L
Ranges of validity 0.6 mg/L < EC50 (24 h) < 2.4 mg/L, according to AQS P 9/2 (clone 5),
0.6 mg/L < EC50 (24 h) < 2.1 mg/L, according to OECD 202 (clone A)
Test duration 2015-09-02 to 2015-09-03 - Reported statistics and error estimates:
- Methods of evaluation The effects of the saturated solution were deduced directly from the observed immobilisation rates. According to OECD Guidance Document No 23, if an effect cannot be detected in a test with a saturated solution, the result have to be reported as no toxic effects at saturation.
Therefore, the effect levels (NOEL, LOEL, EL10 / 50 / 100) were given based on the nominal loading of the test item.
EC-values and statistical An EC50-value was calculated only for the reference item by
analyses for reference item sigmoidal dose-response regression. The respective 95 % confidence limits for the EC50 were calculated from the standard error and the t-distribution. All calculations were carried out from the best-fit values with the software GraphPad Prism5.
An EC50 for the test item could not be calculated, since a limit test was carried out with a saturated solution of the test item resulting in 0 % immobilisation.
Software All data were computer processed and rounded for presentation. Consequently, minor variations may occur from the original figures if manual calculations based on the original figures are made subsequently. Calculations were made using the following software:
- GraphPad Prism5, GRAPHPAD SOFTWARE, INC.
- Excel, MICROSOFT CORPORATION
Any other information on results incl. tables
Composition of the Culture Medium
according toElendt(1990)
Component |
Concentration [mg/L] |
CaCl2x 2 H2O |
147 |
MgSO4x 7 H2O |
123 |
KCl |
5.80 |
NaHCO3 |
64.8 |
Na2SiO3 |
4.30 |
NaNO3 |
0.27 |
KH2PO4 |
0.14 |
K2HPO4 |
0.18 |
Na2EDTA x 2 H2O |
5.00 |
FeSO4x 7 H2O |
1.99 |
H3BO3 |
0.29 |
MnCl2x 4 H2O |
0.36 |
LiCl |
0.30 |
SrCl2x 6 H2O |
0.15 |
RbCl |
0.071 |
NaBr |
0.016 |
Na2MoO4x 2 H2O |
0.063 |
CuCl x 2 H2O |
0.017 |
ZnCl2 |
0.013 |
CoCl2x 6 H2O |
0.010 |
KJ |
0.00325 |
Na2SeO3 |
0.00219 |
NH4VO3 |
0.000575 |
Thiaminhydrochloride |
0.075 |
Cyanocobalamin |
0.0010 |
Biotin |
0.00075 |
pH |
8.2±0.8 |
ISO Test water, according to OECD 202, Annex 3
Component |
Concentration [mg/L] |
KCl |
5.75 |
NaHCO3 |
64.8 |
CaCl2×2 H2O |
294 |
MgSO4×7 H2O |
123 |
Immobilisation Rates of the definitive Testafter 24 and 48 hours of Exposure
(n = 20, divided into 4 replicates with 5 daphnids each)
PV-Echtorange 6RL Nominal loading of the test item
[mg/L] |
IMMOBILISATION [%] |
|||||||||
24 hours |
48 hours |
|||||||||
Replicates |
Replicates |
|||||||||
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
MV |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
MV |
|
1.00 (Saturated solution) |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
Control |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
Water Quality Parameters at the Start of the Exposure (0 hours)
(measured in one additional replicate (without daphnids) of the saturated solution and the control)
PV-Echtorange 6RL Nominal loading of the test item [mg/L] |
pH-value
|
Dissolved
[mg/L] |
1.00 (Saturated solution) |
7.98 |
6.89 |
Control |
7.99 |
8.62 |
Water Quality Parameters at the End of the Exposure (48 hours)
(measured in all replicates (containing daphnids) of the saturated solution and the control)
PV-Echtorange 6RL Nominal loading of the test item [mg/L] |
pH-values |
Dissolved O2concentration [mg/L] |
||||||
Replicates |
Replicates |
|||||||
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
|
1.00 (Saturated solution) |
7.82 |
7.83 |
7.84 |
7.85 |
8.41 |
8.47 |
8.56 |
8.58 |
Control |
7.73 |
7.78 |
7.81 |
7.83 |
8.64 |
8.68 |
8.71 |
8.70 |
Water Quality Parameters of the Dilution Waterprior to the Start of the Exposure (0 hours)
Dilution water dated: |
pH-value
|
Dissolved O2concentration [mg/L] |
Temperature
[°C] |
Conductivity
[µS/cm] |
Total hardness
[mg CaCO3/L] |
2015-09-23 |
7.99 |
8.62 |
20.4 |
645 |
274 |
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- In the saturated solution with a nominal loading of 1.00 mg/L of the test item no effects were observed on Daphnia magna.
- Executive summary:
Summary
In the acute immobilisation test with Daphnia magna (STRAUS), the effects of the saturated solution with a nominal loading of 1.00 mg/L of the test item were determined according to OECD 202 (2004).The limit test was conducted under static conditions over a period of 48 hours.
The test item is sparingly soluble in water (< 0.02 mg/L at 20 °C). Therefore, a saturated solution (1.00 mg/L) was prepared with dilution water (ISO test water, acc. to OECD 202, Annex 3) by stirring with approximately 1100 rpm for 48 hours at room temperature followed by filtration with a membrane filter (0.45 µm, RC,Macherey-Nagel) to remove undissolved test item and to achieve the saturated solution.Centrifugation was found to be unsuitable for removing the undissolved test item completely. The saturated solution was visually clear throughout the exposure period of 48 hours.
Twenty daphnids were exposed to the saturated solutionand the control.
No analytical monitoring was performed during the test period in agreement with the sponsor, since no suitable method for the determination of the test item could be established. No suitable column was found which is compatible for liquid chromatography.Exposures are expressed in terms of the original concentration of the test item in water at the start of the mixing period (loading rate). The EL-values are presented.
Water quality parameters (i.e. pH-value and dissolved oxygen concentration), measured at the start (0 hours) and at the end of the exposure (48 hours), were within the acceptable limits. The validity criteria of the test guideline were fulfilled.
In the saturated solution with a nominal loading of1.00 mg/Lof the test item
no effects were observed onDaphnia magna.
Table1: EL10-, EL50-EL100-Values, NOEL and LOEL
(based on the nominal loading levels of the test item)
Endpoints
Test
duration
[hours]
Nominal loading level of the test item
[mg/L]
EL10 / 50 / 100
24
> 1.00
48
> 1.00
NOEL
48
1.00
LOEL
48
> 1.00
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