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Please be aware that this old REACH registration data factsheet is no longer maintained; it remains frozen as of 19th May 2023.
The new ECHA CHEM database has been released by ECHA, and it now contains all REACH registration data. There are more details on the transition of ECHA's published data to ECHA CHEM here.
Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 205-861-8 | CAS number: 156-62-7
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicological Summary
- Administrative data
- Workers - Hazard via inhalation route
- Workers - Hazard via dermal route
- Workers - Hazard for the eyes
- Additional information - workers
- General Population - Hazard via inhalation route
- General Population - Hazard via dermal route
- General Population - Hazard via oral route
- General Population - Hazard for the eyes
- Additional information - General Population
Administrative data
Workers - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 1 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- By inhalation
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- other: based on epidemiological data
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 1
- Dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEC
- Value:
- 1 mg/m³
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEC
- Value:
- 1 mg/m³
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- based on epidemiological data
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 1
- Justification:
- based on epidemiological data
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 1
- Justification:
- based on epidemiological data
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 1
- Justification:
- based on epidemiological data
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 1
- Justification:
- based on epidemiological data
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- The quality of the whole data base is considered to be sufficient and uncritical.
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- medium hazard (no threshold derived)
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- irritation (respiratory tract)
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- medium hazard (no threshold derived)
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- irritation (respiratory tract)
DNEL related information
Workers - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 0.65 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 20
- Dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 1.3 mg/kg bw/day
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 13 mg/kg bw/day
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
In a dermal absorption human volunteer study cyanamide was applied over a 6-hour period topically to the skin of human volunteers and of the dosage applied, about 7.7% were found as acetylcyanamide in the urine 48 hours after application. For risk assessment and DNEL derivation it is assumed that dermal absorption is 10 % of oral absorption, based on these results.
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- The dose response relationship is considered unremarkable, therefore no additional factor is used.
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 1
- Justification:
- No assessment factor for duration of exposure is needed as the NOEC was derived from a chronic study.
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 4
- Justification:
- The default allometric scaling factor for the differences between rats and humans is used.
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 1
- Justification:
- Because the NOAEL is based on effects on the thyroid, and it was concluded by RAC that rodents are more sensitivity to the antithyroidal effects compared to humans, an additional interspecies AF of 2.5 (remaining differences) does not need to be applied.
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 5
- Justification:
- The default value for the relatively homogenous group "worker" is used.
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- The quality of the whole data base is considered to be sufficient and uncritical.
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- The approach used for DNEL derivation is conservative. No further assessment factors are required.
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- high hazard (no threshold derived)
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- sensitisation (skin)
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- medium hazard (no threshold derived)
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- skin irritation/corrosion
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- medium hazard (no threshold derived)
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- skin irritation/corrosion
Workers - Hazard for the eyes
Local effects
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- medium hazard (no threshold derived)
Additional information - workers
General Population - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 0.12 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- By inhalation
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- other: based on epidemiological data
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 2
- Dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEC
- Value:
- 1 mg/m³
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEC
- Value:
- 0.24 mg/m³
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
Correction of NOAEC from a worker study (8 h/day for 5 days/week) is based on the exposure for general population (24 h/day for 7 days/week):
[Calculation: NOAEC(corr) = NOAEC (worker) x (8 h/day x 5 days/week)/(24 h/day x 7 days/week)]
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- based on epidemiological data
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 1
- Justification:
- based on epidemiological data
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 1
- Justification:
- based on epidemiological data
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 1
- Justification:
- based on epidemiological data
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 2
- Justification:
- An AF of 2 is applicable as a factor of 5 for differences within workers has already been taken into account deriving the OEL
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- The approach used for DNEL derivation is conservative. No further assessment factors are required.
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- medium hazard (no threshold derived)
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- medium hazard (no threshold derived)
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- irritation (respiratory tract)
DNEL related information
General Population - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 0.325 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 40
- Dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 1.3 mg/m³
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 13 mg/kg bw/day
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
In a dermal absorption human volunteer study cyanamide was applied over a 6-hour period topically to the skin of human volunteers and of the dosage applied, about 7.7% were found as acetylcyanamide in the urine 48 hours after application. For risk assessment and DNEL derivation it is assumed that dermal absorption is 10 % of oral absorption, based on these results.
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- The dose response relationship is considered unremarkable, therefore no additional factor is used.
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 1
- Justification:
- No assessment factor for duration of exposure is needed as the NOEC was derived from a chronic study.
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 4
- Justification:
- The default allometric scaling factor for the differences between rats and humans is used.
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 1
- Justification:
- Because the NOAEL is based on effects on the thyroid, and it was concluded by RAC that rodents are more sensitivity to the antithyroidal effects compared to humans, an additional interspecies AF of 2.5 (remaining differences) does not need to be applied.
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 10
- Justification:
- The default value for the relatively homogenous group "general population" is used.
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- The quality of the whole data base is considered to be sufficient and uncritical.
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- The approach used for DNEL derivation is conservative. No further assessment factors are required.
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- high hazard (no threshold derived)
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- sensitisation (skin)
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- medium hazard (no threshold derived)
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- skin irritation/corrosion
General Population - Hazard via oral route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 0.033 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 40
- Dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 1.3 mg/kg bw/day
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- The dose response relationship is considered unremarkable, therefore no additional factor is used.
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 1
- Justification:
- No assessment factor for duration of exposure is needed as the NOEC was derived from a chronic study.
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 4
- Justification:
- The default allometric scaling factor for the differences between rats and humans is used.
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 1
- Justification:
- Because the NOAEL is based on effects on the thyroid, and it was concluded by RAC that rodents are more sensitivity to the antithyroidal effects compared to humans, an additional interspecies AF of 2.5 (remaining differences) does not need to be applied.
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 10
- Justification:
- The default value for the relatively homogenous group "general population" is used.
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- The quality of the whole data base is considered to be sufficient and uncritical.
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- The approach used for DNEL derivation is conservative. No further assessment factors are required.
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
General Population - Hazard for the eyes
Local effects
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- medium hazard (no threshold derived)
Additional information - General Population
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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