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Please be aware that this old REACH registration data factsheet is no longer maintained; it remains frozen as of 19th May 2023.
The new ECHA CHEM database has been released by ECHA, and it now contains all REACH registration data. There are more details on the transition of ECHA's published data to ECHA CHEM here.
Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 939-489-9 | CAS number: -
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicological Summary
- Administrative data
- Workers - Hazard via inhalation route
- Workers - Hazard via dermal route
- Workers - Hazard for the eyes
- Additional information - workers
- General Population - Hazard via inhalation route
- General Population - Hazard via dermal route
- General Population - Hazard via oral route
- General Population - Hazard for the eyes
- Additional information - General Population
Administrative data
Workers - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 8.8 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 10
- Dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 100 mg/kg bw/day
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEC
- Value:
- 88 mg/m³
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
- No repeated dose toxicity study by inhalation is available. Therefore an oral-to-inhalation extrapolation is done. The default factor of 2 was included.
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- default value
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 2
- Justification:
- default value for time extrapolation from subchronic to chronic study
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 1
- Justification:
- included in route to route extrapolation
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 5
- Justification:
- default value (worker)
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- GLP guideline study
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- Toxicodynamic differences between humans and rats are not assumed. Therefore the assessment factor for remaining differences is set to 1.
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Workers - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 2.5 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 40
- Dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 100 mg/kg bw/day
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 100 mg/kg bw/day
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
- No repeated dose toxicity study with dermal application is available. Therefore an oral-to-dermal extrapolation is done.
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- default value
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 2
- Justification:
- default value for time extrapolation from subchronic to chronic study
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 4
- Justification:
- default value for correction for differences in metabolic rate (rat to humans)
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 5
- Justification:
- default value (worker)
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- GLP Guideline study
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- Toxicodynamic differences between humans and rats are not assumed. Therefore the assessment factor for remaining differences is set to 1.
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- medium hazard (no threshold derived)
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- medium hazard (no threshold derived)
Workers - Hazard for the eyes
Local effects
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- medium hazard (no threshold derived)
Additional information - workers
General considerations
The primary route of anticipated industrial exposure to the reaction product of 2,4-dinitrotoluene and 2,6-dinitrotoluene and hydrogen is via skin contact. Given its low vapour pressure at room temperature, inhalation of the reaction product of 2,4-dinitrotoluene and 2,6-dinitrotoluene and hydrogen is not likely to be high. However, exposition to aerosols or droplets of an inhalable size cannot be ruled out.
The reaction product of 2,4-dinitrotoluene and 2,6-dinitrotoluene and hydrogen is harmful after single ingestion (Smyth et al., 1969) and corrosive after single skin contact (BASF SE, 2011). It is not possible to derive a local DNEL based on the available data. However, because of its corrosivity the reaction product of 2,4-dinitrotoluene and 2,6-dinitrotoluene and hydrogen should be attributed to the medium hazard class according to the ECHA Guidance on information requirement and chemical safety assessment, Part E: Risk Characterisation. Appropriate qualitative risk management measures and operational conditions should therefore be implemented when developing exposure scenarios.
The reaction product of 2,4-dinitrotoluene and 2,6-dinitrotoluene and hydrogen did not show any adverse effects regarding mutagenicity.
Point of departure
The starting point is a NOAEL of 100 mg/kg bw/day obtained in male and non-pregnant female Wistar rats from a OECD TG 408 study (Subchronic Repeated Dose Toxicity Study) under GLP conditions (BASF SE, 2017), in which no treatment-related adverse findings were observed up to a dose level of 100 mg/kg bw/day in male animals exposed for a total of 90 days. Therefore, the NOAEL of 100 mg/kg bw/day is considered reliable for the purpose of DNEL derivation.
DNEL DERIVATION - WORKER
In general, the derivation of DNEL is based on the above described NOAEL, which is modified as described in R8 (ECHA, May 2008) and ECETOC Guidance on Assessment Factors to Derive DNELs (ECETOC, 2010).
The following factors were also taken into account:
- The conversion factors form the oral to inhalation route is 0.38 m³/kg, and exposure adaptation factor of the respiration volume for light activity 6.7 m³/10 m³;
- The intraspecies variation factor is assumed to be 5 (worker);
- Inhalation route – Long-term exposure (systemic)
For derivation of the worker inhalation DNEL, a route to route extrapolation of the above NOAEL was performed, and different assessment factors were applied.
NB: it is recalled that a qualitative approach has to be implemented to deal with the corrosivity of the reaction product of 2,4 -dinitrotoluene and 2,6-dinitrotoluene and hydrogen.
- Dermal route (systemic)
The DNELs for dermal long term exposure of workers are also derived from the above mentioned NOAEL.
NB: it is recalled that a qualitative approach has to be implemented to deal with the corrosivity of the reaction product of 2,4-dinitrotoluene and 2,6-dinitrotoluene and hydrogen.
General Population - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 2.2 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 20
- Dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 100 mg/kg bw/day
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEC
- Value:
- 43.5 mg/m³
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
No repeated dose toxicity study by inhalation is available. Therefore an oral-to-inhalation extrapolation is done. The default factor of 2 was included.
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- default value
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 2
- Justification:
- default value for time extrapolation from subchronic to chronic study
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 1
- Justification:
- included in route to route extrapolation
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 10
- Justification:
- default value (general population)
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- GLP guideline study
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- Toxicodynamic differences between humans and rats are not assumed. Therefore the assessment factor for remaining differences is set to 1.
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
General Population - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 1.3 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 80
- Dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 100 mg/kg bw/day
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 100 mg/kg bw/day
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
No repeated dose toxicity study with dermal application is available. Therefore an oral-to-dermal extrapolation is done.
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- default value
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 2
- Justification:
- default value for time extrapolation from subchronic to chronic study
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 4
- Justification:
- default value for correction for differences in metabolic rate (rat to humans)
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 10
- Justification:
- default value (general population)
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- GLP Guideline study
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- Toxicodynamic differences between humans and rats are not assumed. Therefore the assessment factor for remaining differences is set to 1.
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- medium hazard (no threshold derived)
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- medium hazard (no threshold derived)
General Population - Hazard via oral route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 1.3 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 80
- Dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 100 mg/kg bw/day
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 100 mg/kg bw/day
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- default value
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 2
- Justification:
- default value for time extrapolation from subchronic to chronic study
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 4
- Justification:
- default value for correction for differences in metabolic rate (rat to humans)
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 10
- Justification:
- default value (general population)
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- GLP Guideline study
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- Toxicodynamic differences between humans and rats are not assumed. Therefore the assessment factor for remaining differences is set to 1.
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- hazard unknown but no further hazard information necessary as no exposure expected
DNEL related information
General Population - Hazard for the eyes
Local effects
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- medium hazard (no threshold derived)
Additional information - General Population
General considerations
The primary route of anticipated industrial exposure to thereaction product of 2,4-dinitrotoluene and 2,6-dinitrotoluene and hydrogen is via skin contact. Given its low vapourpressure at room temperature, inhalation of the reaction product of 2,4-dinitrotoluene and 2,6-dinitrotoluene and hydrogen is not likely to be high. However, exposition to aerosols or droplets of an inhalable size cannot be ruled out.
The reaction product of 2,4-dinitrotoluene and 2,6-dinitrotoluene and hydrogen is harmful after single ingestion (Smyth et al., 1969) and corrosive after single skin contact (BASF SE, 2011). It is not possible to derive a local DNEL based on the available data. However, because of its corrosivity the reaction product of 2,4-dinitrotoluene and 2,6-dinitrotoluene and hydrogen should be attributed to the medium hazard class according to the ECHA Guidance on information requirement and chemical safety assessment, Part E: Risk Characterisation. Appropriate qualitative risk management measures and operational conditions should therefore be implemented when developing exposure scenarios.
The reaction product of 2,4-dinitrotoluene and 2,6-dinitrotoluene and hydrogen did not show any adverse effects regarding mutagenicity.
Point of departure
The starting point is a NOAEL of 100 mg/kg bw/day obtained in male and non-pregnant female Wistar rats from a OECD TG 408 study (Subchronic Repeated Dose Toxicity Study) under GLP conditions (BASF SE, 2017), in which no treatment-related adverse findings were observed up to a dose level of 100 mg/kg bw/day in male animals exposed for a total of 90 days. Therefore, the NOAEL of 100 mg/kg bw/day is considered reliable for the purpose of DNEL derivation.
DNEL DERIVATION - General Population
In general, the derivation of DNEL is based on the above described NOAEL, which is modified as described in R8 (ECHA, May 2008) and ECETOC Guidance on Assessment Factors to Derive DNELs (ECETOC, 2010).
The following factors were also taken into account:
- The conversion factors form the oral to inhalation route is 1.15 m³/kg
- The intraspecies variation factor is assumed to be 10 (gernal population);
- Inhalation route – Long-term exposure (systemic)
For derivation of the worker inhalation DNEL, a route to route extrapolation of the above NOAEL was performed, and different assessment factors were applied.
NB: it is recalled that a qualitative approach has to be implemented to deal with the corrosivity of the reaction product of 2,4 -dinitrotoluene and 2,6-dinitrotoluene and hydrogen.
- Dermal route - Long-term exposure (systemic)
The DNELs for dermal long term exposure of workers are also derived from the above mentioned NOAEL.
NB: it is recalled that a qualitative approach has to be implemented to deal with the corrosivity of the reaction product of 2,4-dinitrotoluene and 2,6-dinitrotoluene and hydrogen.
- Oral route - Long-term exposure (systemic)
The DNELs for oral long term exposure of workers are also derived from the above mentioned NOAEL.
NB: it is recalled that a qualitative approach has to be implemented to deal with the corrosivity of the reaction product of 2,4-dinitrotoluene and 2,6-dinitrotoluene and hydrogen.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.