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EC number: 212-377-0 | CAS number: 811-97-2
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
Description of key information
Toxicity to algae for the longer chain C3 and C4 saturated fluorocarbons, HFC 245 fa and HFC 365mfc, has been experimentally shown to be > 100 mg/l and for the shorter chain C1, HFC 32, QSAR data indicate a toxicity to algae also >100mg/l. Therefore it is concluded that mid-chain saturated fluorocarbon toxicity (1,1,1,2-tetrafluorethane) (EC50) will be >100mg/l.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- EC50 for freshwater algae:
- 100 mg/L
Additional information
1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC 134a) is a member of a category of saturated hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) in the C1 to C4 range. Such HFCs contain only carbon, hydrogen and fluorine and are characterized by their inherent stability due to the strong C-F bond and their inability to dissociate into a conjugate base and proton. Their low boiling points means that the lower carbon members are gases at ambient temperature and pressure or, at the higher end of the carbon range, volatile liquids. The properties of stability and low boiling points make HFCs ideal refrigerants.
The common environmental fate of this range of HFCs is to partition to atmosphere, where they are slowly degraded by the action of hydroxyl radical. Their inherent chemical stability leads them to be of low toxicity to mammals, which has been demonstrated in extensive testing using very high exposure concentrations. Direct and indirect exposure of the aquatic compartment is unlikely, and any water-borne HFC with rapidly partition to air due to their low solubility and high volatility. Some non-standard aquatic toxicity tests demonstrate that aqueous solutions in equilibrium with atmospheric pressures of HFCs in closed systems to be of low toxicity to aquatic life. This has been shown for HFC 134a for the fish and daphnia endpoints. There is no data for algae for HFC 134a, but in accordance with the REACH Technical Guidance on the information requirements and chemical safety assessment Chapter R6: QSARs and grouping of chemicals, May 2008, the HFCs in the carbon range C1 to C4 can be considered to be a chemical category and thus it is possible to read across for the missing algae endpoint for HFC 134a to other members of the group for which data exist, namely HFC 32 (Difluoromethane), HFC 245fa (1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane) and HFC 365mfc (1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane).
Experimental data shows the toxicity to Algae of the longer C3 and C4 saturated fluorocarbons, HFC 245fa and HFC 365 mfc, to be >100mg/l. Similarly, QSAR data for the shorter chain C1 fluorocarbon, HFC 32 predicts a toxicity to Algea of >100mg/l.. Reading across to these results it is considered that toxicity (EC50) to algae of the C2 saturated fluorocarbons, including 1,1,1,2 -tetrafluoroethane (HFC 134a) will also be >100mg/l.
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