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Please be aware that this old REACH registration data factsheet is no longer maintained; it remains frozen as of 19th May 2023.
The new ECHA CHEM database has been released by ECHA, and it now contains all REACH registration data. There are more details on the transition of ECHA's published data to ECHA CHEM here.
Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 911-254-5 | CAS number: -
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
![](https://chesar.echa.europa.eu/o/diss-blank-theme/images/factsheets/A-REACH/factsheet/print_toxicological-information.png)
Toxicological Summary
- Administrative data
- Workers - Hazard via inhalation route
- Workers - Hazard via dermal route
- Workers - Hazard for the eyes
- Additional information - workers
- General Population - Hazard via inhalation route
- General Population - Hazard via dermal route
- General Population - Hazard via oral route
- General Population - Hazard for the eyes
- Additional information - General Population
Administrative data
Workers - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 0.14 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 75
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEC
- Value:
- 10.6 mg/m³
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
Worker Population - NOAEL of 6 mg/kg/d / 0.38 m3/kg = 15.8 * [6.7 m3/ 10 m3] = 10.6 mg/m3.
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- Since the DNEL is to be derived from a starting position based on an NOAEL from a good quality study, the dose response assessment factor was the default value, AF = 1.
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 6
- Justification:
- For duration adjustment a factor of 6 is used.
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 1
- Justification:
- AF not used for inhalation route
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- A default factor of 2.5 accounts for additional interspecies differences.
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 5
- Justification:
- For intraspecies differences (workers) the default factor is 5.
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- The default assessment factor to be applied is AF = 1. Higher factors may be applied based on scientific judgment related to adequacy and consistency. The database is considered relevant to assessment of repeated dose oral toxicity and is considered adequate, robust and reliable.
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 10.6 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
Worker Population - NOAEL of 6 mg/kg/d / 0.38 m3/kg = 15.8 * [6.7 m3/ 10 m3] = 10.6 mg/m3.
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Workers - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 0.02 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 300
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 6 mg/kg bw/day
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
Dermal risk assessment is based on the oral NOAEL of 6 mg/kg/day from the repeat dose toxicity test. The worst case (100% absorption) was assumed.
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- Since the DNEL is to be derived from a starting position based on an NOAEL from a good quality study, the dose response assessment factor was the default value, AF = 1.
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 6
- Justification:
- For duration adjustment a factor of 6 is used.
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 4
- Justification:
- The allometric scaling factor for the rat is 4.
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- A default factor of 2.5 accounts for additional interspecies differences.
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 5
- Justification:
- For intraspecies differences (workers) the default factor is 5.
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- The default assessment factor to be applied is AF = 1. Higher factors may be applied based on scientific judgment related to adequacy and consistency. The database is considered relevant to assessment of repeated dose oral toxicity and is considered adequate, robust and reliable.
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 0.12 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 50
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 6 mg/kg bw/day
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
Dermal risk assessment is based on the oral NOAEL of 6 mg/kg/day from the repeat dose toxicity test. The worst case (100% absorption) was assumed.
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- Since the DNEL is to be derived from a starting position based on an NOAEL from a good quality study, the dose response assessment factor was the default value, AF = 1.
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 4
- Justification:
- The allometric scaling factor for the rat is 4.
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- A default factor of 2.5 accounts for additional interspecies differences.
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 5
- Justification:
- For intraspecies differences (workers) the default factor is 5.
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- The default assessment factor to be applied is AF = 1. Higher factors may be applied based on scientific judgment related to adequacy and consistency. The database is considered relevant to assessment of repeated dose oral toxicity and is considered adequate, robust and reliable.
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- low hazard (no threshold derived)
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- low hazard (no threshold derived)
Workers - Hazard for the eyes
Local effects
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- low hazard (no threshold derived)
Additional information - workers
A.- ACUTE TOXICITY:
Oral exposure.Systemic effects
No oral exposure is considered for workers.
Dermal exposure. Systemic effects
Starting point for systemic effects is oral repeat dose toxicity test were NOAEL= 6 mg/kg/day. Assessment factors are to be applied as follows:
(4) the allometric scaling factor for the rat is 4;
(5) a default factor of 2.5 accounts for additional interspecies differences;
(6) for intraspecies differences (workers) the default factor is 5, for consumers is 10
Overall AF: 50 for workers
For workers: DNEL=0.12 mg/kg/day
Inhalatory exposure. Systemic effects
Taking repeat dose toxicity test as a starting point, and assuming 100% absorption, critical exposures levels are as follows:
For workers: DNEL= 10.6 mg/m3(AF: /0.38 x 6.7/10)
B.-SKIN IRRITATION- EYE IRRITATION.Acute Local effects
The substance is skin and eye irritant. No DNEL derived. Qualitative assessment will be done.
C.- REPEAT DOSE TOXICITY: Systemic effects
Long term Dermal exposure
Dermal risk assessment is based on the oral NOAEL of 6 mg/kg/day from the repeat dose toxicity test. The worst case (100% absorption) was assumed.
The following adjustment factors are applied for the identification of the reference MOS:
(1) for duration adjustment a factor of 6 is used,
(2) the allometric scaling factor for the rat is 4;
(3) a default factor of 2.5 accounts for additional interspecies differences;
(4) for intraspecies differences (workers) the default factor is 5, for consumers is 10
This gives a reference AF of 300 for workers (6 x 4 x 2.5 x 5)
DNELsyst.long termDermal route is established in 0.02 mg/kg/day (workers).
Long term Oral exposure
Starting point is NOAEL of 6 mg/kg/day from a repeat dose toxicity rat study. Assuming 100% absorption and the AF described above, critical exposure levels are as follows:
Workers: =0.02 mg/kg/day
Long term Inhalatory exposure
Same starting point is taken as previous calculations.
DNELworkers= 0.14 mg/m3 (AF: /0.38 x 6.7/10 for respiratory ratios and AF= 75)
C.- REPRODUCTIVE AND DEVELOPMENT TOXICITY
Oral exposure
Starting point is NOAELreprod.= 30 mg/kg/day from a OECD 422 study on rats.
The following adjustment factors are applied:
(1) the allometric scaling factor for the rat is 4;
(2) a default factor of 2.5 accounts for additional interspecies differences;
(3) for intraspecies differences (workers) the default factor is 5, for consumers is 10
Overall the reference AF is 50 (4 x 2.5 x 5)
The respective critical oral exposure level at the workplace is identified as:
DNEL = 0.6 mg /kg/day for workers and
Dermal exposure
Same starting point and same AF were used for deriving DNELs. Worst case of 100% absorption was assumed.
General Population - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 0.035 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 150
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEC
- Value:
- 5.2 mg/m³
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
General Population - NOAEL of 6 mg/kg/d / 1.15 m3/kg = 5.2 mg/m3
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- Since the DNEL is to be derived from a starting position based on an NOAEL from a good quality study, the dose response assessment factor was the default value, AF = 1.
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 6
- Justification:
- For duration adjustment a factor of 6 is used.
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 1
- Justification:
- AF not used for inhalation route
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- A default factor of 2.5 accounts for additional interspecies differences.
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 10
- Justification:
- For intraspecies differences (consumers) the default factor is 10.
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- The default assessment factor to be applied is AF = 1. Higher factors may be applied based on scientific judgment related to adequacy and consistency. The database is considered relevant to assessment of repeated dose oral toxicity and is considered adequate, robust and reliable.
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 5.17 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 1.16
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
General Population - NOAEL of 6 mg/kg/d / 1.16 m3/kg = 5.17 mg/m3.
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
General Population - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 0.01 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 600
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 6 mg/kg bw/day
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
Dermal risk assessment is based on the oral NOAEL of 6 mg/kg/day from the repeat dose toxicity test. The worst case (100% absorption) was assumed.
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- Since the DNEL is to be derived from a starting position based on an NOAEL from a good quality study, the dose response assessment factor was the default value, AF = 1.
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 6
- Justification:
- For duration adjustment a factor of 6 is used.
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 4
- Justification:
- The allometric scaling factor for the rat is 4.
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- A default factor of 2.5 accounts for additional interspecies differences.
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 10
- Justification:
- For intraspecies differences (consumers) the default factor is 10.
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- The default assessment factor to be applied is AF = 1. Higher factors may be applied based on scientific judgment related to adequacy and consistency. The database is considered relevant to assessment of repeated dose oral toxicity and is considered adequate, robust and reliable.
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 0.06 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 100
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 6 mg/kg bw/day
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
Dermal risk assessment is based on the oral NOAEL of 6 mg/kg/day from the repeat dose toxicity test. The worst case (100% absorption) was assumed.
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- Since the DNEL is to be derived from a starting position based on an NOAEL from a good quality study, the dose response assessment factor was the default value, AF = 1.
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 4
- Justification:
- The allometric scaling factor for the rat is 4.
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- A default factor of 2.5 accounts for additional interspecies differences.
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 10
- Justification:
- For intraspecies differences (consumers) the default factor is 10.
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- The default assessment factor to be applied is AF = 1. Higher factors may be applied based on scientific judgment related to adequacy and consistency. The database is considered relevant to assessment of repeated dose oral toxicity and is considered adequate, robust and reliable.
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- low hazard (no threshold derived)
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- low hazard (no threshold derived)
General Population - Hazard via oral route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 0.01 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 600
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 6 mg/kg bw/day
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- Since the DNEL is to be derived from a starting position based on an NOAEL from a good quality study, the dose response assessment factor was the default value, AF = 1.
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 6
- Justification:
- For duration adjustment a factor of 6 is used.
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 4
- Justification:
- The allometric scaling factor for the rat is 4.
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- A default factor of 2.5 accounts for additional interspecies differences.
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 10
- Justification:
- For intraspecies differences (consumers) the default factor is 10.
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- The default assessment factor to be applied is AF = 1. Higher factors may be applied based on scientific judgment related to adequacy and consistency. The database is considered relevant to assessment of repeated dose oral toxicity and is considered adequate, robust and reliable.
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 0.06 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 100
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 6 mg/kg bw/day
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- Since the DNEL is to be derived from a starting position based on an NOAEL from a good quality study, the dose response assessment factor was the default value, AF = 1.
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 4
- Justification:
- The allometric scaling factor for the rat is 4.
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- A default factor of 2.5 accounts for additional interspecies differences.
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 10
- Justification:
- For intraspecies differences (consumers) the default factor is 10.
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- The default assessment factor to be applied is AF = 1. Higher factors may be applied based on scientific judgment related to adequacy and consistency. The database is considered relevant to assessment of repeated dose oral toxicity and is considered adequate, robust and reliable.
General Population - Hazard for the eyes
Local effects
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- low hazard (no threshold derived)
Additional information - General Population
A.- ACUTE TOXICITY:
Oral exposure.Systemic effects
Starting point for acute oral effects is NOAEL= 6 mg/kg/day derived from a repeat dose toxicity study. Assessment factors are to be applied as follows:
(1) the allometric scaling factor for the rat is 4;
(2) a default factor of 2.5 accounts for additional interspecies differences;
(3) for intraspecies differences (workers) the default factor is 5, for consumers is 10
Overall AF: 100 for consumers
For consumers: DNEL=0.06 mg/kg/day
Dermal exposure. Systemic effects
Starting point for systemic effects is oral repeat dose toxicity test were NOAEL= 6 mg/kg/day. Assessment factors are to be applied as follows:
(4) the allometric scaling factor for the rat is 4;
(5) a default factor of 2.5 accounts for additional interspecies differences;
(6) for intraspecies differences (workers) the default factor is 5, for consumers is 10
Overall AF: 100 for consumers
For consumers: DNEL=0.06 mg/kg/day
Inhalatory exposure. Systemic effects
Taking repeat dose toxicity test as a starting point, and assuming 100% absorption, critical exposures levels are as follows:
For consumers: DNEL=5.17 mg/ m3 (AF: 1,16)
B.-SKIN IRRITATION- EYE IRRITATION.Acute Local effects
The substance is skin and eye irritant. No DNEL derived. Qualitative assessment will be done.
C.- REPEAT DOSE TOXICITY:Systemic effects
Long term Dermal exposure
Dermal risk assessment is based on the oral NOAEL of 6 mg/kg/day from the repeat dose toxicity test. The worst case (100% absorption) was assumed.
The following adjustment factors are applied for the identification of the reference MOS:
(1) for duration adjustment a factor of 6 is used,
(2) the allometric scaling factor for the rat is 4;
(3) a default factor of 2.5 accounts for additional interspecies differences;
(4) for intraspecies differences (workers) the default factor is 5, for consumers is 10
This gives a reference AF of 600 for consumers (6 x 4 x 2.5 x 10).
DNELsyst.long termDermal route is established in 0.01 mg/kg/day (consumers).
Long term Oral exposure
Starting point is NOAEL of 6 mg/kg/day from a repeat dose toxicity rat study. Assuming 100% absorption and the AF described above, critical exposure levels are as follows:
Consumers: = 0.01 mg/kg/day
Long term Inhalatory exposure
Same starting point is taken as previous calculations.
DNELconsumers= 0.035 mg/m3(AF:1,16for respiratory ratios and AF=150)
C.- REPRODUCTIVE AND DEVELOPMENT TOXICITY
Oral exposure
Starting point is NOAELreprod.= 30 mg/kg/day from a OECD 422 study on rats.
The following adjustment factors are applied:
(1) the allometric scaling factor for the rat is 4;
(2) a default factor of 2.5 accounts for additional interspecies differences;
(3) for intraspecies differences (workers) the default factor is 5, for consumers is 10
Overall the reference AF is 100 (4 x 2.5 x 10).
The respective critical oral exposure level at the workplace is identified as:
DNEL= 0.3 mg/kg/day for consumers.
Dermal exposure
Same starting point and same AF were used for deriving DNELs. Worst case of 100% absorption was assumed.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.
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