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EC number: 231-545-4 | CAS number: 7631-86-9
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Short-term toxicity to fish
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to fish
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 1998
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study without detailed documentation
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 203 (Fish, Acute Toxicity Test)
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Vehicle:
- no
- Test organisms (species):
- Pimephales promelas
- Test type:
- static
- pH:
- control: 7.3 (t0), 7.5 (t96h)
0.5 mg/L: 7.3 (t0), 7.6 (t96h)
1.0 mg/L: 7.3 (t0), 7.6 (t96h)
50 mg/L: 7.4 (t0), 7.6 (t96h)
500 mg/L: 7.7 (t0), 7.7 (t96h)
5000 mg/L: 8.8 (t0), 8.0(t96h) - Dissolved oxygen:
- [mg/L]
control: 8.5 (t0), 8.0 (t96h)
0.5 mg/L: 8.5 (t0), 8.2 (t96h)
1.0 mg/L: 8.5 (t0), 7.8 (t96h)
50 mg/L: 8.5 (t0), 7.9 (t96h)
500 mg/L: 8.5 (t0), 8.1 (t96h)
5000 mg/L: 8.5 (t0), 7.1 (t96h) - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Key result
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- other: LC20
- Effect conc.:
- 5 000 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Remarks on result:
- other: 20% mortality
- Key result
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 5 000 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Key result
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 500 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Details on results:
- Based on visual observation, the water control solution and the test solutions were clear with no color throughout the test. Mortalities were 0,0,0,0, 0 and 20% in the 0, 0.5, 1.0, 50, 500 and 5000 mg/L test concentratins, respectively. All water parameters were within acceptable limits.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not applicable
- Conclusions:
- Colloidal silica (40% SiO2 in water) exhibited very low toxicity in a 96-hour, unaerated, static acute test using fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas
- Executive summary:
A range-finding study was performed to provide an estimate of aquatic toxicity using fixed test concentrations (i.e. 0, 0.5, 1.0, 50, 500, 5000 mg/L). Based on visual inspection, all test solutions were clear with no color throughout the test. Mortalities were 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 and 20% in the 0, 0.5, 1.0, 50, 500 and 5000 mg/L test concentratins, respectively. All water parameters were within acceptable limits.
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to fish
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 09 Dec. 1991 - 13 Dec. 1991
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: GLP guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 203 (Fish, Acute Toxicity Test)
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION
- Method: stirring for 20 h, then allowed to stand for 4 h before testing;
- Eluate: no, suspensions were tested
- Differential loading: yes, 1000 + 10,000 mg/L
- Controls: Synthetic medium from groundwater
- Evidence of undissolved material (e.g. precipitate, surface film, etc): The test solutions remained turbid throughout the test, and starchy particles were observed on the bottom of the test vessels. - Test organisms (species):
- Danio rerio (previous name: Brachydanio rerio)
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Zebra fish
- Strain: --
- Source: M.B. Ruysbroek B.V./Noordvliet 159, Maassluis
- Age at study initiation (mean and range, SD):
- Length at study initiation (length definition, mean, range and SD): 2.1 +-0.1 cm
- Weight at study initiation (mean and range, SD): 0.07 +-0.01 g
- Food during test: no
ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: no data
- Type and amount of food: no data
- Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- yes
- Total exposure duration:
- 96 h
- Post exposure observation period:
- none
- Hardness:
- 204 mg/L as CaCO3
- Test temperature:
- 24.2 - 25.3
- pH:
- 7.3 - 8.3
- Dissolved oxygen:
- 7.3 - 8.5 mg/L
- Salinity:
- not applicable
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- 1000 and 10,000 mg/L SiO2 nominal (loading)
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel:
- Type (delete if not applicable): open
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: glass beaker, 2 L, 1500 ml test suspension
- Aeration: slight aeration (no data)
- Type of flow-through (e.g. peristaltic or proportional diluter): --
- Renewal rate of test solution (frequency/flow rate): no
- No. of organisms per vessel: 10
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 2
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 2
- No. of vessels per vehicle control (replicates): --
- Biomass loading rate: approx. 0.5 g fish/L
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: prepared from groundwater by addition of several salts
- Total organic carbon: 1.7 mg/L
- Alkalinity: -- no data
- Ca/Mg ratio: 1.83
- Conductivity: --
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: no
- Photoperiod: 16 h light, 8 h dark
- Light intensity: -- no data
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable): survival. swimming behaviour, colour, respiratory function,
morphologial and physiological changes that were visually observable at 24, 48, 72, and 96 h
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: 10
- Justification for using less concentrations than requested by guideline: limit test, expected low toxicity
- Range finding study
- Test concentrations: --
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: -- - Key result
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LL0
- Effect conc.:
- 10 000 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat. (total fraction)
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Remarks:
- : 0/20 animals died
- Remarks on result:
- other: suspension
- Details on results:
- - Behavioural abnormalities: none
- Observations on body length and weight: none
- Other biological observations: no particular findings
- Mortality of control: none
- Other adverse effects control: none
- Abnormal responses: none - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- not applicable
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- not applicable
- Sublethal observations / clinical signs:
After 96 h of exposure all animals were alive and their conditions (swimming behaviour, colour, respiratory function or any other visually observable morphological or bahavioural criterion) was equal to that of the control animals.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- The substance was not acutely toxic to Danio rerio at loadings of 1,000 and 10,000 mg/L.
- Executive summary:
A GLP study was performed in accordance with OECD 203. Test solutions were prepared by stirring an excess amount (i.e. 1000 and 10,000 mg/L nominal loading) for 20 h and then were allowed to stand for 4 h before testing. The resulting suspension was used for testing. After 96 h of exposure all animals were alive and their conditions (swimming behaviour, colour, respiratory function and any other visually observable morphological or bahavioural criterion) was equal to that of the control animals. The test item was not acutely toxic to Danio rerio at loadings of 1000 and 10,000 mg/L.
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to fish
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 19 Nov. 1991 - 23 Nov. 1991
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to other study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 203 (Fish, Acute Toxicity Test)
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
- Method: stirring for 20 h, then allowed to stand for 4 h before testing;
- Eluate: no, suspensions were tested
- Differential loading: yes, 1000 + 10,000 mg/L
- Controls: Synthetic medium from groundwater
- Evidence of undissolved material (e.g. precipitate, surface film, etc): The resulting suspensions at the beginning of the test were homogeneous and milky, at the end of the test in addition a layer of white, starchy flocks on the bottom of the vessels was observed. - Test organisms (species):
- Danio rerio (previous name: Brachydanio rerio)
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Zebra fish
- Strain:
- Source: M.B. Ruysbroek B.V./Noordvliet 159, Maassluis
- Age at study initiation (mean and range, SD):
- Length at study initiation (length definition, mean, range and SD): 2.2 +-0.2 cm
- Weight at study initiation (mean and range, SD): 0.09 +-0.02 g
- Method of breeding:
- Feeding during test: no
ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: no data
- Type and amount of food: no data
- Feeding frequency: no data - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- yes
- Total exposure duration:
- 96 h
- Post exposure observation period:
- none
- Hardness:
- 204 mg/L as CaCO3
- Test temperature:
- 24.5 - 25.3 °C
- pH:
- 7.3 - 8.2
- Dissolved oxygen:
- 7.1 - 8.2 mg/L
- Salinity:
- not applicable
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- 1000 and 10,000 mg SiO2/L (nominal)
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel:
- Type (delete if not applicable): open
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: glass beaker, 2 L, 1000 ml test suspension
- Aeration: slight aeration (no data)
- Type of flow-through (e.g. peristaltic or proportional diluter): --
- Renewal rate of test solution (frequency/flow rate): no
- No. of organisms per vessel: 10
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 2
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 2
- No. of vessels per vehicle control (replicates): --
- Biomass loading rate: approx. 0.9 g fish/L
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: prepared from groundwater by addition of several salts
- Total organic carbon: 1.7 mg/L
- Alkalinity: -- no data
- Ca/Mg ratio: 1.83
- Conductivity: --
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: no
- Photoperiod: 16 h light, 8 h dark
- Light intensity: -- no data
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable): survival. swimming behaviour, colour, respiratory function,
morphological and physiological changes that were visually observable at 24, 48, 72, and 96 h
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: 10
- Justification for using less concentrations than requested by guideline: limit test, expected low toxicity
- Range finding study
- Test concentrations: --
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: -- - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Key result
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LL0
- Effect conc.:
- 10 000 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat. (total fraction)
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Remarks:
- : 0/20 animals died
- Remarks on result:
- other: suspension
- Details on results:
- - Behavioural abnormalities: none
- Observations on body length and weight: none
- Other biological observations: no particular findings
- Mortality of control: none
- Other adverse effects control: none
- Abnormal responses: none - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- not appliicable
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- not applicable
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- The substance was not acutely toxic to Brachydanio rerio at at loadings of 1000 and 10,000 mg/L.
- Executive summary:
A GLP study was performed in accordance with OECD 203. Test solutions were prepared by stirring an excess amount (1000 and 10,000 mg/L nominal loading) for 20 h and then were allowed to stand for 4 h before testing. The resulting suspension was used for testing. After 96 h of exposure all animals were alive and their conditions (swimming behaviour, colour, respiratory function and any other visually observable morphological or bahavioural criterion) was equal to that of the control animals. The test item was not acutely toxic to
Brachydanio rerio at loadings of 1000 and 10,000 mg/L.
Referenceopen allclose all
Description of key information
For the assessment of the aquatic toxicity of synthetic amorphous silica (SAS) to fish, the database compiles 3 studies from 1992 and 1998. All these studies were conducted according to OECD TG 203 under GLP. The acute toxicity of SAS was determined in two studies with Brachydanio rerio. Suspensions were prepared by stirring an excessive concentration (i.e. 1000 or 10,000 mg/L nominal loading) for 20 h; the resulting suspension was tested. No effects were observed at 10,000 mg/L. The 96h NOEC of colloidal non surface treated SAS for Pimephales promelas was determined at 500 mg/L, with 20% mortality observed at 5000 mg/L.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Additional information
LC50 value was not determined in all studies within the range of test concentrations of which the highest concentration was much greater than the concentration limit of 100 mg/L recommended in the current OECD TG 203.
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