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EC number: 205-286-2 | CAS number: 137-26-8
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Hydrolysis
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- hydrolysis
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 22 June 1989 - 11 January 1991
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: US EPA Ref.: 161-1, Hydrolysis Studies
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Radiolabelling:
- yes
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- Samplings were performed at following intervals:
- for pH 5: 0, 3, 7, 14, 23 and 30 days
- for pH 7: 0, 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 days
- for pH 9: 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 16 hours
Only one set of treated samples was prepared;
each vessel was sampled only once. - Buffers:
- - pH 5: 0.01 M acetate buffer
- pH 7: 0.006 M phosphate buffer
- pH 9: 0.003 M borate buffer - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
Test vessels: Oak Ridge Teflon centrifuge tubes (25.5 x 92 mm, Nalge Company) with a Nalgene screw closure, Teflon-lined septum, 0.2 µm Nylon filter
- Sterilisation method: Prior to use, all glassware, Teflon vessels, and septa were sterilized in a pressure cooker at 121°C for 30 minutes.
All buffer were filtered through a 0.2 µm nylon filter prior to use.
TEST MEDIUM
- Kind of water: deionized water
- Preparation of test medium: An aliquot of 100 µL stock solution of 14C-Thiram (2 mg/mL) was added to each test tube. The solvent was removed under a stream of nitrogen. Then 20 mL of the buffer solution was added to each test tube, to achieve a nominal 14C-Thiram concentration of 10 ppm. The samples were sonicated for up to 5 minutes to redissolve the 14C-Thiram in the appropriate buffer.
- Renewal of test solution: no
- Identity and concentration of co-solvent: not reported - Duration:
- 30 d
- pH:
- 5
- Temp.:
- 25 °C
- Initial conc. measured:
- 7.28 other: ppm
- Duration:
- 8 d
- pH:
- 7
- Temp.:
- 25 °C
- Initial conc. measured:
- 7.91 other: ppm
- Duration:
- 16 h
- pH:
- 9
- Temp.:
- 25 °C
- Initial conc. measured:
- 7.15 other: ppm
- Number of replicates:
- At least two vessels were prepared for each time point. Each vessel was sampled only once (in duplicate samples).
- Positive controls:
- no
- Negative controls:
- no
- Transformation products:
- yes
- No.:
- #1
- pH:
- 5
- Temp.:
- 25 °C
- Hydrolysis rate constant:
- 0.01 d-1
- DT50:
- 68.5 d
- pH:
- 7
- Temp.:
- 25 °C
- Hydrolysis rate constant:
- 0.2 d-1
- DT50:
- 3.5 d
- pH:
- 9
- Temp.:
- 25 °C
- Hydrolysis rate constant:
- 2.42 d-1
- DT50:
- 6.9 h
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- The hydrolysis of Thiram occurs in alkaline and neutral media much more rapidly than under acidic condition.
The major hydrolysis product was Carbon disulfide (CS2). The material balance for the buffered samples was > 90% of the initial radioactivity.
The amount of the other breakdown products isolated from the chloroform extracts did not exceed 10% of the initial radioactivity.
Due to the presented results, hydrolysis process can contribute to degradation of Thiram in aquatic systems.
Validity and quality criteria can be considered as fulfilled. - Executive summary:
Materials and methods: The stability of 14C-labelled Thiram (10 ppm) in sterile aqueous buffers maintained at three pH levels (5, 7 and 9) was studied. Samples were incubated at 25 °C in the dark and under sterile conditions.
The tests were performed for 30 days at pH 5, 8 days at pH 7 and 16 hours at pH 9.
Prior to use, all glassware, Teflon vessels and septa were sterilized in a pressure cooker at 121°C for 30 min to minimize biodegradation.
All buffers were filtered through a 0.2-µm nylon filter. After filtration, the sterility of the buffers was checked with Petrifilm 6400 aerobic count plates.
Results and discussion: The hydrolysis of Thiram was analysed in pH 5, pH 7 and pH 9 at a concentration of 7.28 ppm, 7.91 ppm and 7.15 ppm of 14C-Thiram, respectively. Under alkaline or neutral conditions, 14C -Thiram was rapidly hydrolysed. The majority of the radioactivity was continuously released as volatiles during the study. The major breakdown product for all buffers was identified as volatile CS2. The material balance for all samples was greater than 90% after purging. The volatiles contained in the pH 9 were released particularly upon acidification.
Further breakdown products were isolated in the chloroform extracts; however, none comprised more than 5% of the initial radioactivity during the study. The remaining buffer solution after chloroform extraction contained less than 10% of the initial radioactivity over the time studied for pH 5 and pH 7. The extracted buffer solution at pH 9 contained up to 35% of the initial radioactivity. After acidification of the extracted pH 9 solution, most of the radioactivity was released as 14C CS2.
Reference
For details on pH measurements and recoveries of initial radioactivities see attachment.
Description of key information
Hydrolysis is a relevant degradation pathway for tetramethylthiuram disulfide (CAS No. 137-26-8) in aquatic systems: DT50 (pH 7) = 3.5 days (25 °C, EPA Guideline Subdivision N 161-1).
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Half-life for hydrolysis:
- 3.5 d
- at the temperature of:
- 25 °C
Additional information
One study determining the hydrolysis half-life of tetramethylthiuram disulfide (CAS No. 137-26-8) is available. This test was conducted according to EPA’s Pesticide Assessment Guidelines, Series 161-1, Hydrolisis Studies (1988), under GLP conditions. 14C-thiram was tested at 25 °C and pH 5, 7 and 9. The half-lives determined were 68.5 days, 3.5 days and 6.9 hours at pH 5, 7 and 9, respectively. Hydrolysis in alkaline and neutral conditions took place at a faster rate than under acidic conditions. The main breakdown product was CS2.
In conclusion, hydrolysis may be a relevant degradation pathway for the substance in aquatic systems.
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