Brief Profile

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Please be aware that the REACH registration parts of this Brief Profile are no longer maintained; they remain frozen as of 19th May 2023. All other data parts (substance identity, C&L, key regulatory lists etc. are up to date).

The new ECHA CHEM database has been released by ECHA, and it now contains all REACH registration data. There are more details on the transition of ECHA's published data to ECHA CHEM here.

Diss Brief Profile

The Brief Profile summarizes the non-confidential data on substances as it is held in the databases of the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA), including data provided by third parties. The Brief Profile is automatically generated; note that it does not currently distinguish between harmonised classification and minimum classification; information requirements under different legislative frameworks may therefore not be fully up to date or complete. For accuracy reasons, substance manufacturers and imports have the responsibility to consult official sources, e.g. the electronic edition of the Official Journal of the European Union.
This Brief Profile is covered by the ECHA Legal Notice.

Substance Description

Substance identity

EC / List no.:
246-805-2
CAS no.:
25306-75-6
Index number:
Molecular formula:
C5H9NaOS2
SMILES:
[Na+].CC(C)COC([S-])=S
InChI:
InChI=1S/C5H10OS2.Na/c1-4(2)3-6-5(7)8;/h4H,3H2,1-2H3,(H,7,8);/q;+1/p-1
Type of substance:
Mono constituent substance
Origin:
Organic, Organometallic
Registered compositions:
10
Of which contain:
33 impurities relevant for classification
0 additives relevant for classification
Substance Listed:
EINECS (European INventory of Existing Commercial chemical Substances) List

Hazard classification & labelling

Danger! According to the classification provided by companies to ECHA in REACH registrations this substance causes severe skin burns and eye damage, is a flammable solid, is harmful if swallowed, causes serious eye damage, is harmful in contact with skin, is suspected of damaging the unborn child, may cause damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure, is harmful to aquatic life with long lasting effects, causes skin irritation and may cause an allergic skin reaction.

Additionally, the classification provided by companies to ECHA in CLP notifications identifies that this substance is toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects, is very toxic to aquatic life, causes serious eye irritation, in contact with water releases flammable gases which may ignite spontaneously, is harmful if inhaled, is self-heating and may catch fire, if heated may cause a fire and may cause respiratory irritation.

Breakdown of all 135 C&L notifications submitted to ECHA

Acute Tox. 4 H302
Skin Irrit. 2 H315
Eye Irrit. 2 H319
Acute Tox. 4 H312
Self-react. E H242
Org. Perox. E H242
Water-react. 1 H260
Acute Tox. 4 H332
STOT SE 3 H335
Flam. Sol. 1 H228
Aquatic Chronic 2 H411
Aquatic Acute 1 H400
Self-heat. 1 H251
Skin Sens. 1B H317
Skin Corr. 1 H314
https://chesar.echa.europa.eu/o/diss-blank-theme/images/cnl/graph/more.png 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

https://chesar.echa.europa.eu/o/diss-blank-theme/images/cnl/graph/tick.png Harmonised Classification

https://chesar.echa.europa.eu/o/diss-blank-theme/images/cnl/graph/Reach.png REACH registration dossiers notifications

https://chesar.echa.europa.eu/o/diss-blank-theme/images/cnl/graph/CLP.png CLP notifications

At least one notifier has indicated that an impurity or an additive present in the substance impacts the notified classification.

Properties of concern

  • Ss
There is no overall agreement among data submitters, but a minority indicate they consider this substance as Skin sensitising (28.57% of REACH registrations).

Regulatory context

Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation & Restriction of Chemicals (REACH)

Registration
Pre-registration:
Substance pre-registered under REACH.
Registration:
This substance has 7 active registrations under REACH, 2 Joint Submission(s) and 3 Individual Submission(s).
Please see Registrants/Suppliers details.
Evaluation
Dossier Evaluation:
Registration dossiers submitted to ECHA for this substance have been evaluated under REACH.
Substance Evaluation:
Authorisation
Candidate List:
Annex XIV (Authorisation List):
Restriction
Annex XVII (Restriction List):

Persistent Organic Pollutants Regulation (POPs)

List of substances subject to the POPs Regulation:
List of substances proposed as POPs:

Classification Labelling & Packaging (CLP)

Harmonised C&L:
Seveso Annex I:
Notified C&L:
Classification & Labelling has been notified by industry to ECHA for this substance.

Biocidal Products Regulation (BPR)

Active Substance:
Biocidal Products:

Prior Informed Consent (PIC)

Annex I:
Annex V:

European Union Observatory for Nanomaterials (EUON)

EUON:

About this substance

This substance is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 1 000 tonnes per annum.

This substance is used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.

This substance is used in the following products: metals, metal surface treatment products, adsorbents, polymers and extraction agents. This substance has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).

Other release to the environment of this substance is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners).

This substance is used in the following activities or processes at workplace: hot work operations with metals (e.g. welding, soldering, gouging, brazing, flame cutting), the low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials or articles, closed, continuous processes with occasional controlled exposure, production of mixtures or articles by tabletting, compression, extrusion or pelletisation, open transfer and processing with minerals/metals at elevated temperature and high energy work-up of substances bound in materials or articles (e.g. hot rolling/forming, grinding, mechanical cutting, drilling or sanding).

Release to the environment of this substance can occur from industrial use: industrial abrasion processing with low release rate (e.g. cutting of textile, cutting, machining or grinding of metal). Other release to the environment of this substance is likely to occur from: outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials).

This substance can be found in products with material based on: paper (e.g. tissues, feminine hygiene products, nappies, books, magazines, wallpaper) and metal (e.g. cutlery, pots, toys, jewellery).

This substance is used in the following products: polymers and extraction agents.

This substance is used in the following areas: mining and formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging. This substance is used for the manufacture of: chemicals, pulp, paper and paper products, metals and fabricated metal products.

This substance is used in the following activities or processes at workplace: closed, continuous processes with occasional controlled exposure, closed batch processing in synthesis or formulation, the low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials or articles, high energy work-up of substances bound in materials or articles (e.g. hot rolling/forming, grinding, mechanical cutting, drilling or sanding), batch processing in synthesis or formulation with opportunity for exposure, treatment of articles by dipping and pouring, open transfer and processing with minerals/metals at elevated temperature and hot work operations with metals (e.g. welding, soldering, gouging, brazing, flame cutting).

Other release to the environment of this substance is likely to occur from: indoor use as processing aid and indoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. cooling liquids in refrigerators, oil-based electric heaters).

This substance is used in the following products: extraction agents and polymers.

This substance is used in the following activities or processes at workplace: closed batch processing in synthesis or formulation, closed, continuous processes with occasional controlled exposure, the low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials or articles, open transfer and processing with minerals/metals at elevated temperature, laboratory work, batch processing in synthesis or formulation with opportunity for exposure, transfer of substance into small containers, production of mixtures or articles by tabletting, compression, extrusion or pelletisation, high energy work-up of substances bound in materials or articles (e.g. hot rolling/forming, grinding, mechanical cutting, drilling or sanding) and hot work operations with metals (e.g. welding, soldering, gouging, brazing, flame cutting).

Release to the environment of this substance can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures.

This substance is used in the following products: extraction agents and polymers.

This substance is used in the following areas: mining and formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging. This substance is used for the manufacture of: chemicals, pulp, paper and paper products and metals.

This substance is used in the following activities or processes at workplace: the low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials or articles, closed, continuous processes with occasional controlled exposure, closed batch processing in synthesis or formulation, laboratory work, open transfer and processing with minerals/metals at elevated temperature and high energy work-up of substances bound in materials or articles (e.g. hot rolling/forming, grinding, mechanical cutting, drilling or sanding).

Release to the environment of this substance can occur from industrial use: in processing aids at industrial sites and as processing aid.

This substance is used in the following activities or processes at workplace: closed batch processing in synthesis or formulation, closed, continuous processes with occasional controlled exposure, the low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials or articles, potentially closed industrial processing with minerals/metals at elevated temperature (e.g. smelters, furnaces, refineries, coke ovens), open transfer and processing with minerals/metals at elevated temperature, high energy work-up of substances bound in materials or articles (e.g. hot rolling/forming, grinding, mechanical cutting, drilling or sanding) and hot work operations with metals (e.g. welding, soldering, gouging, brazing, flame cutting).

Release to the environment of this substance can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance.

Precautions for using this substance have been recommended by its registrants under REACH, as follows:

Prevention statements

When handling this substance: do not allow contact with water; keep cool; protect from moisture.

Response statements

In case of incident: If swallowed: follow instructions specified by manufacturer/supplier. If on skin: follow instructions specified by manufacturer/supplier. If in eyes: rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses if present and easy to do – continue rinsing.

Guidance on the safe use of the substance provided by manufacturers and importers of this substance.

Registrants/suppliers

  • FLOTCHEM Ltd., 25 Georgi Peyachevic Str. 25 Georgi Peyachevic Str. 1505 Sofia Bulgaria Bulgaria
  • GeoTrading AD, ул. Люлин планина 9 1606 Sofia Sofia Bulgaria
  • International Mining Corporation, Avenue Maxime Van Praag, 1 1180 Uccle Brussels Belgium Belgium
  • MINOVA-KSANTE Sp. z o.o., Polna 10 59-100 Polkowice dolnośląskie Poland
  • NOZIB Ltd, 67 Georgi Peyachevic Str. 67 Georgi Peyachevic Str. 1505 Sofia Bulgaria Bulgaria
  • Polymethim Ltd., 60-B Bulgaria Blvd. 1680 Sofia Bulgaria
  • REACH 2008 Ltd, J.K.Mladost-1, bl.32, entr.A, fl.5, ap.10 J.K.Mladost-1, bl.32, entr.A, fl.5, ap.10 1784 Sofia Bulgaria Bulgaria
  • NOZIB Ltd, 67 Georgi Peyachevic Str. 67 Georgi Peyachevic Str. 1505 Sofia Bulgaria Bulgaria
  • REACH 2008 Ltd, J.K.Mladost-1, bl.32, entr.A, fl.5, ap.10 J.K.Mladost-1, bl.32, entr.A, fl.5, ap.10 1784 Sofia Bulgaria Bulgaria
  • SNF SA, ZAC de Milieux 42163 Andrézieux France
  • VJ-Nordic Oy, Männikkötie 5 A 86900 Pyhäkumpu Finland

Substance names and other identifiers

Sodium O-isobutyl dithiocarbonate
EC Inventory
sodium O-isobutyl dithiocarbonate
REACH pre-registration
Carbonodithioic acid O-(2-Methylpropyl) ester, sodium salt
C&L Inventory
SIBX
Registration dossier
sodium [(2-methylpropoxy)methanethioyl]sulfanide
Other
Sodium butan-2-yloxymethanedithioic acid
C&L Inventory, Registration dossier
Sodium isobutyl xanthate
Registration dossier
sodium O-isobutyl dithiocarbonate
C&L Inventory, Registration dossier
sodium O-isobutyl dithiocarbonate
Registration dossier
SIBX
Registration dossier
Sodium isobutyl xanthate
Registration dossier
25306-75-6
CAS number
EC Inventory, C&L Inventory, Registration dossier, REACH pre-registration

Scientific properties

Physical and chemical properties

This section provides physicochemical information compiled from all automatically processable data from REACH registration dossiers that is available to ECHA at the time of generation. The quality and correctness of the information remains the responsibility of the data submitter. The Agency thus cannot guarantee the correctness of the information displayed.

Appearance/physical state / colour

Study results
  • 7 studies submitted
  • 6 studies processed
C Physical state at 20°C and 1013 hPa
Solid (100%) [6]
C Form
Pellets (40%), Powder (40%), Solid: pellets (10%), Other (10%) [10]
C Odour
Odourless (80%), Characteristic of sulfur-containing compounds (20%) [5]
C Substance type
Organic (100%) [4]

Type of Study provided
Studies with data
Key study 2 4
Supporting study 1
Weight of evidence
Other
Data waiving
no waivers
C Summaries
  • 5 summaries submitted
  • 5 summaries processed
Physical state at 20°C and 1013 hPa
Solid (100%)
Form
Solid: bulk (50%), Solid: particulate/powder (50%)
Colour
yellow (100%)
Colour Intensity
light (100%)

Melting/freezing point

Study results
  • 8 studies submitted
  • 4 studies processed
R Melting / freezing point
202.59 °C @ 0 Pa [4]

Type of Study provided
Studies with data
Key study 1 4
Supporting study 2
Weight of evidence
Other
Data waiving
Not feasible 1
Sci. unjustified
Exposure cons.
Other
R Summaries
  • 5 summaries submitted
  • 5 summaries processed
Melting / freezing point at 101 325 Pa
170 - 202.59 °C

Boiling point

Study results
  • 5 studies submitted
  • 4 studies processed
R Boiling point
478.58 °C @ 0 Pa [4]

Type of Study provided
Studies with data
Key study 4
Supporting study
Weight of evidence
Other
Data waiving
Not feasible 1
Sci. unjustified
Exposure cons.
Other
R Summaries
  • 5 summaries submitted
  • 5 summaries processed
Boiling point at 101 325 Pa
170 - 478.58 °C

Density

Study results
  • 7 studies submitted
  • 6 studies processed
R Bulk density
0.65 g/cm³ @ 20 °C [1]
R Relative density
1.224 - 1.24 @ 20 - 25 °C [5]

Type of Study provided
Studies with data
Key study 2 4
Supporting study 1
Weight of evidence
Other
Data waiving
no waivers
R Summaries
  • 5 summaries submitted
  • 5 summaries processed
Relative density at 20°C
1.24

Vapour pressure

Study results
  • 6 studies submitted
  • 6 studies processed
R Vapour pressure
0 - 0 Pa @ 20 - 25 °C [6]

Type of Study provided
Studies with data
Key study 5
Supporting study
Weight of evidence 1
Other
Data waiving
no waivers
R Summaries
  • 5 summaries submitted
  • 5 summaries processed
Vapour pressure
0 - 0 Pa @ 25 °C

Partition coefficient

Study results
  • 10 studies submitted
  • 5 studies processed
R Log Pow
-1.33 @ 20 - 25 °C and pH 7 [5]

Type of Study provided
Studies with data
Key study
Supporting study 1
Weight of evidence 5
Other
Data waiving
Not feasible
Sci. unjustified
Exposure cons.
Other 4
R Summaries
  • 5 summaries submitted
  • 5 summaries processed
Log Kow (Log Pow)
-1.33 @ 20 °C

Water solubility

Study results
  • 13 studies submitted
  • 11 studies processed
R Water solubility (mass/vol.)
662.6 - 573 000 mg/L @ 0 - 35 °C and pH 7 - 11 [18]

Type of Study provided
Studies with data
Key study 2
Supporting study 1
Weight of evidence 2 8
Other
Data waiving
no waivers
R Summaries
  • 5 summaries submitted
  • 5 summaries processed
Water solubility
662.6 - 510 000 mg/L @ 20 - 25 °C

Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility

Study results
  • 4 studies submitted
  • 0 studies processed

No automatically processable data submitted

Type of Study provided
Studies with data
Key study
Supporting study
Weight of evidence
Other
Data waiving
Not feasible
Sci. unjustified
Exposure cons.
Other 4
Summaries
  • 4 summaries submitted
  • 0 summaries processed

No automatically processable data submitted

Surface tension

Study results
  • 8 studies submitted
  • 1 study processed
R Surface tension
70.82 mN/m @ 1 g/L and 20 °C [1]

Type of Study provided
Studies with data
Key study 1
Supporting study 2
Weight of evidence
Other
Data waiving
Not feasible 1
Sci. unjustified
Exposure cons.
Other 4
R Summaries
  • 5 summaries submitted
  • 1 summary processed
Surface tension at 20 °C
70.82 mN/m @ 1 000 mg/L

Flash point

Study results
  • 6 studies submitted
  • 0 studies processed

No automatically processable data submitted

Type of Study provided
Studies with data
Key study
Supporting study
Weight of evidence
Other
Data waiving
Not feasible 2
Sci. unjustified
Exposure cons.
Other 4
Summaries
  • 5 summaries submitted
  • 0 summaries processed

No automatically processable data submitted

Auto flammability

Study results
  • 23 studies submitted
  • 12 studies processed
R Autoflammability / self-ignition
90 - 120 °C @ 101.3 kPa [12]

Type of Study provided
Studies with data
Key study 2
Supporting study 1 4
Weight of evidence 12
Other
Data waiving
Not feasible
Sci. unjustified
Exposure cons.
Other 4
R Summaries
  • 4 summaries submitted
  • 4 summaries processed
Autoflammability / self-ignition at 101 325 Pa
99 °C

Flammability

Study results
  • 12 studies submitted
  • 6 studies processed
C Interpretation of results
Highly flammable (67%), flammable solids (Cat. 2) (33%) [6]

Type of Study provided
Studies with data
Key study 1 1 4
Supporting study 1
Weight of evidence
Other
Data waiving
Not feasible 1
Sci. unjustified
Exposure cons.
Other 4
C Summaries
  • 5 summaries submitted
  • 5 summaries processed
Flammability
Highly flammable (100%)

Explosiveness

Study results
  • 6 studies submitted
  • 0 studies processed

No automatically processable data submitted

Type of Study provided
Studies with data
Key study
Supporting study
Weight of evidence
Other
Data waiving
Not feasible
Sci. unjustified 2
Exposure cons.
Other 4
C Summaries
  • 5 summaries submitted
  • 5 summaries processed
Explosiveness
Non-explosive (100%)

Oxidising

Study results
  • 7 studies submitted
  • 0 studies processed

No automatically processable data submitted

Type of Study provided
Studies with data
Key study
Supporting study 1
Weight of evidence
Other
Data waiving
Not feasible
Sci. unjustified 2
Exposure cons.
Other 4
C Summaries
  • 5 summaries submitted
  • 5 summaries processed
Oxidising
No (100%)

Oxidation reduction potential

Study results
  • 4 studies submitted
  • 0 studies processed

No automatically processable data submitted

Type of Study provided
Studies with data
Key study
Supporting study
Weight of evidence
Other
Data waiving
Not feasible
Sci. unjustified
Exposure cons.
Other 4
Summaries
  • 4 summaries submitted
  • 0 summaries processed

No automatically processable data submitted

pH

Study results
  • 4 studies submitted
  • 0 studies processed

No automatically processable data submitted

Type of Study provided
Studies with data
Key study
Supporting study
Weight of evidence
Other
Data waiving
Not feasible
Sci. unjustified
Exposure cons.
Other 4

No summary exists for this scientific endpoint

Dissociation constant

Study results
  • 7 studies submitted
  • 2 studies processed
C Dissociating properties
Yes (100%) [2]
R Dissociation constant
1.6 @ 20 °C [2]

Type of Study provided
Studies with data
Key study 1
Supporting study 1
Weight of evidence 1
Other
Data waiving
Not feasible
Sci. unjustified
Exposure cons.
Other 4
R Summaries
  • 5 summaries submitted
  • 1 summary processed
pKa at 20 °C
8.66

Viscosity

Study results
  • 6 studies submitted
  • 0 studies processed

No automatically processable data submitted

Type of Study provided
Studies with data
Key study
Supporting study
Weight of evidence
Other
Data waiving
Not feasible 2
Sci. unjustified
Exposure cons.
Other 4
Summaries
  • 5 summaries submitted
  • 0 summaries processed

No automatically processable data submitted

Environmental fate and pathways

This section provides environmental fate and pathways information compiled from all automatically processable data from REACH registration dossiers that is available to ECHA at the time of generation. The quality and correctness of the information remains the responsibility of the data submitter. The Agency thus cannot guarantee the correctness of the information displayed.

Phototransformation in air

Study results
  • 10 studies submitted
  • 4 studies processed
R Degradation rate constant (OH radicals)
0 cm³ molecule-1 d-1 [4]

Type of Study provided
Studies with data
Key study
Supporting study 1
Weight of evidence 4
Other
Data waiving
Not feasible
Sci. unjustified 1
Exposure cons.
Other 4
R Summaries
  • 5 summaries submitted
  • 5 summaries processed
Half life in air
16.008 - 41.592 h
Degradation rate constant with OH radicals
0 - 0.005 cm³ molecule-1 d-1

Hydrolysis

Study results
  • 16 studies submitted
  • 0 studies processed

Study data not processed for brief profile

Type of Study provided
Studies with data
Key study
Supporting study 4
Weight of evidence 6
Other
Data waiving
Not feasible
Sci. unjustified 2
Exposure cons.
Other 4
R Summaries
  • 5 summaries submitted
  • 4 summaries processed
Half-life for hydrolysis
10.833 days @ 25 °C

Phototransformation in water

Study results
  • 4 studies submitted
  • 0 studies processed

No automatically processable data submitted

Type of Study provided
Studies with data
Key study
Supporting study
Weight of evidence
Other
Data waiving
Not feasible
Sci. unjustified
Exposure cons.
Other 4
Summaries
  • 4 summaries submitted
  • 0 summaries processed

No automatically processable data submitted

Phototransformation in soil

Study results
  • 4 studies submitted
  • 0 studies processed

No automatically processable data submitted

Type of Study provided
Studies with data
Key study
Supporting study
Weight of evidence
Other
Data waiving
Not feasible
Sci. unjustified
Exposure cons.
Other 4
Summaries
  • 4 summaries submitted
  • 0 summaries processed

No automatically processable data submitted

Biodegradation in water - screening tests

Study results
  • 22 studies submitted
  • 13 studies processed
C Interpretation of results
Readily biodegradable (100%) [13]

Type of Study provided
Studies with data
Key study 3 2
Supporting study 1 4
Weight of evidence 1 7
Other
Data waiving
Not feasible
Sci. unjustified
Exposure cons.
Other 4
C Summaries
  • 5 summaries submitted
  • 5 summaries processed
Biodegradation in water
Readily biodegradable (100%)
Type of water
Freshwater (100%)

Biodegradation in water & sediment - simulation tests

Study results
  • 0 studies submitted
  • 0 studies processed

Study data not processed for brief profile

Type of Study provided
Studies with data
Key study
Supporting study
Weight of evidence
Other
Data waiving
no waivers
Summaries
  • 5 summaries submitted
  • 0 summaries processed

No automatically processable data submitted

Biodegradation in soil

Study results
  • 6 studies submitted
  • 0 studies processed

Study data not processed for brief profile

Type of Study provided
Studies with data
Key study
Supporting study
Weight of evidence
Other
Data waiving
Not feasible
Sci. unjustified 3
Exposure cons.
Other 3
Summaries
  • 5 summaries submitted
  • 0 summaries processed

No automatically processable data submitted

Bioaccumulation: aquatic / sediment

Study results
  • 10 studies submitted
  • 0 studies processed

Study data not processed for brief profile

Type of Study provided
Studies with data
Key study
Supporting study
Weight of evidence 4
Other
Data waiving
Not feasible
Sci. unjustified 3
Exposure cons.
Other 3
R Summaries
  • 5 summaries submitted
  • 4 summaries processed
Bioaccumulation Factor (BCF) - L/kg ww
6.899 L/kg ww

Bioaccumulation: terrestrial

Study results
  • 4 studies submitted
  • 0 studies processed

Study data not processed for brief profile

Type of Study provided
Studies with data
Key study
Supporting study
Weight of evidence
Other
Data waiving
Not feasible
Sci. unjustified
Exposure cons.
Other 4
R Summaries
  • 5 summaries submitted
  • 4 summaries processed
Bioaccumulation Factor (BCF) - L/kg ww
6.899 L/kg ww

Adsorption/desorption

Study results
  • 11 studies submitted
  • 1 study processed
R Koc
11.7 L/kg [1]
R log Koc
0.399 dimensionless [1]

Type of Study provided
Studies with data
Key study
Supporting study 1
Weight of evidence 4
Other
Data waiving
Not feasible
Sci. unjustified 2
Exposure cons.
Other 4
R Summaries
  • 5 summaries submitted
  • 5 summaries processed
Koc at 20°C
1 - 11.7

Henrys law constant (H)

Study results
  • 4 studies submitted
  • 4 studies processed
R H - (pressure) m³/mol
0 Pa m³/mol @ 25 °C and 101.325 kPa [4]

Type of Study provided
Studies with data
Key study
Supporting study
Weight of evidence 4
Other
Data waiving
no waivers
R Summaries
  • 4 summaries submitted
  • 4 summaries processed
Henry's law constant
0 Pa.m³.mol-1 @ 25 °C

Distribution modelling

Study results
  • 7 studies submitted
  • 5 studies processed
% Distribution in Media:
R Air 0 - 0 % [5]
R Water 29.7 - 37.7 % [5]
R Soil 62.2 - 70.2 % [5]
R Sediment 0.069 - 0.071 % [5]
R Suspended sediment 0 % [4]
R Biota 0 % [4]
R Aerosol 0 % [4]

Type of Study provided
Studies with data
Key study 1
Supporting study 2
Weight of evidence 4
Other
Data waiving
no waivers

No summary exists for this scientific endpoint

Ecotoxicological information

This section provides ecotoxicological information compiled from all automatically processable data from REACH registration dossiers that is available to ECHA at the time of generation. The quality and correctness of the information remains the responsibility of the data submitter. The Agency thus cannot guarantee the correctness of the information displayed.

Predicted No-Effect Concentration (PNEC)

R Summaries
  • 5 summaries submitted
  • 5 summaries processed

The Predicted No-Effect Concentration (PNEC) value is the concentration of a substance below which adverse effects in the environment are not expected to occur. Please note that when more than one summary is provided, PNEC values may refer to constituents of the substance and not to the substance as a whole. More detailed information is available in the dossiers.

Hazard for Aquatic Organisms
Freshwater 20 - 1 400 µg/L (5)
Intermittent releases (freshwater) 560 - 700 µg/L (5)
Marine water 2 - 2 660 µg/L (5)
Intermittent releases (marine water) 56 µg/L (1)
Sewage treatment plant (STP) 1 mg/L (4)
Sediment (freshwater) 100 - 6 300 µg/kg sediment dw (5)
Sediment (marine water) 100 - 630 µg/kg sediment dw (5)
Hazard for Air
Air 10 mg/m³ (4)
Hazard for Terrestrial Organism
Soil 52.5 - 1 800 µg/kg soil dw (5)
Hazard for Predators
Secondary poisoning 133.3 mg/kg food (4)

Short–term toxicity to fish

Study results
  • 103 studies submitted
  • 95 studies processed
P/RResults
LC50 (4 days) 10 - 1 000 000 µg/L [107]
LC50 (48 h) 18 - 196 mg/L [5]
LC50 (24 h) 10 - 25 mg/L [11]
LC0 (48 h) 6 - 12 mg/L [3]
LC100 (4 days) 56 - 180 mg/L [6]

Type of Study provided
Studies with data
Key study 14
Supporting study 7
Weight of evidence 27 8 47
Other
Data waiving
no waivers
Summaries
  • 5 summaries submitted
  • 0 summaries processed

No automatically processable data submitted

Long–term toxicity to fish

Study results
  • 33 studies submitted
  • 19 studies processed
P/RResults
NOEC (30 days) 21.281 - 26.607 mg/L [8]
NOEC (8 days) 1 - 5.66 mg/L [20]
EC50 (28 days) 100 - 1 000 µg/L [2]
LC50 (28 days) 70 - 50 000 µg/L [5]

Type of Study provided
Studies with data
Key study 3 1
Supporting study 2 1 8
Weight of evidence 4 10 4
Other
Data waiving
no waivers
Summaries
  • 5 summaries submitted
  • 0 summaries processed

No automatically processable data submitted

Short–term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Study results
  • 43 studies submitted
  • 28 studies processed
P/RResults
EC50 (48 h) 7.24 mg/L [1]
EC50 (24 h) 350 - 3 700 µg/L [11]
LC50 (4 days) 8.5 - 241.858 mg/L [10]
LC50 (48 h) 560 - 113 157 µg/L [5]
EC10 (24 h) 1.7 - 1.9 mg/L [9]

Type of Study provided
Studies with data
Key study 6 6
Supporting study 4 11
Weight of evidence 2 8 6
Other
Data waiving
no waivers
Summaries
  • 5 summaries submitted
  • 0 summaries processed

No automatically processable data submitted

Long–term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Study results
  • 14 studies submitted
  • 14 studies processed
P/RResults
NOEC (30 days) 12.669 - 22.314 mg/L [8]
NOEC (21 days) 310 - 20 000 µg/L [7]
LOEC (21 days) 5 mg/L [2]
EC10 (21 days) 47 - 1 250 µg/L [2]
EC50 (21 days) 372 - 2 500 µg/L [2]

Type of Study provided
Studies with data
Key study 2
Supporting study
Weight of evidence 1 8 3
Other
Data waiving
no waivers
Summaries
  • 5 summaries submitted
  • 0 summaries processed

No automatically processable data submitted

Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria

Study results
  • 17 studies submitted
  • 14 studies processed
P/RResults
EC50 (4 days) 21 - 48.819 mg/L [12]
EC50 (72 h) 325 - 2 100 µg/L [3]
EC50 (48 h) 230 - 1 250 mg/L [8]
NOEC (30 days) 17.983 mg/L [4]
NOEC (72 h) 310 µg/L [2]

Type of Study provided
Studies with data
Key study 2
Supporting study 3
Weight of evidence 1 4 7
Other
Data waiving
no waivers
R Summaries
  • 5 summaries submitted
  • 5 summaries processed
EC50 for freshwater algae
2.1 - 48.819 mg/L
EC50 for marine water algae
4.88 mg/L
EC10 or NOEC for freshwater algae
17.983 mg/L
EC10 or NOEC for marine water algae
1.8 mg/L

Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae

Study results
  • 11 studies submitted
  • 9 studies processed
P/RResults
EC50 (14 days) 10 - 20 mg/L [9]
EC90 (14 days) 10 - 20 mg/L [1]

Type of Study provided
Studies with data
Key study 1
Supporting study 2
Weight of evidence 4 4
Other
Data waiving
no waivers
R Summaries
  • 5 summaries submitted
  • 5 summaries processed
EC50 for freshwater plants
10 mg/L
EC50 for marine water plants
1 mg/L
EC10 or NOEC for freshwater plants
2 mg/L
EC10 or NOEC for marine water plants
200 µg/L

Toxicity to microorganisms

Study results
  • 19 studies submitted
  • 4 studies processed
P/RResults
EC50 (3 h) 50 mg/L [4]

Type of Study provided
Studies with data
Key study 4
Supporting study 5 8
Weight of evidence
Other
Data waiving
Not feasible
Sci. unjustified 2
Exposure cons.
Other
R Summaries
  • 5 summaries submitted
  • 5 summaries processed
EC50 for microorganisms
50 - 220.4 mg/L
EC10 or NOEC for microorganisms
10 mg/L

Sediment toxicity

Study results
  • 10 studies submitted
  • 4 studies processed
P/RResults
LC50 (14 days) 315.602 mg/kg sediment dw [4]

Type of Study provided
Studies with data
Key study
Supporting study
Weight of evidence 4
Other
Data waiving
Not feasible
Sci. unjustified 1
Exposure cons. 1
Other 4
R Summaries
  • 5 summaries submitted
  • 5 summaries processed
EC50 / LC50 for freshwater sediment
100 - 315.602 mg/kg sediment dw
EC50 / LC50 for marine water sediment
31.56 mg/kg sediment dw
EC10 / LC10 or NOEC for freshwater sediment
63.1 mg/kg sediment dw
EC10 / LC10 or NOEC for marine water sediment
6.31 mg/kg sediment dw

Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo

Data not provided by the registrant

Toxicity to terrestrial macroorganisms except arthropods

Study results
  • 8 studies submitted
  • 6 studies processed
P/RResults
NOEC (28 days) 320 mg/kg soil dw [2]
EC50 (28 days) 1 g/kg soil dw [2]
LC50 (28 days) 1 g/kg soil dw [2]
LC50 (14 days) 315.602 mg/kg soil ww [4]

Type of Study provided
Studies with data
Key study 1 1 4
Supporting study
Weight of evidence
Other
Data waiving
Not feasible
Sci. unjustified 2
Exposure cons.
Other
R Summaries
  • 5 summaries submitted
  • 5 summaries processed
Short-term EC50 / LC50
315.602 mg/kg soil dw
Long-term EC10 / LC10 / NOEC
63.1 - 320 mg/kg soil dw

Toxicity to terrestrial arthropods

Study results
  • 17 studies submitted
  • 0 studies processed

No automatically processable data submitted

Type of Study provided
Studies with data
Key study
Supporting study 12
Weight of evidence
Other
Data waiving
Not feasible
Sci. unjustified 1
Exposure cons.
Other 4
R Summaries
  • 4 summaries submitted
  • 4 summaries processed
Short-term EC50 / LC50
169.7 mg/kg soil dw
Long-term EC10 / LC10 / NOEC
3.08 mg/kg soil dw

Toxicity to terrestrial plants

Study results
  • 20 studies submitted
  • 7 studies processed
P/RResults
NOEC (30 days) 17.983 mg/kg soil dw [4]
NOEC (14 days) 100 mg/kg soil dw [1]
EC50 (14 days) 52.5 mg/kg soil dw [2]
EC50 (7 days) 351 mg/kg soil dw [1]
EC50 (4 days) 48.819 mg/kg soil dw [4]

Type of Study provided
Studies with data
Key study 1 1
Supporting study 11
Weight of evidence 1 4
Other
Data waiving
Not feasible
Sci. unjustified 2
Exposure cons.
Other
R Summaries
  • 5 summaries submitted
  • 5 summaries processed
Short-term EC50 / LC50
48.819 - 52.5 mg/kg soil dw
Long-term EC10 / LC10 / NOEC
17.893 mg/kg soil dw

Toxicity to soil microorganisms

Study results
  • 16 studies submitted
  • 6 studies processed
P/RResults
EC10 (28 days) 125 mg/kg soil dw [2]
EC25 (28 days) 126 mg/kg soil dw [2]
EC50 (28 days) 553.9 mg/kg soil dw [2]
EC50 (14 days) 2.1 - 4.75 mg/kg soil dw [8]
EC50 (5 days) 210 - 475 µg/kg soil dw [8]

Type of Study provided
Studies with data
Key study 1 1
Supporting study 4
Weight of evidence 4
Other
Data waiving
Not feasible
Sci. unjustified 2
Exposure cons.
Other 4
R Summaries
  • 5 summaries submitted
  • 4 summaries processed
Short-term EC50
22.6 mg/kg soil dw

Toxicity to birds

Study results
  • 6 studies submitted
  • 0 studies processed

No automatically processable data submitted

Type of Study provided
Studies with data
Key study
Supporting study
Weight of evidence
Other
Data waiving
Not feasible
Sci. unjustified 2
Exposure cons. 4
Other
Summaries
  • 5 summaries submitted
  • 0 summaries processed

No automatically processable data submitted

Toxicity to mammals

Study results
  • 12 studies submitted
  • 8 studies processed
P/RResults
NOEC (30 days) 4 000 mg/kg diet [4]
NOEC (24 h) 4 150 - 9 387.3 mg/kg diet [8]

Type of Study provided
Studies with data
Key study 4
Supporting study
Weight of evidence 4
Other
Data waiving
Not feasible
Sci. unjustified
Exposure cons.
Other 4
R Summaries
  • 4 summaries submitted
  • 4 summaries processed
Short-term EC50 / LC50
20.75 g/kg food
Long-term EC10 / LC10 / NOEC
4 g/kg food

Toxicological information

This section provides toxicological information compiled from all automatically processable data from REACH registration dossiers that is available to ECHA at the time of generation. The quality and correctness of the information remains the responsibility of the data submitter. The Agency thus cannot guarantee the correctness of the information displayed.

Derived No- or Minimal Effect Level (DN(M)EL)

M/C Summaries
  • 5 summaries submitted
  • 5 summaries processed

The derived no- or minimum effect level (DN(M)EL) is the level of exposure above which a human should not be exposed to a substance. Please note that when more than one summary is provided, DN(M)EL values may refer to constituents of the substance and not to the substance as a whole. More detailed information is available in the dossiers.

Data for WORKERS
INHALATION Exposure Threshold Most sensitive study
Systemic Effects
Long-term: (DNEL) 223 µg/m³ repeated dose toxicity
Acute /short term: (DNEL) 4.6 mg/m³ repeated dose toxicity
Local Effects
Long-term: (DNEL) 4.6 mg/m³ repeated dose toxicity
Acute /short term: (DNEL) 4.6 mg/m³ repeated dose toxicity
DERMAL Exposure Threshold Most sensitive study
Systemic Effects
Long-term: (DNEL) 700 µg/kg bw/day repeated dose toxicity
Acute /short term: (DNEL) 40 mg/kg bw/day acute toxicity
Local Effects
Long-term: (DNEL) 790 µg/cm² acute toxicity
Acute /short term: (DNEL) 790 µg/cm² acute toxicity
EYE Exposure
High hazard (no threshold derived)
Data for the GENERAL POPULATION
INHALATION Exposure Threshold Most sensitive study
Systemic Effects
Long-term: (DNEL) 39.7 µg/m³ repeated dose toxicity
Acute /short term: (DNEL) 2.3 mg/m³ repeated dose toxicity
Local Effects
Long-term: (DNEL) 2.3 mg/m³ repeated dose toxicity
Acute /short term: (DNEL) 2.3 mg/m³ repeated dose toxicity
DERMAL Exposure Threshold Most sensitive study
Systemic Effects
Long-term: (DNEL) 33.3 µg/kg bw/day repeated dose toxicity
Acute /short term: (DNEL) 20 mg/kg bw/day acute toxicity
Local Effects
Long-term: (DNEL) 394 µg/cm² acute toxicity
Acute /short term: (DNEL) 394 µg/cm² acute toxicity
ORAL Exposure Threshold Most sensitive study
Systemic Effects
Long-term: (DNEL) 33.3 µg/kg bw/day repeated dose toxicity
Acute /short term: (DNEL) 10 mg/kg bw/day acute toxicity
EYE Exposure
High hazard (no threshold derived)

Toxicokinetics, metabolism, and distribution

Study results
Study data: basic toxicokinetics
  • 29 studies submitted
  • 0 studies processed

Study data not processed for brief profile

Type of Study provided
Study data: basic toxicokinetics
Studies with data
Key study 1 8
Supporting study 3 12
Weight of evidence 1 4
Other
Data waiving
no waivers
Study data: dermal absorption
  • 9 studies submitted
  • 0 studies processed

Study data not processed for brief profile

Study data: dermal absorption
Studies with data
Key study
Supporting study 1 4
Weight of evidence 4
Other
Data waiving
no waivers
M/C Summaries
  • 5 summaries submitted
  • 5 summaries processed
Bioaccumulation potential:
No bioaccumulation potential
Absorption values
Dermal: 1 %

Acute toxicity

Study results
oral
  • 36 studies submitted
  • 31 studies processed
P/RResults
LD50 500 - 2 000 mg/kg bw (rat) [16]
LD0 500 - 1 000 mg/kg bw (rat) [2]
LD50 308 - 730 mg/kg bw (mouse) [23]
M/CInterpretations of results
Category 3 based on GHS criteria [1]

Type of Study provided
oral
Studies with data
Key study 6 16
Supporting study 5
Weight of evidence 9
Other
Data waiving
no waivers
inhalation
  • 19 studies submitted
  • 8 studies processed
P/RResults
LC50 (6 h) 18.18 mg/m³ air (rat) [4]
LC0 (6 h) 18.2 mg/m³ air (rat) [4]
LC0 (6 h) 6 000 ppm (rat) [4]
M/CInterpretations of results
Category 4 based on GHS criteria [4]

inhalation
Studies with data
Key study
Supporting study 1 8
Weight of evidence 2 6
Other
Data waiving
Not feasible
Sci. unjustified 2
Exposure cons.
Other
dermal
  • 14 studies submitted
  • 13 studies processed
P/RResults
LD50 1 000 mg/kg bw (rat) [1]
LD50 1 000 - 2 460 mg/kg bw (rabbit) [16]
M/CInterpretations of results
Category 4 based on GHS criteria [8]

dermal
Studies with data
Key study 1 4
Supporting study
Weight of evidence 1 7
Other
Data waiving
Not feasible
Sci. unjustified 1
Exposure cons.
Other
other routes
  • 8 studies submitted
  • 0 studies processed

No automatically processable data submitted

other routes
Studies with data
Key study
Supporting study 8
Weight of evidence
Other
Data waiving
no waivers
M/C Summaries
  • 5 summaries submitted
  • 5 summaries processed
Oral route:
Adverse effect observed LD50 500 mg/kg bw
Inhalation route:
Adverse effect observed LC50 7.69 mg/L air
Dermal route:
Adverse effect observed LD50 1 000 mg/kg bw

Irritation / corrosion

Study results
Study data: skin
  • 14 studies submitted
  • 0 studies processed

Study data not processed for brief profile

Type of Study provided
Study data: skin
Studies with data
Key study 2
Supporting study 2
Weight of evidence 1 7
Other
Data waiving
Not feasible
Sci. unjustified 2
Exposure cons.
Other
Study data: eye
  • 17 studies submitted
  • 0 studies processed

Study data not processed for brief profile

Study data: eye
Studies with data
Key study 2
Supporting study 1
Weight of evidence 1 11
Other
Data waiving
Not feasible
Sci. unjustified 2
Exposure cons.
Other
M/C Summaries
  • 5 summaries submitted
  • 5 summaries processed
Skin
Adverse effect observed (irritating)
Eye
Adverse effect observed (irreversible damage)
Respiratory
No adverse effect observed (not irritating)

Sensitisation

Study results
Study data: skin
  • 12 studies submitted
  • 0 studies processed

Study data not processed for brief profile

Type of Study provided
Study data: skin
Studies with data
Key study 1
Supporting study 1 3
Weight of evidence 1 4
Other
Data waiving
Not feasible
Sci. unjustified 2
Exposure cons.
Other
Study data: respiratory
  • 8 studies submitted
  • 0 studies processed

Study data not processed for brief profile

Study data: respiratory
Studies with data
Key study 4
Supporting study
Weight of evidence
Other
Data waiving
Not feasible
Sci. unjustified
Exposure cons.
Other 4
M/C Summaries
  • 5 summaries submitted
  • 5 summaries processed
Skin sensitisation
Adverse effect observed (sensitising)
Respiratory sensitisation
No adverse effect observed (not sensitising)

Repeated dose toxicity

Study results
Study data: oral
  • 19 studies submitted
  • 9 studies processed
P/RResults
NOAEL (rat): 10 - 253 mg/kg bw/day [6]
LOAEL (rat): 10 mg/kg bw/day [3]

Type of Study provided
Study data: oral
Studies with data
Key study 2 1
Supporting study 5 2 3
Weight of evidence 1 5
Other
Data waiving
no waivers
Study data: inhalation
  • 22 studies submitted
  • 20 studies processed
P/RResults
NOAEC (rat): 23 - 100 mg/m³ air [5]
NOAEC (mouse): 23 - 100 mg/m³ air [5]
NOAEC (dog): 23 mg/m³ air [4]
NOAEC (rabbit): 23 - 800 mg/m³ air [5]
LOAEC (rat): 800 mg/m³ air [1]

Study data: inhalation
Studies with data
Key study 4 16
Supporting study 2
Weight of evidence
Other
Data waiving
no waivers
Study data: dermal
  • 4 studies submitted
  • 4 studies processed
P/RResults
NOAEL (rabbit): 169 - 300 mg/kg bw/day [8]

Study data: dermal
Studies with data
Key study 4
Supporting study
Weight of evidence
Other
Data waiving
no waivers
M/C Summaries
  • 5 summaries submitted
  • 5 summaries processed
Oral route - systemic effects:
No adverse effect observed NOAEL 10 mg/kg bw/day (subchronic, rat)
Dermal route - systemic effects:
No adverse effect observed NOAEL 169 mg/kg bw/day (subacute, rabbit)
Dermal route - local effects:
No adverse effect observed NOAEL 3.33 mg/cm² (subacute, rabbit)
Inhalation route - systemic effects:
No adverse effect observed NOAEC 23 mg/m³ (subacute, rat)

Genetic toxicity

Study results
Study data: in vitro
  • 41 studies submitted
  • 0 studies processed

Study data not processed for brief profile

Type of Study provided
Study data: in vitro
Studies with data
Key study 4 1 2
Supporting study 3
Weight of evidence 4 4 23
Other
Data waiving
no waivers
Study data: in vivo
  • 31 studies submitted
  • 0 studies processed

Study data not processed for brief profile

Study data: in vivo
Studies with data
Key study 1
Supporting study 6 4
Weight of evidence 1 19
Other
Data waiving
no waivers
M/C Summaries
  • 5 summaries submitted
  • 4 summaries processed
Toxicity - InVitro
No adverse effect observed (negative)

Carcinogenicity

Study results
  • 12 studies submitted
  • 0 studies processed

Study data not processed for brief profile

Type of Study provided
Studies with data
Key study
Supporting study
Weight of evidence 8
Other
Data waiving
Not feasible
Sci. unjustified
Exposure cons.
Other 4
M/C Summaries
  • 5 summaries submitted
  • 4 summaries processed
Oral route:
No adverse effect observed NOAEL 82 mg/kg bw/day (chronic, mouse)
Dermal route:
No adverse effect observed NOAEL 640 µg/kg bw/day (chronic, mouse)
Inhalation route:
No adverse effect observed NOAEC 3.5 mg/m³ (chronic, mouse)

Toxicity to reproduction

Study results
Study data: reproduction
  • 46 studies submitted
  • 0 studies processed

Study data not processed for brief profile

Type of Study provided
Study data: reproduction
Studies with data
Key study 2 2 6 8
Supporting study 2 5
Weight of evidence 15 3
Other
Data waiving
Not feasible
Sci. unjustified 3
Exposure cons.
Other
Study data: developmental
  • 41 studies submitted
  • 0 studies processed

Study data not processed for brief profile

Study data: developmental
Studies with data
Key study 3 3 4
Supporting study 4 12
Weight of evidence 3 12
Other
Data waiving
no waivers
Study data: other studies
  • 4 studies submitted
  • 0 studies processed

Study data not processed for brief profile

Study data: other studies
Studies with data
Key study
Supporting study 4
Weight of evidence
Other
Data waiving
no waivers
M/C Summaries
  • 5 summaries submitted
  • 5 summaries processed
Effect on fertility
Oral route:
No adverse effect observed NOAEL 89.36 mg/kg bw/day (subacute, rat)
Dermal route:
No adverse effect observed NOAEL 2.23 mg/kg bw/day (subacute, rat)
Inhalation route:
No adverse effect observed NOAEC 7.5 mg/L (subchronic, rat)
Effect on developmental toxicity
Oral route:
No adverse effect observed NOAEL 100 mg/kg bw/day (subacute, rat)
Dermal route:
No adverse effect observed NOAEL 6.25 mg/kg bw/day (subacute, rat)
Inhalation route:
Adverse effect observed NOAEC 10 mg/L (subacute, rat)

Neurotoxicity

Study results
  • 36 studies submitted
  • 0 studies processed

Study data not processed for brief profile

Type of Study provided
Studies with data
Key study
Supporting study 4
Weight of evidence 32
Other
Data waiving
no waivers
M/C Summaries
  • 5 summaries submitted
  • 4 summaries processed
Oral route:
No adverse effect observed LOAEL 300 mg/kg bw/day (subchronic, rat)
Dermal route:
No adverse effect observed LOAEL 7.5 mg/kg bw/day (subchronic, rat)
Inhalation route:
No adverse effect observed NOAEC 156 mg/m³ (subchronic, rat)

Immunotoxicity

Study results
  • 4 studies submitted
  • 0 studies processed

Study data not processed for brief profile

Type of Study provided
Studies with data
Key study
Supporting study
Weight of evidence 4
Other
Data waiving
no waivers
M/C Summaries
  • 5 summaries submitted
  • 4 summaries processed
Oral route:
No adverse effect observed NOAEL 138 mg/kg bw/day (subacute, mouse)
Dermal route:
No adverse effect observed NOAEL 1.1 mg/kg bw/day (subacute, mouse)
Inhalation route:
No adverse effect observed NOAEC 6 mg/m³ (subacute, mouse)

Endocrine disrupter mammalian screening - in vivo

Data not provided by the registrant