Summary of Classification and Labelling
Harmonised classification - Annex VI of Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP Regulation)
General Information
Index Number EC / List no. CAS Number International Chemical Identification
605-022-00-X 203-856-5 111-30-8 glutaral
glutaraldehyde
1,5-pentanedial

ATP Inserted / Updated: CLP00/ATP09
CLP Classification (Table 3)
Classification Labelling Specific Concentration limits, M-Factors, Acute Toxicity Estimates (ATE) Notes
Hazard Class and Category Code(s) Hazard Statement Code(s) Hazard Statement Code(s) Supplementary Hazard Statement Code(s) Pictograms, Signal Word Code(s)
H410 EUH071
GHS08
GHS09
GHS05
GHS06
Dgr
STOT SE 3; H335: ,5 % ≤ C < 5 %


M=1
Acute Tox. 3 H301 H301
Skin Corr. 1B H314 H314
Skin Sens. 1A H317 H317
Acute Tox. 2 H330 H330
STOT SE 3 H335 H335
Resp. Sens. 1 H334 H334
Aquatic Acute 1 H400
Aquatic Chronic 2 H411

Signal Words Pictograms
Danger
GHS08
Health hazard
GHS09
Environment
GHS05
Corrosion
GHS06
Skull and crossbones
Seveso III Data
Disclaimer: Please note that some of the substances covered by the Seveso Directive can belong to more than one Seveso categories. It will be up to the users to decide whether their substance or mixture fall in one or in more of these classification categories depending on the tonnage bands and the concentrations.
Please also note that ECHA is not an authority for the Seveso Directive and that the Seveso categorisation below is provided for information only. The Seveso III Directive (Directive 2012/18/EU repealing Directive 96/82/EC (Seveso II) from 1 June 2015) is the only authentic legal reference and that the information in this inventory does not constitute legal advice. For further information on Seveso, please ask your national authority.

Seveso Data
Seveso Substance Seveso Categories
Yes H2
E1
Notified classification and labelling
General Information
EC / List no.
Name CAS Number
203-856-5 Glutaral 111-30-8

Notified classification and labelling according to CLP criteria
Classification Labelling Specific Concentration limits, M-Factors Notes Classification affected by Impurities / Additives

Additional Notified Information

Number of Notifiers

Joint Entries

Hazard Class and Category Code(s) Hazard Statement Code(s) Hazard Statement Code(s) Supplementary Hazard Statement Code(s) Pictograms, Signal Word Code(s)
Acute Tox. 3 H301 H301 EUH071
GHS08
GHS09
GHS05
GHS06
Dgr
STOT SE 3; : .5 % ≤ C < 5 %
State/Form
6 yes View details
Skin Corr. 1B H314 H314
Skin Sens. 1A H317 H317
Eye Dam. 1 H318  
Acute Tox. 2 H330 H330
Resp. Sens. 1 H334 H334
STOT SE 3 H335 (other:respirato...) H335
Aquatic Acute 1 H400 H400
Aquatic Chronic 2 H411 H411
Acute Tox. 3 H301 H301 GHS08
GHS09
GHS05
GHS06
Dgr
State/Form
4 yes View details
Skin Corr. 1B H314 H314
Skin Sens. 1A H317 H317
Acute Tox. 2 H330 H330
Resp. Sens. 1 H334 H334
STOT SE 3 H335 (other:respirato...) (inhalation) H335
Aquatic Acute 1 H400  
  H410
Aquatic Chronic 2 H411  
Acute Tox. 3 H301 H301 GHS08
GHS09
GHS05
GHS06
Dgr
STOT SE 3; : C ≥ .5 %
Eye Dam. 1; : 2 % ≤ C < 10 %
7546; : C ≥ .5 %
Skin Irrit. 2; : .5 % ≤ C < 10 %
Skin Corr. 1B; : C ≥ 10 %
Eye Irrit. 2; : .5 % ≤ C < 2 %
State/Form
1280 View details
Skin Corr. 1B H314 H314
Skin Sens. 1 H317 H317
Acute Tox. 3 H331 H331
Resp. Sens. 1 H334 H334
Aquatic Acute 1 H400 H400
Acute Tox. 3 H301 H301 GHS08
GHS09
GHS05
GHS06
Dgr
STOT SE 3; : C ≥ .5 %
Eye Irrit. 2; : .5 % ≤ C < 2 %
Skin Irrit. 2; : .5 % ≤ C < 10 %
Skin Corr. 1B; : C ≥ 10 %
Eye Dam. 1; : 2 % ≤ C < 10 %
176 View details
Skin Corr. 1B H314 H314
Skin Sens. 1 H317 H317
Acute Tox. 3 H331  
Resp. Sens. 1 H334 H334
Aquatic Acute 1 H400  
Acute Tox. 3 H301 H301 EUH071
GHS08
GHS05
GHS09
GHS06
Dgr
STOT SE 3; : .5 % ≤ C < 5 %


M=1
State/Form
87 View details
Skin Corr. 1B H314 H314
Skin Sens. 1 H317 H317
Eye Dam. 1 H318 H318
Acute Tox. 2 H330 H330
Resp. Sens. 1 H334 H334
STOT SE 3 H335 (other:respirato...) H335
Aquatic Acute 1 H400  
  H410
Aquatic Chronic 2 H411  
Acute Tox. 3 H301 H301 EUH071
GHS08
GHS09
GHS05
GHS06
Dgr
STOT SE 3; : .5 % ≤ C < 5 %


M=1
59 View details
Skin Corr. 1B H314 H314
Skin Sens. 1A H317 H317
Eye Dam. 1 H318  
Acute Tox. 2 H330 H330
Resp. Sens. 1 H334 H334
STOT SE 3 H335 (other:Respirato...) H335
Aquatic Acute 1 H400  
  H410
Aquatic Chronic 2 H411  
Met. Corr. 1 H290 H290 GHS05
GHS09
Dgr
State/Form
58 View details
Acute Tox. 3 H301 H301
Acute Tox. 5 H313  
Skin Corr. 1C H314 H314
Skin Sens. 1 H317 H317
Eye Dam. 1 H318  
Acute Tox. 2 H330  
  H331
Resp. Sens. 1 H334 H334
STOT SE 3 H335 (other:The upper...) (inhalation) H335
STOT SE 3 H335 (The upper respi...) (inhalation) H335
Aquatic Acute 1 H400 H400
  H301 EUH071
GHS08
GHS09
GHS05
GHS06
Dgr
51 View details
Skin Corr. 1B H314 H314
Skin Sens. 1 H317 H317
Eye Dam. 1 H318 H318
Acute Tox. 3 H331 H331
Resp. Sens. 1 H334 H334
Aquatic Acute 1 H400 H400
  H301 Dgr
Eye Dam. 1; : 2 % ≤ C < 10 %
Skin Irrit. 2; : .5 % ≤ C < 10 %
STOT SE 3; : C ≥ .5 %
7546; : C ≥ .5 %
Skin Corr. 1B; : C ≥ 10 %
Eye Irrit. 2; : .5 % ≤ C < 2 %
39 View details
  H314
  H317
  H331
  H334
  H400
Acute Tox. 3 H301   GHS08
GHS09
GHS05
GHS06
Dgr
38 View details
  H301+H331
Skin Corr. 1B H314 H314
Skin Sens. 1 H317 H317
Acute Tox. 3 H331  
Resp. Sens. 1 H334 H334
Aquatic Acute 1 H400 H400
Aquatic Chronic 2 H411 H411
Acute Tox. 3 H301 H301 EUH071
GHS08
GHS09
GHS05
GHS06
Dgr
STOT SE 3; : C ≥ .5 %


M=1
37 View details
Skin Corr. 1B H314 H314
Skin Sens. 1 H317 H317
Acute Tox. 2 H330 H330
Resp. Sens. 1 H334 H334
STOT SE 3 H335 (other:respirato...) (inhalation) H335
Aquatic Acute 1 H400 H400
Aquatic Chronic 2 H411 H411
Acute Tox. 3 H301 H301 EUH071
GHS08
GHS05
GHS09
GHS06
Dgr
STOT SE 3; : .5 % ≤ C < 5 %


M(Chronic)=1
State/Form
37 View details
Skin Corr. 1B H314 H314
Skin Sens. 1A H317 H317
Acute Tox. 2 H330 H330
Resp. Sens. 1 H334 H334
STOT SE 3 H335 H335
Aquatic Acute 1 H400  
Aquatic Chronic 2 H411 H411
Acute Tox. 3 H301 H301 GHS08
GHS05
GHS09
GHS06
Dgr
State/Form
34 View details
Skin Corr. 1B H314 H314
Skin Sens. 1 H317 H317
Acute Tox. 3 H331 H331
Resp. Sens. 1 H334 H334
Aquatic Acute 1 H400 H400
Acute Tox. 3 H301 H301 GHS08
GHS09
GHS05
GHS06
Dgr
State/Form
24 View details
Skin Corr. 1B H314 H314
Skin Sens. 1B H317 H317
Eye Dam. 1 H318 H318
Acute Tox. 3 H331 H331
Resp. Sens. 1B H334 H334
STOT SE 3 H335 (other:respirato...) H335
Aquatic Acute 1 H400 H400
Acute Tox. 3 H301 H301 GHS08
GHS05
GHS09
GHS06
Dgr
Eye Dam. 1; : 2 % ≤ C < 10 %
Eye Irrit. 2; : .5 % ≤ C < 2 %
7546; : C ≥ .5 %
Skin Corr. 1B; : C ≥ 10 %
Skin Irrit. 2; : .5 % ≤ C < 10 %
STOT SE 3; : C ≥ .5 %
State/Form
23 View details
Skin Corr. 1B H314 H314
Skin Sens. 1 H317 H317
Acute Tox. 1 H330 H330
Resp. Sens. 1 H334 H334
Aquatic Acute 1 H400 H400
Acute Tox. 3 H301 H301 GHS08
GHS09
GHS05
GHS06
Dgr
STOT SE 3; : C ≥ .5 %
Skin Corr. 1B; : C ≥ 10 %
Skin Irrit. 2; : .5 % ≤ C ≤ 10 %
Eye Dam. 1; : 2 % ≤ C ≤ 10 %
Eye Irrit. 2; : .5 % ≤ C ≤ 2 %
7546; : C ≥ .5 %
State/Form
22 View details
Skin Corr. 1B H314 H314
Skin Sens. 1 H317 H317
Acute Tox. 2 H330 H330
Resp. Sens. 1 H334 H334
Aquatic Acute 1 H400 H400
Acute Tox. 3 H301 H301 EUH071
GHS08
GHS05
GHS09
GHS06
Dgr
STOT SE 3; : .5 % ≤ C < 5 %


M=1
18 View details
Skin Corr. 1B H314 H314
Skin Sens. 1A H317 H317
Eye Dam. 1 H318  
Acute Tox. 2 H330 H330
Resp. Sens. 1 H334 H334
STOT SE 3 H335 (Respiratory sys...) H335
Aquatic Acute 1 H400  
  H410
Aquatic Chronic 2 H411  
Acute Tox. 3 H301 H301 EUH071
GHS08
GHS09
GHS05
GHS06
Dgr
STOT SE 3; : .5 % ≤ C < 5 %


M(Chronic)=1
State/Form
16 View details
Skin Corr. 1B H314 H314
Skin Sens. 1A H317 H317
Acute Tox. 2 H330 H330
Resp. Sens. 1 H334 H334
STOT SE 3 H335 (other:-) H335
Aquatic Acute 1 H400  
Aquatic Chronic 2 H411 H411
Acute Tox. 3 H301 H301 GHS08
GHS05
GHS09
GHS06
Dgr
State/Form
14 View details
Skin Corr. 1B H314 H314
Skin Sens. 1 H317 H317
Acute Tox. 2 H330 H330
Resp. Sens. 1 H334 H334
Aquatic Acute 1 H400 H400
Acute Tox. 3 H301 H301 EUH071
GHS08
GHS09
GHS05
GHS06
Dgr
STOT SE 3; : .5 % ≤ C < 5 %


M(Chronic)=1
13 View details
Skin Corr. 1B H314 H314
Skin Sens. 1A H317 H317
Eye Dam. 1 H318  
Acute Tox. 2 H330 H330
Resp. Sens. 1 H334 H334
STOT SE 3 H335 H335
Aquatic Acute 1 H400  
  H410
Aquatic Chronic 2 H411  
Acute Tox. 3 H301   EUH071
GHS08
GHS05
GHS09
GHS06
Dgr
STOT SE 3; : .5 % ≤ C < 5 %


M(Chronic)=1
13 View details
  H301+H331
Skin Corr. 1B H314 H314
Skin Sens. 1 H317 H317
Eye Dam. 1 H318  
Acute Tox. 3 H331  
Resp. Sens. 1 H334 H334
STOT SE 3 H335 (other:-) H335
Aquatic Acute 1 H400  
Aquatic Chronic 1 H410 H410
Acute Tox. 3 H301 H301 GHS08
GHS05
GHS09
GHS06
Dgr
Skin Irrit. 2; : C ≥ .5 %
Skin Corr. 1B; : C ≥ 10 %
7546; : C ≥ .5 %
Eye Dam. 1; : C ≥ 2 %
Eye Irrit. 2; : C ≥ .5 %
State/Form
11 View details
Skin Corr. 1B H314 H314
Skin Sens. 1 H317 H317
Acute Tox. 3 H331 H331
Resp. Sens. 1 H334 H334
Aquatic Acute 1 H400 H400
Flam. Liq. 3 H226   GHS08
GHS09
GHS05
GHS06
Dgr
Eye Dam. 1; : 2 % ≤ C < 10 %
Eye Irrit. 2; : .5 % ≤ C < 2 %
Skin Irrit. 2; : .5 % ≤ C < 10 %
Skin Corr. 1B; : C ≥ 10 %
STOT SE 3; : C ≥ .5 %
7546; : C ≥ .5 %
9 View details
Acute Tox. 3 H301 H301
Skin Corr. 1B H314 H314
Skin Sens. 1 H317 H317
Acute Tox. 3 H331 H331
Resp. Sens. 1 H334 H334
Aquatic Acute 1 H400 H400
Acute Tox. 3 H301 H301 GHS08
GHS09
GHS05
GHS06
Dgr
Skin Irrit. 2; : .5 % ca. C < 10 %
Eye Irrit. 2; : .5 % ca. C < 2 %
7546; : C ca. .5 %
STOT SE 1; : C ca. .5 %
Eye Dam. 1; : 2 % ca. C < 10 %
Skin Corr. 1B; : C ca. 10 %
7 View details
Skin Corr. 1B H314 H314
Skin Sens. 1 H317 H317
Acute Tox. 3 H331 H331
Resp. Sens. 1 H334 H334
Aquatic Acute 1 H400 H400
Acute Tox. 3 H301 H301 GHS08
GHS05
GHS09
GHS06
Dgr
6 View details
Skin Corr. 1B H314 H314
Skin Sens. 1 H317 H317
Eye Dam. 1 H318 H318
Acute Tox. 2 H330 H330
Resp. Sens. 1 H334 H334
STOT SE 3 H335 (other:Respirato...) H335
STOT SE 3 H335 (Respiratory tra...) H335
Aquatic Acute 1 H400 H400
Acute Tox. 3 H301 H301 (H301) GHS08
GHS05
GHS09
GHS06
Dgr
5 View details
Skin Corr. 1B H314 H314 (H314)
Skin Sens. 1 H317 H317 (H317)
Acute Tox. 3 H331 H331 (H331)
Resp. Sens. 1 H334 H334 (H334)
Aquatic Acute 1 H400 H400 (H400)
Acute Tox. 3 H301   Dgr
2 View details
Skin Corr. 1B H314  
Skin Sens. 1 H317  
Acute Tox. 3 H331  
Resp. Sens. 1 H334  
Aquatic Acute 1 H400  
  NA
Acute Tox. 3 H301 H301 GHS08
GHS09
GHS05
GHS06
Dgr
STOT SE 3; : C ≥ .5 %
Skin Irrit. 2; : .5 % ≤ C < 10 %
Skin Corr. 1B; : C ≥ 10 %
7546; : C ≥ .5 %
Eye Irrit. 2; : .5 % ≤ C < 2 %
Eye Dam. 1; : 2 % ≤ C < 10 %
yes 1 View details
Skin Corr. 1B H314 H314
Skin Sens. 1 H317 H317
Acute Tox. 3 H331 H331
Resp. Sens. 1 H334 H334
Aquatic Acute 1 H400 H400
Not Classified               1  
Met. Corr. 1 H290 H290 GHS08
GHS09
GHS05
GHS06
Dgr
Skin Corr. 1B; : C ≥ 10 %
STOT SE 3; : C ≥ .5 %
7546; : C ≥ .5 %
Skin Irrit. 2; : .5 % ≤ C < 10 %
Eye Dam. 1; : 2 % ≤ C < 10 %
Eye Irrit. 2; : .5 % ≤ C < 2 %
1 View details
Acute Tox. 3 H301 H301
Skin Corr. 1B H314 H314
Skin Sens. 1 H317 H317
Acute Tox. 3 H331 H331
Resp. Sens. 1 H334 H334
Aquatic Acute 1 H400 H400
Acute Tox. 3 H301 H301 GHS08
GHS05
GHS09
GHS06
Dgr
State/Form
1 View details
Skin Corr. 1B H314 H314
Skin Sens. 1 H317 H317
Acute Tox. 3 H331 H331
Resp. Sens. 1 H334 H334
Aquatic Chronic 1 H410 H410
Acute Tox. 3 H301 H301 GHS08
GHS09
GHS05
GHS06
Dgr
1 View details
Acute Tox. 4 H312 H312
Skin Corr. 1C H314 H314
Skin Sens. 1 H317 H317
Eye Dam. 1 H318 H318
Acute Tox. 2 H330 H330
Resp. Sens. 1 H334 H334
STOT SE 1 H370 (other:data lack...) H370
STOT SE 1 H370 (data lacking) H370
STOT RE 1 H372 (other:data lack...) H372
STOT RE 1 H372 (data lacking) H372
Aquatic Acute 1 H400  
Met. Corr. 1 H290 H290 GHS08
GHS05
GHS09
GHS06
Dgr
Skin Irrit. 2; : .5 % ≤ C < 10 %
Eye Dam. 1; : 2 % ≤ C < 10 %
Eye Irrit. 2; : .5 % ≤ C < 2 %
7546; : .5 % ≤ C < 100 %
Skin Corr. 1B; : 10 % ≤ C < 100 %
Skin Corr. 1C; : 10 % ≤ C < 100 %
1 View details
Acute Tox. 3 H301 H301
Skin Corr. 1B H314 H314
Skin Sens. 1 H317 H317
Eye Dam. 1 H318  
Acute Tox. 2 H330 H330
Resp. Sens. 1 H334 H334
Aquatic Acute 1 H400  
  H410
Aquatic Chronic 2 H411  
Met. Corr. 1 H290 H290 GHS08
GHS09
GHS05
GHS06
Dgr
STOT SE 3; : C ≥ .5 %
7546; : C ≥ .5 %
Skin Irrit. 2; : .5 % ≤ C < 10 %
Eye Irrit. 2; : .5 % ≤ C < 2 %
Eye Dam. 1; : 2 % ≤ C < 10 %
Skin Corr. 1B; : C ≥ 10 %
State/Form
1 View details
Acute Tox. 3 H301 H301
Skin Corr. 1B H314 H314
Skin Sens. 1 H317 H317
Acute Tox. 3 H331 H331
Resp. Sens. 1 H334 H334
Aquatic Acute 1 H400 H400
Aquatic Chronic 2 H411 H411
Met. Corr. 1 H290 H290 GHS08
GHS09
GHS05
GHS06
Dgr
State/Form
1 View details
Acute Tox. 3 H301 H301
Skin Corr. 1B H314 H314
Skin Sens. 1 H317 H317
Eye Dam. 1 H318 H318
Acute Tox. 3 H331 H331
Resp. Sens. 1 H334 H334
Aquatic Acute 1 H400 H400
Acute Tox. 3 H301 H301 GHS08
GHS09
GHS05
GHS06
Dgr
STOT SE 3; : .5 % ≤ C ≤ 100 %
7546; : .5 % ≤ C ≤ 100 %
Skin Irrit. 2; : .5 % ≤ C ≤ 10 %
Eye Irrit. 2; : .5 % ≤ C ≤ 2 %
Eye Dam. 1; : 2 % ≤ C ≤ 10 %
Skin Corr. 1B; : 10 % ≤ C ≤ 100 %
1 View details
Skin Corr. 1B H314 H314
Skin Sens. 1 H317 H317
Eye Dam. 1 H318 H318
Acute Tox. 3 H331 H331
Resp. Sens. 1 H334 H334
STOT SE 3 H335 (Unknown) (oral) H335
STOT SE 3 H335 (other:Unknown) (oral) H335
Aquatic Acute 1 H400 H400
Acute Tox. 3 H301 H301 GHS08
GHS09
GHS05
GHS06
Dgr
7546; : C ≥ .5 %
Skin Irrit. 2; : .5 % ≤ C < 10 %
Eye Dam. 1; : 2 % ≤ C < 10 %
Eye Irrit. 2; : .5 % ≤ C < 2 %
Skin Corr. 1B; : C ≥ 10 %
STOT SE 3; : C ≥ .5 %
State/Form
1 View details
Skin Corr. 1B H314 H314
Skin Sens. 1 H317 H317
Acute Tox. 2 H330 H330
Resp. Sens. 1 H334 H334
Aquatic Acute 1 H400 H400
Skin Irrit. 2 H315 H315 GHS07
GHS08
GHS05
Dgr
State/Form
1 View details
Skin Sens. 1 H317 H317
Eye Dam. 1 H318 H318
Resp. Sens. 1 H334 H334
Acute Tox. 3 H301 H301 EUH071
GHS08
GHS09
GHS05
GHS06
Dgr
STOT SE 3; : .5 % ≤ C < 5 %


M(Chronic)=1
1 View details
Skin Corr. 1B H314 H314
Skin Sens. 1A H317 H317
Acute Tox. 2 H330 H330
Resp. Sens. 1 H334 H334
STOT SE 3 H335 (other:-) H335
STOT SE 3 H335 H335
Aquatic Acute 1 H400  
Aquatic Chronic 2 H411 H411
Acute Tox. 3 H301 H301 EUH071
GHS07
GHS08
GHS05
GHS09
GHS06
Dgr
STOT SE 3; : .5 % ≤ C < 5 %


M(Chronic)=1
1 View details
Skin Corr. 1B H314 H314
Skin Sens. 1A H317 H317
Acute Tox. 3 H331 H331
Resp. Sens. 1 H334 H334
STOT SE 3 H335 H335
Aquatic Acute 1 H400 H400
Aquatic Chronic 2 H411 H411
Acute Tox. 3 H301 H301 EUH071
GHS08
GHS05
GHS09
GHS06
Dgr
STOT SE 3; : .5 % ≤ C < 5 %


M(Chronic)=1
State/Form
1 View details
Skin Corr. 1B H314 H314
Skin Sens. 1A H317 H317
Acute Tox. 2 H330 H330
Resp. Sens. 1 H334 H334
STOT SE 3 H335 (Respiratory typ...) (inhalation) H335
Aquatic Acute 1 H400 H400
Aquatic Chronic 2 H411 H411
Acute Tox. 3 H301 H301 EUH071
GHS07
GHS08
GHS09
GHS05
GHS06
Dgr
STOT SE 3; : .5 % ≤ C < 5 %


M(Chronic)=1
1 View details
Skin Corr. 1B H314 H314
Skin Sens. 1A H317 H317
Eye Dam. 1 H318 H318
Acute Tox. 2 H330 H330
Resp. Sens. 1 H334 H334
STOT SE 3 H335 H335
Aquatic Acute 1 H400 H400
Aquatic Chronic 2 H411 H411
Acute Tox. 3 H301 H301 EUH071
GHS07
GHS08
GHS05
GHS09
GHS06
Dgr
STOT SE 3; : .5 % ≤ C < 5 %


M(Chronic)=1
1 View details
Skin Corr. 1B H314 H314
Skin Sens. 1A H317 H317
Acute Tox. 2 H330 H330
Resp. Sens. 1 H334 H334
STOT SE 3 H335 (other:-) H335
Aquatic Acute 1 H400 H400
Aquatic Chronic 2 H411 H411
Acute Tox. 3 H301 H301 EUH071
GHS07
GHS08
GHS09
GHS05
GHS06
Dgr
STOT SE 3; : .5 % ≤ C < 5 %


M(Chronic)=1
1 View details
Skin Corr. 1B H314 H314
Skin Sens. 1A H317 H317
Eye Dam. 1 H318 H318
Acute Tox. 2 H330 H330
Resp. Sens. 1 H334 H334
STOT SE 3 H335 (other:-) H335
Aquatic Acute 1 H400 H400
Aquatic Chronic 2 H411 H411

Number of Aggregated Notifications: 44