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Diss Factsheets

Physical & Chemical properties

Explosiveness

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Endpoint:
explosive properties of explosives
Type of information:
other: Expert judgement
Adequacy of study:
supporting study
Study period:
September 2009
Reliability:
1 (reliable without restriction)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
other: assessment by Expert judgement based on the chemical structure.
Justification for type of information:
Following assessment of the chemical structure, it was determined that there are not any structural groups associated with explosivity. Assessment of the oxygen balance value for the substance also presented an oxygen balance value of - 231.72. Section 7.11 of Annex VII of REACH states that a study need not be conducted if – there are no chemical groups associated with explosive properties present in the molecule; or – the substance contains chemical groups associated with explosive properties which include oxygen and the calculated oxygen balance is less than –200; or – the organic substance or a homogenous mixture of organic substances contains chemical groups associated with explosive properties, but the exothermic decomposition energy is less than 500 J/g and the onset of exothermic decomposition is below 500 ºC; or – for mixtures of inorganic oxidising substances (UN Division 5.1) with organic materials, the concentration of the inorganic oxidising substance is: – less than 15 %, by mass, if assigned to UN Packaging Group I (high hazard) or II (medium hazard) – less than 30 %, by mass, if assigned to UN Packaging Group III (low hazard). On the basis of the values and review of the chemical structure, it was deemed appropriate to waive this study on structural grounds.
Principles of method if other than guideline:
Classification of explosives has been undertaken by many scientists, and explosives have been classified with respect to their chemical nature.
Chemical explosives can be divided into two groups; those that are classed as substances which are explosive and those that are explosive mixtures.
Substances that are explosive contain molecular groups which have explosive properties.
Examples include: • Nitro compounds • Nitric Esters • Nitramines • Derivatives of chloric and perchloric acids • Azides • Acetylides • Fulminates • Ozinides • Peroxides • Nitrogen rich compounds – e.g.tetrazene.
Oxygen balance is an expression that is used to indicate the degree to which an explosive can be oxidized. If an explosive molecule contains just enough oxygen to convert all of its carbon to carbon dioxide, all of its hydrogen to water, and all of its metal to metal oxide with no excess, the molecule is said to have a zero oxygen balance. The molecule is said to have a positive oxygen balance if it contains more oxygen than is needed and a negative oxygen balance if it contains less oxygen than is needed. The sensitivity, strength, and brisance of an explosive are all somewhat dependent upon oxygen balance and tend to approach their maximums as oxygen balance approaches zero. The oxygen balance is calculated from the empirical formula of a compound in percentage of oxygen required for complete conversion of carbon to carbon dioxide, hydrogen to water, and metal to metal oxide. When using oxygen balance to predict properties of one explosive relative to another, it is to be expected that one with an oxygen balance closer to zero will be potentially explosive. Consideration of potentially explosive groups therefore also needs to be undertaken.
The substance has been assessed for both structural alerts and oxygen balance, and neither assessment has provided an indication of potential explosivity for this substance.
GLP compliance:
no

Following assessment of the chemical structure, it was determined that there are not any structural groups associated with explosivity. Assessment of the oxygen balance value for the substance also presented an oxygen balance value of - 231.72. 

Section 7.11 of Annex VII of REACH states that a study need not be conducted if

 

– there are no chemical groups associated with explosive properties present in the molecule; or

 

– the substance contains chemical groups associated with explosive properties which include oxygen and the calculated oxygen balance is less than –200; or

 

On the basis of the values and review of the chemical structure, it was deemed appropriate to waive this study on structural grounds.

Interpretation of results:
GHS criteria not met
Conclusions:
On the basis of the chemical structure and oxygen balance value of -231.72, along with experience in use of the substance, the substance is not proposed to offer a hazard by explosivity.
Executive summary:

On the basis of the chemical structure and oxygen balance value of -231.72, along with experience in use of the substance, the substance is not proposed to offer a hazard by explosivity.

Endpoint:
explosive properties of explosives
Data waiving:
study scientifically not necessary / other information available
Justification for data waiving:
the study does not need to be conducted because there are no chemical groups present in the molecule which are associated with explosive properties
Justification for type of information:
Following assessment of the chemical structure, it was determined that there are not any structural groups associated with explosivity. Assessment of the oxygen balance value for the substance also presented an oxygen balance value of - 231.72. Section 7.11 of Annex VII of REACH states that a study need not be conducted if – there are no chemical groups associated with explosive properties present in the molecule; or – the substance contains chemical groups associated with explosive properties which include oxygen and the calculated oxygen balance is less than –200; or – the organic substance or a homogenous mixture of organic substances contains chemical groups associated with explosive properties, but the exothermic decomposition energy is less than 500 J/g and the onset of exothermic decomposition is below 500 ºC; or – for mixtures of inorganic oxidising substances (UN Division 5.1) with organic materials, the concentration of the inorganic oxidising substance is: – less than 15 %, by mass, if assigned to UN Packaging Group I (high hazard) or II (medium hazard) – less than 30 %, by mass, if assigned to UN Packaging Group III (low hazard). On the basis of the values and review of the chemical structure, it was deemed appropriate to waive this study on structural grounds.

Description of key information

The substance does not contain any chemical structural groups associated with explosivity.  

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Explosiveness:
non explosive

Additional information

Justification for classification or non-classification