3-methoxypropylamine

Bioaccumulation: aquatic / sediment

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Endpoint:

bioaccumulation in aquatic species: fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

No data

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study with acceptable restrictions

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 305 C (Bioaccumulation: Test for the Degree of Bioconcentration in Fish)

GLP compliance:

not specified

Vehicle:

not specified

Test organisms (species):

Cyprinus carpio

Details on test organisms:

TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Carp
- Lipid content: 4.2 %
- Source: Sugishima fish farm, Japan
- Age at study initiation (mean and range, SD):
- Length at study initiation (length definition, mean, range and SD): ca. 10 cm
- Weight at study initiation (mean and range, SD): ca. 30 g
- Weight at termination (mean and range, SD):
- Food: pelleted feed for carp

ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: 28 days
- Acclimation conditions (same as test or not): 25 °C +/- 1 °C

Route of exposure:

aqueous

Test type:

flow-through

Test temperature:

25 +/- 2°C

Dissolved oxygen:

6-8 mg/l

Details on test conditions:

TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel:
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: glass tanks of 100 litres in volume
- Type of flow-through (e.g. peristaltic or proportional diluter): Aquatron
- Renewal rate of test solution (frequency/flow rate): 200-800 ml/min
- No. of organisms per vessel: 15 - 20

TEST MEDIUM/ WATER PARAMETERSe
- Source/preparation of dilution water: Dilution water used for the test originated from underground water pumped up from the ground of Kurume Research Laboratories.
- Intervals of water quality measurement: twice a week

Nominal and measured concentrations:

0.1, 1.0 mg/L

Key result

Conc. / dose:

1 mg/L

Type:

BCF

Value:

< 0.3 L/kg

Basis:

other: Concentration of test substance in fish, no further data available

Key result

Conc. / dose:

0.1 mg/L

Type:

BCF

Value:

>= 2.7 - <= 3.6 L/kg

Basis:

other: Concentration of test substance in fish, no further data available

Key result

Depuration time (DT):

6 wk

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Conclusions:

The key study (Klimisch 2) of MITI (1996) indicated that the test substance has no potential for bioaccumulation. The study was run according to the OECD 305C guideline. A BCF < 10 L/kg ww was obtained after exposing carp (Cyprinus carpio) to a single concentration of 0.1 and 1 mg/L test substance.

Description of key information

3-Methoxy-propylamine is not expected to significantly accumulate in organisms

 

Additional information

A single study (MITI, 1996) investigating bioaccumulation of test substance in fish (carp, Cyprinus carpio) indicated that the substance has no potential for bioaccumulation. After of exposure to two concentrations (0.1 and 1 mg/L) no test substance could be traced in whole organisms or tissues. The BCF was therefore < 10 L/kg ww. It should be kept in mind that the exposure concentration was quite low compared to concentrations causing toxic effects to aquatic organisms (e.g., acute LC50 of 164 mg/L for golden orfe). Nevertheless, the results of this study confirm what was expected based on the low log Kow of the substance.

 

Next to the experimental data, the bioaccumulation potential was assessed based on estimated BCF values of the valid and well-established QSAR model Catalogic BCF base-line DP v02.07 (OASIS Catalogic v5.15.2.14) as described below:

QSAR-disclaimer:

In Article 13 of Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006, it is laid down that information on intrinsic properties of substances may be generated by means other than tests, provided that the conditions set out in Annex XI (of the same Regulation) are met.

Furthermore, according to Article 25 of the same Regulation testing on vertebrate animals shall be undertaken only as a last resort.

According to Annex XI of Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (Q)SAR results can be used if (1) the scientific validity of the (Q)SAR model has been established, (2) the substance falls within the applicability domain of the (Q)SAR model, (3) the results are adequate for the purpose of classification and labeling and/or risk assessment and (4) adequate and reliable documentation of the applied method is provided.

For the assessment of the substance (Q)SAR results were used for aquatic bioaccumulation. The criteria listed in Annex XI of Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 are considered to be adequately fulfilled and therefore the endpoint(s) sufficiently covered and suitable for risk assessment.

Therefore, and for reasons of animal welfare, further experimental studies on aquatic bioaccumulation are not provided.

 

Assessment:

The BCF-base-line DP model (such as the classic BCF-base-line model) is using as a base-line the maximum bioconcentration potential (logBCFmax) driven by passive diffusion as described by logKow. The base-line relationship between logBCFmax and logKow is described by well-known parabolic relationship. Subsequently, the logBCFmax is reduced by several mitigating factors, and namely: metabolism, molecular size, water solubility and ionization [Dimitrov et al., 2012]. Both CATALOGIC BCF models are having same mitigating factors and same formalism for their estimation. The only difference between BCF base-line model (classic) and BCF base-line DP model is the estimation of the ionization as a mitigating factor. In the BCF base-line model (classic) the ionization is estimated empirically for a limited number of chemicals that possess strong ionizing fragments, such as sulphonic acids and their alkaline salts, carboxylic acids and their alkaline salts, phosphoric acids and their alkaline salts, phenols with four or five halogen atoms. In the BCF base-line DP model the ionization is estimated explicitly using the ratio between distribution parameter D estimating the distribution of neutral and ionized species in octanol/water and P–presenting the distribution (partition) coefficient of neutral species in octanol/water: This explicit ionization term estimates the ionization of strong as well as weak ionizing fragments in molecules. Hence, this ionization term is applicable to any chemical and is not limited within the list of four strongly ionizing functional groups as in the BCF base-line model (classic). The distribution coefficient (D) is calculated using the external software such as Chemaxon (ACD could be also used). The BCF base-line DP model is recommended to be used in case of ionizing chemicals due to more adequate estimation of ionization as a mitigating factor for logBCFmax.

 

Since 3-Methoxy-propylamine is present in its charged form under environmentally relevant conditions (pH 5 to pH 9), this model was chosen to take account for the charge of the substance. The Catalogic BCF base-line DP model calculates the BCF based on the log D. The worst-case value of log D = -1.0 @ pH 9 for the log D-values under environmentally relevant conditions from pH 5 to pH 9 was chosen for the calculation. As seen, ionization has a distinct impact on reducing the maximum bioconcentration potential of the chemical.

Considering mitigating factors like metabolism, molecular size, water solubility and ionization the model predicted a BCF of 2.69 L/kg (log BCF = 0.43).

Based on these results, 3-Methoxy-propylamine is not expected to significantly accumulate in organisms.