Sodium permanganate

Toxicity to soil macroorganisms except arthropods

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Reference 1

Endpoint:

toxicity to soil macroorganisms except arthropods: long-term

Type of information:

read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)

Adequacy of study:

weight of evidence

Justification for type of information:

See the read-across report attached in Section 13

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

read-across source

Duration:

21 d

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

1 111 mg/kg soil dw

Nominal / measured:

not specified

Conc. based on:

other: Mn

Basis for effect:

reproduction

Reference 2

Endpoint:

toxicity to soil macroorganisms except arthropods: long-term

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

weight of evidence

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

comparable to guideline study with acceptable restrictions

Justification for type of information:

See the read-across report attached in Section 13.

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

ISO 11268-2 (Effects of Pollutants on Earthworms. 2. Determination of Effects on Reproduction)

Deviations:

yes

Remarks:

natural soil used rather than artificial soil

GLP compliance:

not specified

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Details on preparation and application of test substrate:

The test substrate is a natural soil containing 1.2% organic matter.

Test organisms (species):

Eisenia fetida

Animal group:

annelids

Study type:

laboratory study

Substrate type:

natural soil

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

21 d

Duration:

21 d

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

1 111 mg/kg soil dw

Conc. based on:

other: Mn

Basis for effect:

reproduction

Range-finding tests for manganese (Mn) were performed using Mn sulphate (MnSO4·H2O). Nominal concentrations of Mn (w/w) in soil were 0, 100, 500, 1000, 5000, and 10000 mg/kg. Results showed cocoon production was 69% of control at 500 mg/kg and 4% of control at 1000 mg/kg. No cocoons were produced in soil containing mg more than 1000 mg/kg.

ANOVA results of definitive cocoon production tests using actual measured concentrations of Mn produced a bounded NOEC of 1111 mg/kg and a bounded LOEC of 1236 mg/kg at P=0.05. Cocoon production was analyzed by nonlinear regression. The Gompertz nonlinear model produced best fit. The EC50 derived from this model for toxicity of Mn to E.fetida cocoon production was 629 mg/kg. The EC50 was 927 mg/kg. Results of the definitive adult survival tests using actual measured concentrations of Mn, showed a bounded NOEC of 1444 mg/kg and a bounded LOEC of 2222 mg/kg. Adult EC20 and EC50 values were 1718 mg/kg and 1920 mg/kg, respectively.

Endpoint	Cocoon production	Adult
NOEC mg/kg	1111	1444
LOEC mg/kg	1236	2222

Validity criteria fulfilled:

no

Remarks:

Only in the lowest concentration group (100 mg/kg) had a coefficient of variation less than 30%. Mean mortality was less than 10% in the definitive study, apart from top dose, and in rangefinder for concentrations up to 500 mg/kg.

Conclusions:

The 21 day NOEC based on reproduction is 1111 mg Mn/kg soil

Reference 3

Endpoint:

toxicity to soil macroorganisms except arthropods: long-term

Type of information:

read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)

Adequacy of study:

weight of evidence

Justification for type of information:

See the read-across report attached in Section 13.

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

read-across source

Duration:

28 d

Dose descriptor:

LOEC

Effect conc.:

267 mg/kg soil dw

Nominal / measured:

meas. (not specified)

Conc. based on:

other: Mn

Basis for effect:

reproduction

Duration:

28 d

Dose descriptor:

LOEC

Effect conc.:

157 mg/kg soil dw

Nominal / measured:

meas. (not specified)

Conc. based on:

other: Mn

Basis for effect:

reproduction

Reference 4

Endpoint:

toxicity to soil macroorganisms except arthropods: long-term

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

weight of evidence

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

comparable to guideline study with acceptable restrictions

Justification for type of information:

See the read-across report attached in Section 13.

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: ISO/CD 16387 (Draft)

GLP compliance:

not specified

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Details on preparation and application of test substrate:

The soil was a natural soil containing 1.2% organic matter.

Test organisms (species):

Enchytraeus sp.

Animal group:

annelids

Study type:

laboratory study

Substrate type:

natural soil

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

28 d

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Nominal: rangefinder- 100, 500, 1000, 5000 and 10000 mg Mn/kg
Nominal : definitive test - 10, 18, 31, 54, 94, 164,287, 503 mg Mn/kg

Duration:

28 d

Dose descriptor:

LOEC

Effect conc.:

267 mg/kg soil dw

Nominal / measured:

meas. (not specified)

Conc. based on:

other: Mn

Basis for effect:

reproduction

Duration:

28 d

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

157 mg/kg soil dw

Nominal / measured:

meas. (not specified)

Conc. based on:

other: Mn

Basis for effect:

reproduction

The natural background manganese concentration determined in the negative control treatment was 94 mg/kg. Total extractable manganese concentrations (in excess of background) in the experimental treatments ranged from 50 to 117% and averaged 94% of nominal. Exchangeable Mn fraction expressed as percent of total concentration increased with increasing soil Mn loads.

Table 1: Nominal and measured concentrations

Nominal (mg/kg)	Measured (mg/kg)	Corrected recovery (%)
0	94	-
10	99	50
18	110	89
31	119	80
54	157	117
94	191	103
164	267	105
287	386	102
503	644	109

Range finding test:

Range finding test for manganese was conducted using MnSO4·H20. Adult survival decreased by 10% at 500 mg/kg and by 95% at 1,000 mg/kg. Juvenile production decreased by 33% at 100 mg/kg. There were no surviving adults above 1,000 mg/kg or juveniles above the 100 mg/kg treatment concentrations.

Definitive test:

Test results complied with the validity criteria defined in the test guideline. Mean adult survival in negative controls ranged from 97.5 to 100%. The mean juvenile production in negative controls ranged from 735 to 1104 juveniles, and the coefficient of variation ranged from 6 to 18%.

Manganese did not affect (P = 0.721) adult E. crypticus survival up to 191 mg/kg concentration. Adult survival was reduced by 5% (P = 0.48) at 267 mg/kg. Juvenile numbers were significantly (P < 0.0001) higher in the 99 mg/kg treatment compared to negative control suggesting the hormetic effect of Mn on reproduction at this exposure level. The bounded No Observed Adverse Effect Concentration (NOAEC) for juvenile production was 157 mg/kg (P = 0.52). The bounded Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Concentration (LOAEC) for juvenile production was 191 mg/kg (P < 0.0001). No juveniles were produced in 644 mg/kg treatment. The hormetic effect at the 99 mg/kg concentration level suggested the use of the hormetic model to estimate ECp parameters for Mn data.

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Remarks:

for definitive test, but in range-finder, adult mortality was > 20% for 1000mg/kg and above. Not considered to affect final result from definitive test

Conclusions:

The No Observable Effect Concentration (NOEC) was 157 mg Mn/kgdw.

Description of key information

Kuperman et al. (2002) Read Across from MnSO4

Under the conditions of the study the No Observable Effect Concentration (NOEC) was 157 mg Mn/kg dw.

 

Simini et al. (2002) Read across from MnSO4

Under the conditions of the study, the 21 day NOEC based on reproduction is 1 111 mg Mn/kg soil.

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Long-term EC10, LC10 or NOEC for soil macroorganisms:

157 mg/kg soil dw

Additional information

Kuperman et al. (2002) Read Across from MnSO4

Under the conditions of the study the No Observable Effect Concentration (NOEC) was 157 mg Mn/kg dw. The study was awarded a reliability score of 2 in accordance with the criteria set forth by Klimisch et al. (1997).

 

Simini et al. (2002) Read across from MnSO4

Under the conditions of the study, the 21 day NOEC based on reproduction is 1 111 mg Mn/kg soil. The study was awarded a reliability score of 2 in accordance with the criteria set forth by Klimisch et al. (1997).