Ferrate(4-), hexakis(cyano-C)-, methylated 4-[(4-aminophenyl)(4-imino-2,5-cyclohexadien-1-ylidene)methyl]benzenamine copper(2+) salts

Endpoint summary

Description of key information

Hydrolysis:

On the basis of the experimental studies of the test chemical and applying the weight of evidence approach, it is concluded that test chemical is not hydrolysable due to lack of fuctional group.

Biodegradation in water:

28-days biodegradation test following the EU Method C.5 (Degradation: Biochemical Oxygen Demand) was performed to determine the ready biodegradability of the test chemical . Bacteria was used as a test inoculum for the study. Bacteria was collected from activated sludge of the sewage treatment plant of CH-4106 Therwil on 16/10/89 The preparation was carried out according to the method described in the guideline. Aniline (20 mg//l) was used as a reference substance for the study. 1200 ml of the mineral solution with the inoculum were aerated for 24 hours in the test vessel. In 300 ml mineral solution 0.5 ml Nonylphenol 10EO5PO (solution of 30 mg in 100 ml bidist. water) and 16.3 rsp. 47.1 mg of test substance were added and homogenized. This solution was given to the test vessel which was immediately connected to the CO2 traps. The CO2 formed by biodegradation was absorbed with NaOH and determined on a carbon analyzer. Due to the poor solubility of the test substance in water, an emulsifier was used to achieve a better distribution in the medium. Determination of the initial CO2 of the 0.05 N sodium hydroxide and the CO2, absorbed in the absorbers filled with 200 ml 0.05 N sodium hydroxide was carried out on the days 3, 7, 10, 13, 17, 20, 24, 27 and 28, respectively. The biodegradation was calculated on the basis of the theoretical carbon content of the test substance and the cumulative quantities of carbon dioxide determined on the days of measurements. The percentage degradation of test substance was determined to be 6.0 and 4.0% (using 10.9 and 30.4 mg/l conc. of test substance) by using CO2 evolution parameter in 28 days. Thus, based on percentage degradation, test chemical is considered to be not readily biodegradable in nature.

Biodegradation in water and sediment:

Estimation Programs Interface prediction model was run to predict the half-life in water and sediment for the test chemical. If released in to the environment, 1.7 % of the chemical will partition into water according to the Mackay fugacity model level III and the half-life period of test chemical in water is estimated to be 180 days (7320  hrs). The half-life ( 180  days estimated by EPI suite) indicates that the chemical is persistent in water and the exposure risk to aquatic animals is high whereas the half-life period of test chemical in sediment is estimated to be 1620.833 days (38900 hrs). Based on this half-life value, it indicates that test chemical is persistent in sediment.

Biodegradation in soil:

The half-life period of test chemical in soil was estimated using Level III Fugacity Model by EPI Suite version 4.1 estimation database. If released into the environment, 67.2 % of the chemical will partition into soil according to the Mackay fugacity model level III. The half-life period of test chemical in soil is estimated to be 360 days (8640 hrs). Based on this half-life value of test chemical, it is concluded that the chemical is persistent in the soil environment and the exposure risk to soil dwelling animals is high.

Bioaccumulation: aquatic / sediment

On the basis of the experimental studies of the test chemical and applying the weight of evidence approach, the BCF value of the test chemical can be expected to be in the range 66 to 500 dimensionless, respectively. Thus, as this value does not exceed the bioconcentration threshold of 2000 indicating that the test chemical is not expected to bioaccumulate in the food chain

Adsorption / desorption

The adsorption coefficient Koc in soil and in sewage sludge of test chemical was determined by the Reverse Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatographic method according to OECD Guideline No. 121 for testing of Chemicals (Experimental study report, 2019). The solutions of the test substance and reference substances were prepared in appropriate solvents. The sample of test chemical was prepared by adding 10 mg in acetonitrile to prepare 1000 mg/L test solution, sonicated for 1 mins and filtered through 0.22 μm nylon syringe filter. pH of the resulting solution was 7.4. The analysis was performed at constant recommended conditions such as temperature 25°C (solvent: water) ratio 55:45 at the flow rate of 1 mL/min at 210 nm. The reference substances were chosen according to estimated Koc range of the test substance and generalize calibration graph was prepared. Selected reference substances and test chemical were prepared in acetonitrile with concentration of 400 mg/L. Both were analyzed on HPLC considering the similar conditions. After analyzing on above conditions calibration curve of selected reference substances was prepared to obtain log Koc value. The reference substances were p-Toluamide, Aniline, N-methylaniline, 4-Chloroaniline, phenanthrene, Naphthalene, DDT, having Koc value ranging from 1.8 to 2.9. The Log Koc value was test chemical was determined to be 2.787±0.001 at 25°C. Thus, based on the result it is concluded that the test chemical has a moderate sorption to soil and sediment and therefore have slow migration potential to ground water.

Additional information

Hydrolysis:

Data available for the test chemical has been reviewed to determine the half-life of hydrolysis as a function of pH fromauthoritative database (HSDB). The results of studies are mentioned below:

In first study it was mentined that Aromatic amines are generally resistant to aqueous environmental hydrolysis therefore,test chemical is not expected to hydrolyze in water.

In another study the test chemical is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions. Therefore it can be concluded that test chemical is not hydrolysable.

On the basis of the experimental studies of the test chemical and applying the weight of evidence approach, it is concluded that test chemical is not hydrolysable due to lack of fuctional group.

Biodegradation in water:

28-days biodegradation test following the EU Method C.5 (Degradation: Biochemical Oxygen Demand) was performed to determine the ready biodegradability of the test chemical . Bacteria was used as a test inoculum for the study. Bacteria was collected from activated sludge of the sewage treatment plant of CH-4106 Therwil on 16/10/89 The preparation was carried out according to the method described in the guideline. Aniline (20 mg//l) was used as a reference substance for the study. 1200 ml of the mineral solution with the inoculum were aerated for 24 hours in the test vessel. In 300 ml mineral solution 0.5 ml Nonylphenol 10EO5PO (solution of 30 mg in 100 ml bidist. water) and 16.3 rsp. 47.1 mg of test substance were added and homogenized. This solution was given to the test vessel which was immediately connected to the CO2 traps. The CO2 formed by biodegradation was absorbed with NaOH and determined on a carbon analyzer. Due to the poor solubility of the test substance in water, an emulsifier was used to achieve a better distribution in the medium. Determination of the initial CO2 of the 0.05 N sodium hydroxide and the CO2, absorbed in the absorbers filled with 200 ml 0.05 N sodium hydroxide was carried out on the days 3, 7, 10, 13, 17, 20, 24, 27 and 28, respectively. The biodegradation was calculated on the basis of the theoretical carbon content of the test substance and the cumulative quantities of carbon dioxide determined on the days of measurements. The percentage degradation of test substance was determined to be 6.0 and 4.0% (using 10.9 and 30.4 mg/l conc. of test substance) by using CO2 evolution parameter in 28 days. Thus, based on percentage degradation, test chemical is considered to be not readily biodegradable in nature.

Biodegradation in water and sediment:

Estimation Programs Interface prediction model was run to predict the half-life in water and sediment for the test chemical. If released in to the environment, 1.7 % of the chemical will partition into water according to the Mackay fugacity model level III and the half-life period of test chemical in water is estimated to be 180 days (7320  hrs). The half-life ( 180  days estimated by EPI suite) indicates that the chemical is persistent in water and the exposure risk to aquatic animals is high whereas the half-life period of test chemical in sediment is estimated to be 1620.833 days (38900 hrs). Based on this half-life value, it indicates that test chemical is persistent in sediment.

Biodegradation in soil:

The half-life period of test chemical in soil was estimated using Level III Fugacity Model by EPI Suite version 4.1 estimation database. If released into the environment, 67.2 % of the chemical will partition into soil according to the Mackay fugacity model level III. The half-life period of test chemical in soil is estimated to be 360 days (8640 hrs). Based on this half-life value of test chemical, it is concluded that the chemical is persistent in the soil environment and the exposure risk to soil dwelling animals is high.

Bioaccumulation: aquatic / sediment

Data available of its read across chemicals has been reviewed to determine the bioaccumulation potential of test chemical. The studies are as mentioned below:

Bioaccumulation test was conducted for estimating the bioconcentration factor (BCF) of test chemical.The bioconcentration factor was determined to be 66 dimesionless, from an estimated log Pow of 3.28 and a regression derived equation.

Another bioaccumulation test was conducted for estimating the bioconcentration factor (BCF) of test chemical.The bioconcentration factor was determined to be 500 dimesionless, from an estimated log Pow of 8.69 and a regression derived equation.

On the basis of the experimental studies of the test chemical and applying the weight of evidence approach, the BCF value of the test chemical can be expected to be in the range 66 to 500 dimensionless, respectively. Thus, as this value does not exceed the bioconcentration threshold of 2000 indicating that the test chemical is not expected to bioaccumulate in the food chain

Adsorption / desorption

The adsorption coefficient Koc in soil and in sewage sludge of test chemical was determined by the Reverse Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatographic method according to OECD Guideline No. 121 for testing of Chemicals (Experimental study report, 2019). The solutions of the test substance and reference substances were prepared in appropriate solvents. The sample of test chemical was prepared by adding 10 mg in acetonitrile to prepare 1000 mg/L test solution, sonicated for 1 mins and filtered through 0.22 μm nylon syringe filter. pH of the resulting solution was 7.4. The analysis was performed at constant recommended conditions such as temperature 25°C (solvent: water) ratio 55:45 at the flow rate of 1 mL/min at 210 nm. The reference substances were chosen according to estimated Koc range of the test substance and generalize calibration graph was prepared. Selected reference substances and test chemical were prepared in acetonitrile with concentration of 400 mg/L. Both were analyzed on HPLC considering the similar conditions. After analyzing on above conditions calibration curve of selected reference substances was prepared to obtain log Koc value. The reference substances were p-Toluamide, Aniline, N-methylaniline, 4-Chloroaniline, phenanthrene, Naphthalene, DDT, having Koc value ranging from 1.8 to 2.9. The Log Koc value was test chemical was determined to be 2.787±0.001 at 25°C. Thus, based on the result it is concluded that the test chemical has a moderate sorption to soil and sediment and therefore have slow migration potential to ground water.