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Environmental fate & pathways

Biodegradation in water: screening tests

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Reference
Endpoint:
biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
key study
Study period:
14 May to 30 Jul 2001
Reliability:
2 (reliable with restrictions)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
guideline study with acceptable restrictions
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
OECD Guideline 301 F (Ready Biodegradability: Manometric Respirometry Test)
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
EU Method C.4-D (Determination of the "Ready" Biodegradability - Manometric Respirometry Test)
GLP compliance:
yes (incl. QA statement)
Remarks:
Swiss Federal Office of Public Health, Swiss Agency for Environment, Forests and Landscapes, Intercantoanl Office for the Control of Medicines, Bern, Switzerland
Oxygen conditions:
aerobic
Inoculum or test system:
activated sludge, domestic, non-adapted
Details on inoculum:
- Source of inoculum/activated sludge: Obtained from ARA Ergolz II, Füllinsdorf, Switzerland; Wastewater treatment plant treating predominantly domestic wastewater
- Preparation of inoculum for exposure: The sludge was washed once with tap water by centrifugation and the supernatent liquid phase was decanted. A homogenized aliquot of the final sludge suspension was weighed, thereafter dried and the ratio of wet to dry weight was calculated.
- Concentration of sludge: The wet sludge was held aerated at room temperature, suspended in test water at a concentration of 4 g/L d.w. ± 10%. Prior to use it was diluted with test water to a concentration of 1 g/L d.w. This diluted sludge was then used as inoculum to give a final concentration of 30 mg/L d.w.
Duration of test (contact time):
28 d
Initial conc.:
>= 100 - <= 104 mg/L
Based on:
test mat.
Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
O2 consumption
Details on study design:
TEST CONDITIONS
- Composition of medium: see Table 1 (Any other information on materials and methods incl. tables)
- Test temperature: 22 °C
- pH: 7.4
- Aeration of dilution water: aerated
- Continuous darkness: yes

TEST SYSTEM
- Culturing apparatus: 500 mL Erlenmeyer flasks were used for testing. The amounts of test item were directly weighed into the test flasks. No emulsifiers or solvents and no ultrasound dispersion were used. For dosage of the reference item, a stock solution containing 250 mg sodium benzoate per 100 mL test water was prepared. From this, 10 mL aliquots were added to the corresponding test flasks. To each flask (with the exception of the abiotic control) activated sludge was added. Finally, the flasks were made up to a volume of 250 mL with test water. The test flasks (500 mL Erlenmeyer flasks, labelled with all necessary information to assure unmistakable identification) were incubated under continuous stirring in a SAPROMAT D12 (Voith GmbH, Heidenheim, Germany).
- Method used to create aerobic conditions: Continuous stirring, consumed oxygen replaced by electrolytically generated oxygen from a copper sulfate solution
- Details of trap for CO2: CO2 absorbed by soda lime causing pressure drop in airtight flasks
- Measuring equipment: The pressure drop is detected and converted into an electrical signal by an electrode type manometer. The consumed oxygen is replaced by electrolytically generated oxygen from copper sulfate solution.

SAMPLING
- Sampling frequency: oxygen consumption recorded daily
- Sampling method: manual reading

CONTROL AND BLANK SYSTEM
- Inoculum blank: yes
- Abiotic sterile control: yes
- Toxicity control: yes

Reference substance:
benzoic acid, sodium salt
Remarks:
test concentration: 100 mg/L
Parameter:
% degradation (O2 consumption)
Value:
57
Sampling time:
28 d
Remarks on result:
other: Mean of flask 1 and 2
Results with reference substance:
The reference item was degraded by an average of 85% by exposure day 14 and by an average of 93% at the end of the test (28 d), thus confirming the suitability of the activated sludge and the validity of the test.

The test substance, Y-15099 was degraded to 57% after 28 days. Thus, the substance is not readily biodegradable according to the OECD criteria. The reference substance was degraded to 93% after 28 days. Even a biodegradation of 50% was observed after 14 days in the toxicity control showing that the test substance has no inhibitory effects on the activated sludge microorganisms.

Table 2: Biodegradation of test substance and the reference item

Time (d)

Percentage Biodegradation1

Test item

Procedure control

Toxicity control

Flask No. 7

Flask No. 8

Flask No. 11

Flask No. 12

Flask No. 10

0

0

0

0

0

0

1

2

1

16

15

10

2

-

-

-

-

-

3

-

-

-

-

-

4

22

17

69

69

34

5

26

21

73

73

36

6

31

24

77

77

39

7

-

-

-

-

-

8

37

29

82

82

43

9

-

-

-

-

-

10

-

-

-

-

-

11

45

35

85

84

47

12

47

36

85

84

48

13

48

37

86

84

49

14

50

39

86

85

50

15

51

40

86

85

51

16

-

-

-

-

-

17

-

-

-

-

-

18

55

44

88

87

54

19

56

44

88

88

54

20

56

46

90

88

55

21

57

47

90

89

56

22

58

48

91

90

57

23

-

-

-

-

-

24

-

-

-

-

-

25

59

52

93

91

58

26

60

53

93

91

59

27

60

53

94

91

59

28

60

54

94

91

60

1corrected for inoculum controls

- Not determined

Validity criteria fulfilled:
yes
Interpretation of results:
not readily biodegradable
Conclusions:
The test substance Y-15099 and its hydrolytic degradation products are not readily biodegradable according to the OECD criteria.
Executive summary:

The test item Y-15099 was investigated for its ready biodegradability according to the OECD Guideline 301 F. Non-adapted activated sludge from a domestic wastewater treatment plant was used as inoculum in a concentration of 30 mg/L dw. The test substance was applied in a concentration of 100 – 104 mg/L and the O2 consumption was monitored for 28 days. Sodium benzoate was used as the reference substance for validation of test performance. The test substance was degraded to 57% (mean) at the end of 28 days, and to 45% at the end of the 10-day window. Since the test substance is hydrolytically unstable, the observed results are mainly related to its hydrolysis products. The reference substance was degraded to 93%. Therefore, the test is valid. A toxicity control revealed that the test item has no inhibitory effects on the activated sludge microorganisms (biodegradation >50% after 14 days). The test substance and its hydrolysis products are considered to be not readily biodegradable under the conditions of the study.

Description of key information

Y-15099 is not readily biodegradable according to the OECD criteria (mean biodegradation: 57% after 28 days).

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Biodegradation in water:
not biodegradable
Type of water:
freshwater

Additional information

The test item Y-15099 (CAS 220727-26-4) was investigated for its ready biodegradability according to the OECD Guideline 301 F under GLP conditions (Grützner, 2001). Activated sludge was used as inoculum and the test substance was applied in a concentration of 100 – 104 mg/L. The O2 consumption was monitored for 28 days. The test substance was degraded to 57% (mean) at the end of 28 days, and to 45% at the end of the 10-day window. A toxicity control revealed that the test item has no inhibitory effects on the activated sludge microorganisms (biodegradation > 50% after 14 days).

Since the test substance is hydrolytically unstable the observed result mainly reflects the biodegradation of the hydrolysis products. Ethanol, one product of hydrolysis, is readily biodegradable (OECD, 2004). Therefore, the result of this study is probably based on the hydrolysis product Silanetriol, (3-mercaptopropyl)- which is expected to be not readily biodegradable.

 

References: OECD (2004): Ethanol. SIDS Initial Assessment Report For SIAM 19, Berlin, Germany, 19 - 22 October 2004. UNEP publications.