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EC number: 452-330-3 | CAS number: -
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Biodegradation in water: screening tests
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 17 October 2003 to 19 November 2003
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 301 F (Ready Biodegradability: Manometric Respirometry Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.4-D (Determination of the "Ready" Biodegradability - Manometric Respirometry Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Inoculum or test system:
- sewage, predominantly domestic (adaptation not specified)
- Details on inoculum:
- - Source of inoculum/activated sludge: Buckland Sewage Treatment Works, Newton Abbot, Devon, UK
- Laboratory culture: The activated sludge was kept aerated at room temperature and the pH maintained at 7.0 ± 1.0.
- Preparation of inoculum for exposure: Five days prior to the test the activated sludge was centrifuged, washed and resuspended in the test medium and the solids concentration determined. This sludge was then diluted in medium, added to test bottles and stirred until required for use.
- Concentration of sludge: 30 mg/L - Duration of test (contact time):
- 28 d
- Initial conc.:
- 100 mg/L
- Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
- O2 consumption
- Details on study design:
- TEST CONDITIONS
- Composition of medium: According to the OECD and EU guidelines and contained 85 mg of KH2PO4, 217.5 mg of K2HPO4, 334 mg of Na2HPO4.2H2O, 5 mg of NH4Cl, 22.5 mg of MgSO4.7H2O, 36.4 mg of CaCl2.2H2O, 0.25 mg of FeCl3.6H2O and 0.40 mg of EDTA (disodium salt) per litre of deionised water.
- Test temperature: 22 ± 2 °C
- pH: 7.4 ± 0.2
- pH adjusted: yes
TEST SYSTEM
- Culturing apparatus: dark glass 500 mL bottles
- Number of culture flasks/concentration: three for the test material, blank and toxic control, six for the reference substance, and one for the additional pH measurement.
- Measuring equipment: Manometric biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) apparatus
- Details of trap for CO2: Potassium hydroxide solution (KOH) placed in a sealed cup in the neck of each bottle.
OBSERVATIONS
- Frequency: Day 5, 9, 15, 20 and 28
- Method: Manometer readings
CONTROL AND BLANK SYSTEM
- Inoculum blank: A control set up with no test material or reference substance
- Toxicity control: Test material and the reference substance at nominal 100 and 200 mg/L respectively. - Reference substance:
- acetic acid, sodium salt
- Test performance:
- The measured COD value of sodium acetate was 0.80 g O2 g/L of substance. The COD obtained for sodium acetate is high compared with its expected maximum oxygen demand of 0.68 g O2 g/L. A high measured COD makes degradation harder to achieve, despite this > 60 % biodegradation was still observed within the 10 day window. The sludge was considered sensitive enough and the test valid.
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Value:
- < 5
- Sampling time:
- 5 d
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Value:
- < 5
- Sampling time:
- 9 d
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Value:
- < 5
- Sampling time:
- 15 d
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Value:
- < 5
- Sampling time:
- 20 d
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Value:
- < 5
- Sampling time:
- 28 d
- Details on results:
- The BOD value for the test material after 28 days indicated negligible biodegradation (< 5 %), and therefore the test substance can be classified as not readily biodegradable.
The results obtained from the toxicity control bottles showed that the test material did not inhibit the biodegradation of sodium acetate, as the mean oxygen consumption in the toxicity control bottles was similar to the mean oxygen consumption of the sodium acetate.
At day 0 the pH of the controls and additional test material bottle were between 7.22 and 7.26. At the end of the 28 day test period, the pH values ranged from 7.12 to 7.18 in the inoculum blank bottles, from 7.13 to 7.29 in the sodium acetate bottles, from 7.26 to 7.30 in the test material bottles and from 7.41 to 7.31 in the toxicity control bottles.
Temperature measurements recorded in several of the test bottles on days 0 and 28 indicated the temperature was within the range 22 ± 2 °C. - Results with reference substance:
- More than 60 % degradation was achieved within the 10 day window as expected for a biodegradable substance, confirming the activated sludge contained viable organisms.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Remarks:
- Although the values for the reference substance are higher than the validity criteria, examination of the data indicate this does not impact on the validity of the test.
- Interpretation of results:
- under test conditions no biodegradation observed
- Conclusions:
- Under the conditions of the test, the BOD value for the test material after 28 days indicated negligible biodegradation (< 5 %) and therefore the test substance can be classified as not readily biodegradable. The study is considered to be reliable, relevant and adequate for risk assessment and classification and labelling purposes.
- Executive summary:
The ready biodegradability of the test material was determined in accordance with the standardised guidelines OCED 301 F and EU Method C.4-D by the measurement of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) in a respirometric test. The BOD value for the test material after 28 days indicated negligible biodegradation (< 5 %), and therefore the test substance can be classified as not readily biodegradable.
The results obtained from the toxicity control bottles showed that the test material did not inhibit the biodegradation of sodium acetate, as the mean oxygen consumption in the toxicity control bottles was similar to the mean oxygen consumption of the sodium acetate.
At day 0 the pH of the controls and additional test material bottle were between 7.22 and 7.26. At the end of the 28 day test period, the pH values ranged from 7.12 to 7.18 in the inoculum blank bottles, from 7.13 to 7.29 in the sodium acetate bottles, from 7.26 to 7.30 in the test material bottles and from 7.41 to 7.31 in the toxicity control bottles. Temperature measurements recorded in several of the test bottles on days 0 and 28 indicated the temperature was within the range 22 ± 2 °C.
Reference
Table 2: Biochemical oxygen demand results – inoculum blanks and reference substance
Bottle contents |
Bottle number |
BOD |
||||
Day 5 |
Day 9 |
Day 15 |
Day 20 |
Day 28 |
||
Inoculum blank |
11 |
4.0 |
6.0 |
5.5 |
5.0 |
4.0 |
13 |
4.0 |
4.0 |
4.0 |
4.0 |
4.0 |
|
17 |
3.0 |
5.5 |
6.0 |
6.0 |
6.0 |
|
Meana (mg O2/L) |
3.5 |
5.0 |
5.0 |
5.0 |
4.5 |
|
Sodium acetate (200 mg/L) |
4 |
90 |
90 |
90 |
90 |
75 |
12 |
110 |
115 |
120 |
120 |
110 |
|
14 |
100 |
110 |
105 |
100 |
85 |
|
15 |
95 |
105 |
105 |
100 |
90 |
|
20 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
75 |
|
21 |
100 |
105 |
105 |
105 |
95 |
|
Sodium acetate (200 mg/L) - inoculum blank mean |
4 |
87 |
85 |
85 |
85 |
71 |
12 |
107 |
110 |
115 |
115 |
106 |
|
14 |
97 |
105 |
100 |
95 |
81 |
|
15 |
92 |
100 |
100 |
95 |
86 |
|
20 |
97 |
95 |
95 |
95 |
71 |
|
21 |
97 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
91 |
|
BODb (g O2 g/L) |
4 |
0.44 |
0.43 |
0.43 |
0.43 |
0.36 |
12 |
0.54 |
0.55 |
0.58 |
0.58 |
0.53 |
|
14 |
0.49 |
0.53 |
0.50 |
0.48 |
0.41 |
|
15 |
0.46 |
0.50 |
0.50 |
0.48 |
0.43 |
|
20 |
0.49 |
0.48 |
0.48 |
0.48 |
0.36 |
|
21 |
0.49 |
0.50 |
0.50 |
0.50 |
0.46 |
|
% Biodegradation (BOD/COD x 100)c |
4 |
55 |
54 |
54 |
54 |
45 |
12 |
68 |
69 |
73 |
73 |
66 |
|
14 |
61 |
66 |
63 |
60 |
51 |
|
15 |
58 |
63 |
63 |
60 |
54 |
|
20 |
61 |
60 |
60 |
60 |
45 |
|
21 |
61 |
63 |
63 |
63 |
58 |
|
Mean % biodegradation |
61 |
63 |
63 |
62 |
53 |
|
Manometer readings are quoted to the nearest 0.5 mg O2/L for the inoculum blanks and 5 mg O2/L for the reference and test substances. All mean values are quoted to the nearest 0.5 mg O2/L aMean inoclulm blank BOD is normally in the range 4 to 15 mg O2/L and less than 60 mg O2/L after 28 days for manometric respirometry tests carried out at this laboratory bBOD (g/O2 g/L test substance) = BOD blank corrected (mg O2/L)/test substance concentration (mg/L) cThe chemical oxygen demand (COD) of sodium acetate was measured as 0.80 g O2 g/L |
Table 3: Biochemical oxygen demand results with the test material
Bottle contents |
Bottle number |
BOD |
||||
Day 5 |
Day 9 |
Day 15 |
Day 20 |
Day 28 |
||
Test material (100 mg/L) |
7 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
8 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
18 |
10 |
10 |
10 |
5 |
0 |
|
Test material (100 mg/L) - inoculum blank mean |
7 |
<5 |
<5 |
<5 |
<5 |
<5 |
8 |
<5 |
<5 |
<5 |
<5 |
<5 |
|
18 |
7 |
5 |
5 |
<5 |
<5 |
|
BODa (g O2 g/L) |
7 |
<0.05 |
<0.05 |
<0.05 |
<0.05 |
<0.05 |
8 |
<0.05 |
<0.05 |
<0.05 |
<0.05 |
<0.05 |
|
18 |
0.07 |
0.05 |
0.05 |
<0.05 |
<0.05 |
|
% Biodegradation (BOD/COD x 100)b |
7 |
<5 |
<5 |
<5 |
<5 |
<5 |
8 |
<5 |
<5 |
<5 |
<5 |
<5 |
|
18 |
<5 |
<5 |
<5 |
<5 |
<5 |
|
Mean % biodegradation |
<5 |
<5 |
<5 |
<5 |
<5 |
|
Manometer readings are quoted to the nearest 0.5 mg O2/L for the inoculum blanks and 5 mg O2/L for the reference and test substances. All mean values are quoted to the nearest 0.5 mg O2/L. The mean of values including a 'less than' figure is calculated as the mean of those figures, expressed as a 'less than' figure. aBOD (g/O2 g/L test substance) = BOD blank corrected (mg O2/L)/test substance concentration (mg/L) bThe chemical oxygen demand (COD) of the test material was measured as 2.06 g O2 g/L |
Table 4: Toxicity control BOD comparison
Contents |
BOD (mg O2/L) |
||||
Day 5 |
Day 9 |
Day 15 |
Day 20 |
Day 28 |
|
Toxicity control |
85 |
90 |
90 |
90 |
70 |
95 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
90 |
|
100 |
110 |
110 |
110 |
110 |
|
Toxicity control - inoculum blank |
82 |
85 |
85 |
85 |
66 |
92 |
95 |
95 |
95 |
86 |
|
97 |
105 |
105 |
105 |
106 |
|
Mean |
90 |
95 |
95 |
95 |
86 |
Sodium acetate - inoculum blank |
87 |
85 |
85 |
85 |
71 |
107 |
110 |
115 |
115 |
106 |
|
97 |
105 |
100 |
95 |
81 |
|
92 |
100 |
100 |
95 |
86 |
|
97 |
95 |
95 |
95 |
71 |
|
97 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
91 |
|
Mean |
96 |
99 |
99 |
98 |
84 |
Table 5: pH values in bottles
Bottle contents |
Bottle number |
pH |
|
Day 0 |
Day 28 |
||
Inoculum blank |
11 |
7.23 |
7.18 |
13 |
- |
7.12 |
|
17 |
- |
7.15 |
|
200 mg/L sodium acetate |
4 |
7.26 |
7.13 |
12 |
- |
7.15 |
|
14 |
- |
7.21 |
|
15 |
- |
7.20 |
|
20 |
- |
7.29 |
|
21 |
- |
7.20 |
|
100 mg/L test material |
7 |
- |
7.30 |
8 |
- |
7.26 |
|
18 |
- |
7.27 |
|
100 mg/L test material (toxic control) |
2 |
- |
7.15 |
5 |
- |
7.14 |
|
16 |
- |
7.31 |
|
100 mg/L test material (extra vessel pH only) |
22 |
7.22 |
- |
Description of key information
Not readily biodegradable (<5 % degradation after 28 days), OECD 301 F, EU method C.4-D, Maynard 2003
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Biodegradation in water:
- under test conditions no biodegradation observed
Additional information
The ready biodegradability of the test material was determined in accordance with the standardised guidelines OCED 301 F and EU Method C.4-D by the measurement of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) in a respirometric test. The BOD value for the test material after 28 days indicated negligible biodegradation (<5%) at 22 °C, and therefore the test substance can be classified as not readily biodegradable.
The results obtained from the toxicity control bottles showed that the test material did not inhibit the biodegradation of sodium acetate, as the mean oxygen consumption in the toxicity control bottles was similar to the mean oxygen consumption of the sodium acetate. The available data is considered complete and the conclusion, not readily biodegradable, was taken forward for risk assessment.
The inherent biodegradation of the test substance was assessed in a guideline study according to GLP over 28 days in an inorganic salts medium inoculated with microorganisms collected from 10 sites in Nanjing district. The biodegradation was assessed based on the actual biological oxygen demand (BOD) compared to the theoretical oxygen demand (ThOD), and on residue analysis based on the measured amounts of the test item after 28 days. The BOD results showed that inherent biodegradation of the test substance was less than 1% after 28 days based on the calculation of the ThODNH3. Based on the residue analysis, inherent biodegradation of the test substance was 1.22% during the testing period. Thus, the study on inherent biodegradation confirmed that the substance is not readily biodegradable.
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