Reaction mass of potassium;sodium;2-[bis[2-[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl]amino]acetate;copper and potassium;sodium;2-[2-[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl-(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]acetate;copper

Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Reference 1

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

2017

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)

Deviations:

yes

Remarks:

Non critical deviation

GLP compliance:

yes (incl. QA statement)

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Details on sampling:

- Concentrations: the control, the lowest, the highest concentrations and a concentration around the expected EC50 concentration: 0, 2, 20.7 and 100 mg/L
- Sampling method: All the solutions will be analysed taken directly from the starting solutions without daphnids.
- Sample storage conditions before analysis: All the solutions were kept in refrigerator or freeze in order to be analyzed if necessary or relevant.

Vehicle:

no

Details on test solutions:

According to the sponsor, the test item is soluble in water. The dilution water was the daphnids test medium, a weakly saline aqueous medium.

Test organisms (species):

Daphnia magna

Details on test organisms:

TEST ORGANISM
- Common name:
- Strain/clone: clone number 5
- Justification for species other than prescribed by test guideline: not relevant
- Source: laboratory culture
- Age of parental stock (mean and range, SD): not specified
- Feeding during test: no
- Food type: not specified
- Amount: not specified
- Frequency: not specified

ACCLIMATION
no acclimation

Test type:

static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

48 h

Test temperature:

19.8 – 20.0°C

pH:

7.6-7.9

Dissolved oxygen:

8.9-9.3 mg/L

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Nominal concentration (mg/L): 2.0, 4.3, 9.4, 20.7, 45.5, 100.0.
Measured concentrations: see table below

Details on test conditions:

TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: tube
- Type (delete if not applicable): open
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: glass tubes of 10 ml
- Aeration: no
- Type of flow-through (e.g. peristaltic or proportional diluter): not relevant
- Renewal rate of test solution (frequency/flow rate): no renewal
- No. of organisms per vessel: 5
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 4
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 4
- No. of vessels per vehicle control (replicates): not relevant
- Biomass loading rate: not specified

TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: ultrapure water
- Culture medium different from test medium: no

OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: not needed
- Photoperiod: total darkness
- Light intensity: not relevant

EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) :
immobilization (24 and 48 hours)

VEHICLE CONTROL PERFORMED: no

RANGE-FINDING STUDY
- Test concentrations: 0, 1, 10, 100 mg/L
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: yes

Reference substance (positive control):

yes

Remarks:

potassium dichromate

Duration:

24 h

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

64.74 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mobility

Key result

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

18.05 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mobility

Details on results:

No sign of stress was observed on the mobile daphnids after 48 hours of exposure to the highest concentration.

Results with reference substance (positive control):

The last toxic response obtained on the reference item K2Cr2O7 (November 2, 2017) gives an EC50-24h of 1.38 mg/L (1.26 – 1.51), indicating that the daphnids sensitivity is correct (within the accepted interval of 0.6 – 2.1 mg/L fixed by the International Standard ISO 6341 December 2012 as mentioned in the OECD 202 Guideline) and in accordance with historical data obtained by the laboratory.

Reported statistics and error estimates:

See table.

Validity criteria for the test

	Criteria for OECD 202	Validity criteria conformity
Immobilised daphnids in the Control	<10%	Yes (0%)
Dissolved Oxygen at the end of the test	>3 mg/L	Yes (8.9 mg/L)

EC50 values for immobilization

Observation time	24h	48h
EC50in mg/l [Confidence interval]	64.74 mg/L [53.84 – 78.15]	18.05 mg/L [14.53 – 22.66]

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Conclusions:

All the validity criteria were successful.

The results obtained for the test item “REACTION MIXTURE OF CuDTPA and CuHEEDTA” on the toxicological endpoint “immobilisation” give an EC50-24h = 64.74 mg/L [53.84 – 78.15] and an EC50-48h = 18.05 mg/L [14.53 22.66] based on nominal test item concentrations.

Executive summary:

This study was carried out in accordance with the study plan no.17/1108F/d dated November 6, 2017.

There was one deviation (cf. 9.3) to the study plan during this study.

There was no amendment during this study.

 

The aim of this study was to assess the effects of the test item “REACTION MIXTURE OF CuDTPA and CuHEEDTA”on the daphnidsDaphnia magna, according to the OECD 202 guideline, in static conditions.

 

The concentrations which immobilise 50% of the daphnids exposed to the test item after 24 and 48 hours, reported as EC₅₀-24h and EC₅₀-48h were evaluated, relative to the tested concentrations.

 

According to the sponsor, chemical analyses of “REACTION MIXTURE OF CuDTPA and CuHEEDTA” in the test solutions was performed by ICP/OES in order to check the test item stability throughout the study.

The test item « REACTION MIXTURE OF CuDTPA and CuHEEDTA» was considered stable under test conditions because the measured concentrationsof Copper (Cu) in samples containing the test itemdid not vary more than ± 20 % during the test.

 

The values are based on nominal test item “REACTION MIXTURE OF CuDTPA and CuHEEDTA” concentration.

 

Validity criteria conformity:

	Values for OECD 202	Validity criteria for the test
Immobilised daphnids in control	<10%	Yes (0%)
Dissolved Oxygen concentration	>3 mg/L	Yes (8.9 mg/L)

 

All the validity criteria were successful.

 

Daphnids immobilisation

Nominal test item concentrations in mg/L	Number of daphnids exposed at the start	Immobilised daphnids (%)
		at 24h	at 48h
Control	20	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
2.0	20	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
4.3	20	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
9.4	20	0 (0%)	3 (15%)
20.7	20	0 (0%)	10 (50%)
45.5	20	3 (15%)	20 (100%)
100.0	20	18 (90%)	20 (100%)

 

 

EC₅₀values at different observation times

Observation time	24h	48h
EC50in mg/l [Confidence interval]	64.74 mg/L [53.84 – 78.15]	18.05 mg/L [14.53 – 22.66]

The results obtained for the test item “REACTION MIXTURE OF CuDTPA and CuHEEDTA” on the toxicological endpoint “immobilisation” give an EC₅₀-24h = 64.74 mg/L [53.84 – 78.15] and an EC₅₀-48h = 18.05 mg/L [14.53 - 22.66]based on nominal test item concentrations.

 

Reference 2

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

supporting study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study without detailed documentation

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

ISO 6341 (Water quality - Determination of the Inhibition of the Mobility of Daphnia magna Straus (Cladocera, Crustacea))

Version / remarks:

1989

Deviations:

not specified

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: SFS 5062

Version / remarks:

SFS (Finnish Standards Association), Water quality: Determination of the acute toxicity with water flea, Duphntu mugnu Straus, SFS 5062, Helsinki (1984). In Finnish.

Deviations:

not specified

GLP compliance:

not specified

Analytical monitoring:

no

Vehicle:

yes

Remarks:

distilled water

Details on test solutions:

From the chemicals, stock solutions containing 1000 mg[l of the metal (Zn2+, Cd2+, Hg2+, Fe3+, Mn2+ or Cu2+) were prepared in distilled water. EDTA stock solution contained 10 gEDTA/l.
To examine the effect of complexation, an equimolar amount of solid EDTA or DTPA was added to each metal stock solution. To make the final test solutions, mainly few hundreds of pl of the respective stock solution or a dilution of it was used.

Test organisms (species):

Daphnia magna

Details on test organisms:

TEST ORGANISM
Cultivated according to ISO 6341 at the temperature of 25 +-2°C and the light rythm of 17h light and 7h dark. Daphnids were fed ad libitum with a pure culture of Celenastrum capricornutum.

ACCLIMATION
not specified

Test type:

static

Water media type:

freshwater

Total exposure duration:

24 h

Test temperature:

25 +- 2°C

Details on test conditions:

Acute toxicity was determined according to standards IS0 6341 and SFS 5062 [12, 131. The test temperature was 25 f 2’C. For each test concentration, three replicates with five daphnids in each were studied. Test vials were kept in the daylight.

Reference substance (positive control):

yes

Remarks:

potassium dichromate

Duration:

24 h

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

74 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

act. ingr.

Remarks:

CuDTPA. Expressed as the total amount of Cu

Basis for effect:

mobility

Duration:

24 h

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

0.022 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Remarks:

Cu

Basis for effect:

mobility

Duration:

24 h

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

120 000 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Remarks:

DTPA

Basis for effect:

mobility

Details on results:

Both EDTA and DTPA decreased the metal toxicity considerably. The decrease was generally higher with DTPA complexes, except in the case of cadmium.
The effectiviness of preventing chemical activity is in correlation with the stability of the bonds formed with metal ions. Since for every metal, DTPA complex has a higher stability constant compared to that of EDTA, it can be assumed that the ability of decreasing the toxicity of a certain metal is greater with DTPA.

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not specified

Conclusions:

Complexation by either EDTA or DTPA resulted in significant toxicity decreases with most of the studied metals. On the other hand, toxicities of the metal complexes of EDTA and DTPA were considerably higher, compared with those of the free EDTA and DTPA. This is an essential fact when the environmental fate of these complexing agents is to be estimated.

Executive summary:

The EC50 values (24h,Duphniu magna) of Fe3+, Cu2+, Mn2+, Zn2+, Cd2+ and Hg2’ complexed by

EDT A or DTP A were compared with those of the respective uncomplexed metals and free EDT A and

DTPA. The experiments gave the following toxicity order: Hg2+ > Cu2+ > Cd2+ > Zn2+ > Fe3+ > J&2+.

After complexation, the toxicities were 1.1 - 1700 (EDTA) and 7.0 - 3400 @TPA) times lower. With Hg2+

however, complexation did not decrease the toxicity. Excluding Cd-DTPA, the toxicity reductions had a high

correlation with the conditional stability constants of the respective metal chelates. Compared with the

toxicity of free EDT A and DTP A, metal complexation increased the toxicity of EDT A and DTP A

considerably.

Reference 3

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

supporting study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study without detailed documentation

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

ISO 6341 (Water quality - Determination of the Inhibition of the Mobility of Daphnia magna Straus (Cladocera, Crustacea))

Version / remarks:

1989

Deviations:

not specified

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: SFS 5062

Version / remarks:

SFS (Finnish Standards Association), Water quality: Determination of the acute toxicity with water flea, Duphntu mugnu Straus, SFS 5062, Helsinki (1984). In Finnish.

Deviations:

not specified

GLP compliance:

not specified

Analytical monitoring:

no

Vehicle:

yes

Remarks:

distilled water

Details on test solutions:

From the chemicals, stock solutions containing 1000 mg[l of the metal (Zn2+, Cd2+, Hg2+, Fe3+, Mn2+ or Cu2+) were prepared in distilled water. EDTA stock solution contained 10 gEDTA/l.
To examine the effect of complexation, an equimolar amount of solid EDTA or DTPA was added to each metal stock solution. To make the final test solutions, mainly few hundreds of pl of the respective stock solution or a dilution of it was used.

Test organisms (species):

Daphnia magna

Details on test organisms:

TEST ORGANISM
Cultivated according to ISO 6341 at the temperature of 25 +-2°C and the light rythm of 17h light and 7h dark. Daphnids were fed ad libitum with a pure culture of Celenastrum capricornutum.

ACCLIMATION
not specified

Test type:

static

Water media type:

freshwater

Total exposure duration:

24 h

Test temperature:

25 +- 2°C

Details on test conditions:

Acute toxicity was determined according to standards IS0 6341 and SFS 5062 [12, 131. The test temperature was 25 f 2’C. For each test concentration, three replicates with five daphnids in each were studied. Test vials were kept in the daylight.

Reference substance (positive control):

yes

Remarks:

potassium dichromate

Duration:

24 h

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

38 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

act. ingr.

Remarks:

CuEDTA. Expressed as the total amount of Cu

Basis for effect:

mobility

Duration:

24 h

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

0.022 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Remarks:

Cu

Basis for effect:

mobility

Duration:

24 h

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

610 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Remarks:

EDTA

Basis for effect:

mobility

Details on results:

Both EDTA and DTPA decreased the metal toxicity considerably. The decrease was generally higher with DTPA complexes, except in the case of cadmium.
The effectiviness of preventing chemical activity is in correlation with the stability of the bonds formed with metal ions. Since for every metal, DTPA complex has a higher stability constant compared to that of EDTA, it can be assumed that the ability of decreasing the toxicity of a certain metal is greater with DTPA.

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not specified

Conclusions:

Complexation by either EDTA or DTPA resulted in significant toxicity decreases with most of the studied metals. On the other hand, toxicities of the metal complexes of EDTA and DTPA were considerably higher, compared with those of the free EDTA and DTPA. This is an essential fact when the environmental fate of these complexing agents is to be estimated.

Executive summary:

The EC50 values (24h,Duphniu magna) of Fe3+, Cu2+, Mn2+, Zn2+, Cd2+ and Hg2’ complexed by

EDT A or DTP A were compared with those of the respective uncomplexed metals and free EDT A and

DTPA. The experiments gave the following toxicity order: Hg2+ > Cu2+ > Cd2+ > Zn2+ > Fe3+ > J&2+.

After complexation, the toxicities were 1.1 - 1700 (EDTA) and 7.0 - 3400 @TPA) times lower. With Hg2+

however, complexation did not decrease the toxicity. Excluding Cd-DTPA, the toxicity reductions had a high

correlation with the conditional stability constants of the respective metal chelates. Compared with the

toxicity of free EDT A and DTP A, metal complexation increased the toxicity of EDT A and DTP A

considerably.

Reference 4

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

supporting study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study without detailed documentation

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

ISO 6341 (Water quality - Determination of the Inhibition of the Mobility of Daphnia magna Straus (Cladocera, Crustacea))

Version / remarks:

1989

Deviations:

not specified

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: SFS 5062

Version / remarks:

SFS (Finnish Standards Association), Water quality: Determination of the acute toxicity with water flea, Duphntu mugnu Straus, SFS 5062, Helsinki (1984). In Finnish.

Deviations:

not specified

GLP compliance:

not specified

Analytical monitoring:

no

Vehicle:

yes

Remarks:

distilled water

Details on test solutions:

From the chemicals, stock solutions containing 1000 mg[l of the metal (Zn2+, Cd2+, Hg2+, Fe3+, Mn2+ or Cu2+) were prepared in distilled water. EDTA stock solution contained 10 gEDTA/l.
To examine the effect of complexation, an equimolar amount of solid EDTA or DTPA was added to each metal stock solution. To make the final test solutions, mainly few hundreds of pl of the respective stock solution or a dilution of it was used.

Test organisms (species):

Daphnia magna

Details on test organisms:

TEST ORGANISM
Cultivated according to ISO 6341 at the temperature of 25 +-2°C and the light rythm of 17h light and 7h dark. Daphnids were fed ad libitum with a pure culture of Celenastrum capricornutum.

ACCLIMATION
not specified

Test type:

static

Water media type:

freshwater

Total exposure duration:

24 h

Test temperature:

25 +- 2°C

Details on test conditions:

Acute toxicity was determined according to standards IS0 6341 and SFS 5062 [12, 131. The test temperature was 25 f 2’C. For each test concentration, three replicates with five daphnids in each were studied. Test vials were kept in the daylight.

Reference substance (positive control):

yes

Remarks:

potassium dichromate

Duration:

24 h

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

2 400 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

act. ingr.

Remarks:

ZnDTPA. Expressed as the total amount of Zn

Basis for effect:

mobility

Duration:

24 h

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

5.5 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Remarks:

Zn

Basis for effect:

mobility

Duration:

24 h

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

120 000 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Remarks:

DTPA

Basis for effect:

mobility

Details on results:

Both EDTA and DTPA decreased the metal toxicity considerably. The decrease was generally higher with DTPA complexes, except in the case of cadmium.
The effectiviness of preventing chemical activity is in correlation with the stability of the bonds formed with metal ions. Since for every metal, DTPA complex has a higher stability constant compared to that of EDTA, it can be assumed that the ability of decreasing the toxicity of a certain metal is greater with DTPA.

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not specified

Conclusions:

Complexation by either EDTA or DTPA resulted in significant toxicity decreases with most of the studied metals. On the other hand, toxicities of the metal complexes of EDTA and DTPA were considerably higher, compared with those of the free EDTA and DTPA. This is an essential fact when the environmental fate of these complexing agents is to be estimated.

Executive summary:

The EC50 values (24h,Duphniu magna) of Fe3+, Cu2+, Mn2+, Zn2+, Cd2+ and Hg2’ complexed by

EDT A or DTP A were compared with those of the respective uncomplexed metals and free EDT A and

DTPA. The experiments gave the following toxicity order: Hg2+ > Cu2+ > Cd2+ > Zn2+ > Fe3+ > J&2+.

After complexation, the toxicities were 1.1 - 1700 (EDTA) and 7.0 - 3400 @TPA) times lower. With Hg2+

however, complexation did not decrease the toxicity. Excluding Cd-DTPA, the toxicity reductions had a high

correlation with the conditional stability constants of the respective metal chelates. Compared with the

toxicity of free EDT A and DTP A, metal complexation increased the toxicity of EDT A and DTP A

considerably.

Reference 5

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

supporting study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study without detailed documentation

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

ISO 6341 (Water quality - Determination of the Inhibition of the Mobility of Daphnia magna Straus (Cladocera, Crustacea))

Version / remarks:

1989

Deviations:

not specified

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: SFS 5062

Version / remarks:

SFS (Finnish Standards Association), Water quality: Determination of the acute toxicity with water flea, Duphntu mugnu Straus, SFS 5062, Helsinki (1984). In Finnish.

Deviations:

not specified

GLP compliance:

not specified

Analytical monitoring:

no

Vehicle:

yes

Remarks:

distilled water

Details on test solutions:

From the chemicals, stock solutions containing 1000 mg[l of the metal (Zn2+, Cd2+, Hg2+, Fe3+, Mn2+ or Cu2+) were prepared in distilled water. EDTA stock solution contained 10 gEDTA/l.
To examine the effect of complexation, an equimolar amount of solid EDTA or DTPA was added to each metal stock solution. To make the final test solutions, mainly few hundreds of pl of the respective stock solution or a dilution of it was used.

Test organisms (species):

Daphnia magna

Details on test organisms:

TEST ORGANISM
Cultivated according to ISO 6341 at the temperature of 25 +-2°C and the light rythm of 17h light and 7h dark. Daphnids were fed ad libitum with a pure culture of Celenastrum capricornutum.

ACCLIMATION
not specified

Test type:

static

Water media type:

freshwater

Total exposure duration:

24 h

Test temperature:

25 +- 2°C

Details on test conditions:

Acute toxicity was determined according to standards IS0 6341 and SFS 5062 [12, 131. The test temperature was 25 f 2’C. For each test concentration, three replicates with five daphnids in each were studied. Test vials were kept in the daylight.

Reference substance (positive control):

yes

Remarks:

potassium dichromate

Duration:

24 h

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

910 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

act. ingr.

Remarks:

ZnEDTA. Expressed as the total amount of Zn

Basis for effect:

mobility

Duration:

24 h

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

5.5 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Remarks:

Zn

Basis for effect:

mobility

Duration:

24 h

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

610 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Remarks:

EDTA

Basis for effect:

mobility

Details on results:

Both EDTA and DTPA decreased the metal toxicity considerably. The decrease was generally higher with DTPA complexes, except in the case of cadmium.
The effectiviness of preventing chemical activity is in correlation with the stability of the bonds formed with metal ions. Since for every metal, DTPA complex has a higher stability constant compared to that of EDTA, it can be assumed that the ability of decreasing the toxicity of a certain metal is greater with DTPA.

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not specified

Conclusions:

Complexation by either EDTA or DTPA resulted in significant toxicity decreases with most of the studied metals. On the other hand, toxicities of the metal complexes of EDTA and DTPA were considerably higher, compared with those of the free EDTA and DTPA. This is an essential fact when the environmental fate of these complexing agents is to be estimated.

Executive summary:

The EC50 values (24h,Duphniu magna) of Fe3+, Cu2+, Mn2+, Zn2+, Cd2+ and Hg2’ complexed by

EDT A or DTP A were compared with those of the respective uncomplexed metals and free EDT A and

DTPA. The experiments gave the following toxicity order: Hg2+ > Cu2+ > Cd2+ > Zn2+ > Fe3+ > J&2+.

After complexation, the toxicities were 1.1 - 1700 (EDTA) and 7.0 - 3400 @TPA) times lower. With Hg2+

however, complexation did not decrease the toxicity. Excluding Cd-DTPA, the toxicity reductions had a high

correlation with the conditional stability constants of the respective metal chelates. Compared with the

toxicity of free EDT A and DTP A, metal complexation increased the toxicity of EDT A and DTP A

considerably.

Description of key information

Chelating agents are known to make metal ions less bioavailable in freshwater (Sorvari et al. 1996).

The aquatic toxicity of the Reaction mixture of CuDTPA and CuHEEDTA is thus expected to be lower compared to more bioavailble copper compounds.

Based on an OECD 202 study, the 48-h EC50 of 18.05 mg/L was determined.

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Fresh water invertebrates

Fresh water invertebrates

Effect concentration:

18.05 mg/L