Alcohols, C18-unsatd and ethoxylated C18-unsatd., phosphates (5 moles ethoxylation)

Endpoint summary

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Effects on fertility

Description of key information

Based on the available weight of evidence from studies on substances representative of the main constituents, the test substance, 'mono- and di- C18-unsatd. PSE and C18 -unsatd. AE5 PSE' is not considered to pose reproductive or development concern. The NOAEL can be considered to achieved at the highest dose ranging from 800-1000 mg/kg bw/day.

Link to relevant study records

Reference

Reference 1

Endpoint:

screening for reproductive / developmental toxicity

Type of information:

read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)

Adequacy of study:

weight of evidence

Study period:

2005

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study with acceptable restrictions

Remarks:

KL2 due to RA

Justification for type of information:

Refer to section 13 of IUCLID for details on the read-across justification. The study with the read across substance is considered sufficient to fulfil the information requirements as further explained in the provided endpoint summary.

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

read-across source

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 422 (Combined Repeated Dose Toxicity Study with the Reproduction / Developmental Toxicity Screening Test)

Deviations:

not specified

GLP compliance:

yes

Limit test:

no

Justification for study design:

Investigation of the repeated-dose, reproductive and developmental toxicity of the test substance as well as the reversibility of the potential toxic changes.

Species:

rat

Strain:

other: Crj:CD(SD)IGS

Sex:

male/female

Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:

- Seventy each of 8-week-old male and female Sprague-Dawley SPF rats (Crj;CD (SD) IGS, Charles River Laboratories Japan, Inc., Atsugi Breeding Center) were purchased (number of animals received: 73 each of males and females)
- The animals were quarantined and acclimatized for 14 d. During this period, the general condition, body weight, and estrous cycle (for 9 d after the quarantine period) were examined, and 58 each of males and females without any abnormality of the general condition (males) (or without any abnormality of the general condition or estrous cycle and with good weight increase for females) were selected and administered the test substance at the age of 10 weeks.
- The body weight at the start of the test substance administration ranged from 338 to 395 g for the males and 219 to 256 g for the females.
- Animals were housed individually in a bracket type metal wire cage in an animal breeding room maintained at a temperature of 21°C to 26°C, relative humidity of 37% to 77%, ventilation frequency of 10 to 15 air changes per hour, and illuminated for 12 h per day (07:00 to 19:00).
- The animals were allowed free access to Solid chow NMF (nonsterilized: Oriental Yeast Co., Ltd., batch numbers 040713, 040806, 040913) from a stainless steel feeder and to tap water (city water of Gotenba, water bottle was used).

Route of administration:

oral: gavage

Vehicle:

olive oil

Details on exposure:

The test substance was administered by oral gavage, a method commonly employed for oral administration to rodents. Each animal received 5 mL/kg body weight of the test suspension by forced oral administration via a gastric tube (08:20-14:24 h). Animals of the control group received the vehicle (olive oil) in a similar manner. The volume of the test suspension was calculated based on the latest body weight of each animal.

Details on mating procedure:

- After the end of the pre-mating administration period, each pair of male and female animals in the same dose group of the main group was housed in the same cage overnight, and the females were judged to have copulated if the vaginal smear contained sperm or the presence of the vaginal plug was confirmed. Days to copulation was calculated from the day of mating, taken as Day 0. From gestation day 17 to Day 5 of lactation, the animals were housed individually in a plastic Econ cage with bedding.
- Observation of mother animals. All female animals confirmed to have copulated were allowed to undergo spontaneous delivery, and observed for the presence/absence of abnormalities in the delivery. Delivery completion was checked twice daily (morning, afternoon) from gestation Day 21 to the morning of gestation Day 25, from which the gestation period was calculated in units of 0.5 d. If delivery was complete by 5:00 h in the afternoon, that day was regarded as Day 0 of lactation.
- Mother animals that completed the delivery were observed for the presence/absence of pup licking and ingestion of the placenta and amnion. They were allowed to suckle pups up to Day 4 of lactation (the date of delivery completion was regarded as Day 0 of lactation) and observed for lactating behavior, using pup gathering, nest building, and breastfeeding as indices.

Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:

yes

Remarks:

HPLC

Details on analytical verification of doses or concentrations:

- An appropriate amount of the test substance for each concentration was weighed and suspended in olive oil in an agate mortar to prescribed concentrations (50, 100, and 200 mg/mL). The test suspensions were prepared at a frequency of at least once every 7 d and stored in a cold dark place (refrigerator, observed temperature: 3°C-5°C) in light-protected containers (brown glass bottles) until use.
- Stability of the test suspensions was confirmed at Bozo Research Center and showed that 50 and 200 mg/mL suspensions of the test substance (vehicle: olive oil) remained stable for 24 h at room temperature after storage in light-protected containers in a cold dark place (refrigerator) for 7 d.
- Confirmation of the concentrations and uniformity of the test suspensions of each concentration used for administration at week 1 and on the last week of administration were analyzed by HPLC at the Bozo Research Center. The results showed that for all the suspensions tested, the percentage of the test substance relative to the nominal value was in the range of 96.5% to 105.0%, with a C.V. in the range of 1.0% to 5.3%, which were within the acceptable range (concentration, nominal value ± 10%; C.V., ≤ 10%).
- Analytical method:
The test sample (dosing suspension), 1 mL, was diluted with 60 vol% of THF solution to 10 mL and centrifuged (2000 rpm, 1000 × g, 20°C, 5 minutes); then, 1 mL of the lower layer was diluted to 5 mL with the mobile phase of HPLC. The diluted solution was filtered through a Milex HV filter and the filtrate was subjected to measurement by the HPLC system. Single test samples were taken from the upper, middle and lower layers of the dosing suspension.

Duration of treatment / exposure:

The duration of administration was 14 d before mating, 14 d during the mating period, and 14 d after the mating period, that is, 42 d in total, for the males of the main group and the males and females of the recovery group, and 14 d before mating and up to Day 4 of lactation throughout the mating and gestation periods, that is, 42 to 45 d in total, for the females of the main group. The recovery period for the males and females of the recovery group was 14 d after the end of administration, during which period the test substance was not given to the animals.

Frequency of treatment:

Daily

Dose / conc.:

0 mg/kg bw/day (actual dose received)

Dose / conc.:

250 mg/kg bw/day (actual dose received)

Dose / conc.:

500 mg/kg bw/day (actual dose received)

Dose / conc.:

1 000 mg/kg bw/day (actual dose received)

No. of animals per sex per dose:

A total of 4 dose groups were set up: 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg bw groups and the control group. Each main group consisted of 12 male and female animals each, and each recovery group consisted of 5 each of males and female animals in the control and high- dose groups.

Control animals:

yes, concurrent vehicle

Details on study design:

- Rationale for selection of doses. In a previous study “14 d repeated-dose oral toxicity study of the test substance in rats (a preliminary study)” (doses: 125, 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg bw, Bozo Research Center study No.: C-R016), administration of the test substance did not produce any effect even at 1000 mg/kg bw, the level defined as the limiting dose by the OECD Guideline for Testing of Chemicals 422. Therefore, 1000 mg/kg was set as the highest dose, and doses of 500 and 250 mg/kg bw were derived by dividing by a common factor of 2. A total of 3 doses were thus set up.

Positive control:

No

Parental animals: Observations and examinations:

- Observation of the general condition. All animals were observed for the presence of any abnormality of the general condition, such as in the external appearance, nutritional condition, posture, behavior, and excrements, 3 times everyday (before, immediately after, and 2 h after the administration) during the administration period and once every morning during the recovery period.
Detailed observation of the general condition, function tests, measurement of the grip strength and spontaneous motor activity. Detailed observation of the general condition was performed once before the start of administration for all animals, once every week during the administration period for the males of the main group, once every week during the pre-mating administration and mating periods, and on predetermined days (gestation Days 1, 7, 14 and 20, Day 4 of lactation) during the gestation period and the lactation period for the females of the main group, and once every week during the administration and recovery periods for the animals of the recovery group. Function tests, measurement of the grip strength, and measurement of the spontaneous motor activity were performed on the last week of administration (Day 39 of administration) for the males of the main group, after F1 necropsy on Day 4 of lactation (Day 42-45 of administration) for the females of the main group, and on the last week of administration (Day 39 of administration) and last week of the recovery period (Day 11 of recovery) for the males and females of the recovery group. These tests were performed on 5 animals each per group. - Measurement of body weight. Body weight was measured on Days 1, 4, 8, 11, 15, 18, 22, 25, 29, 32, 36, 39 and 42 of administration, and on the day of necropsy for the males of the main group, on Days 1, 4, 8, 11 and 14 of the recovery period and on the day of necropsy, in addition to the days of measurement for the males of the main group, for the males and females of the recovery group, and on Days 1, 4, 8, 11 and 15 of administration (and Days 18, 22 and 25 of the administration period as well as in non-copulated animals), Days 0, 4, 7, 11, 14, 17 and 20 of gestation, and Days 0 and 4 of lactation for the females of the main group. Body weight was measured from 08:06 to 10:45 h, except for the measurement on Day 0 of lactation for females whose end of delivery was confirmed during the observation in the afternoon. On the day of necropsy, the body weight was measured after the animals had been denied access to food for approximately 16 h from the previous day, in order to calculate the relative organ weight.
- Measurement of food consumption. The amount of food remaining relative to that supplied on the previous day was measured on Days 1, 4, 8, 11, 15, 32, 36, 39 and 42 of administration for the males of the main group, on Days 1, 4, 8, 11 and 14, in addition to the days of measurements for the males of the main group, for the males and females of the recovery group, on Days 1, 4, 8, 11 and 15 of administration, Days 1, 4, 7, 11, 14, 17 and 20 of gestation, and Days 2 and 4 of lactation for the females of the main group. Food consumption per animal was calculated from the data thus obtained. The amount of food supplied and the amount of food remaining were measured from 08:26 to 11:25 h.
- Urinalysis (including measurement of water intake). On the last week of administration (Day 36 to 37 of administration) and on the last week of the recovery period (Day 8 to 9 of recovery), each of the male animals was individually housed in a cage equipped with a urine collector. 4 h urine specimens were collected under fasting conditions of the animals with free access to water, followed by 20 h urine specimen collection under free access to food and water. The parameters tested are as shown below. The first 4-week urine specimens were subjected to tests from pH up to sediments, as well as measurement of the urine volume, and the subsequent 20 h urine specimens were subjected to measurement of the osmotic pressure and urine volume. Urine volume was calculated as the sum of the volumes of 4 h and 20 h urine specimens. The amount of water intake from the previous day was measured using a water bottle while the animals were housed in the cage equipped with the urine collector.

Oestrous cyclicity (parental animals):

Vaginal smear was collected everyday from all females of the main group, from Day 1 of administration until copulation was confirmed, and subjected to microscopic examination. During the pre-mating period, the vaginal smear profile was classified into proestrus, estrus, metestrus, and anestrus, from which frequency of the estrus and the days from one estrus to the next estrus (estrous cycle) were calculated. During the mating period, vaginal smears were examined to confirm the presence/absence of sperms.

Sperm parameters (parental animals):

-

Litter observations:

- The number of live pups and the number of stillborn pups were counted on the day of birth. Live pups were observed once everyday up to Day 4 of lactation. Live pups were also observed for the presence/absence of any external abnormalities, checked for sex, their body weight was measured, and they were allowed to suckle the mother. Pups with external abnormalities were fixed in 10 vol% formalin solution and stored.
- External anomaly rate (%) = (number of pups with external anomalies/total number of pups) × 100
- Sex ratio = (number of male pups)/(number of male plus female pups)

Postmortem examinations (parental animals):

After delivery, the mother animals were exsanguinated to death by dissecting the abdominal aorta on Day 5 of lactation, after the animals had been denied access to food overnight (approx. 16-20 h) from Day 4 of lactation: 5 in each group after blood collection for hematological tests and blood chemistry tests, and the remaining animals under ether anesthesia.
- Necropsy and organ weight measurement. All of the 5 male and female animals in each group from which blood samples were collected for the hematology and blood chemistry tests on the day after the last day of administration and on the last day of the recovery period were exsanguinated to death after the blood collection, and all the other animals were exsanguinated to death by dissecting the abdominal aorta under ether anesthesia. They were then subjected to detailed gross pathological examination of the body organs and tissues, including the external surface, head, chest and abdomen, and the results were recorded. In the females (mother animals), the number of corpora lutea and number of implantation sites were counted on Day 5 of lactation. Then, in 5 each of the male and female animals from which blood samples were collected for the hematology and blood chemistry tests, the weight (absolute) of the following organs (testes and epididymes of all the animals) was measured and the relative weight of each organ per 100 g body weight was calculated from the absolute organ weight and the body weight at necropsy. For bilateral organs marked with an asterisk, the weight of each side was measured separately and the sum of the weights was calculated. Brain, thyroid gland* (including parathyroid gland), thymus gland, heart, liver, spleen, kidney*, adrenal*, testis*, and epididymis*.
- Histopathological examination. The following organs and tissues of all the animals were fixed and stored in 10 vol% formalin solution in phosphate buffer (the testes and epididymes were fixed in Bouin's fluid, followed by storage in 10 vol% formalin solution in phosphate buffer). Then, organs and tissues (see below) were embedded in paraffin, and sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H-E). Specimens obtained from 5 each of the male and female animals of the control and high-dose groups from which blood specimens were collected for the hematology and blood chemistry tests were subjected to microscopic examination (for bilateral organs, both sides were isolated and one side was subjected to the microscopic examination). The results revealed the effect of the test substance on the stomach. Therefore, specimens from 5 each of the male and female animals of the low- and medium-dose groups were also subjected to microscopic examination. Representative cases of normal and abnormal findings were photographed.
(Cerebrum, cerebellum, pituitary gland, spinal cord (thoracic), sciatic nerve, thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, adrenal, thymus gland, spleen, submandibular lymph nodes, mesenteric lymph nodes, heart, lung (including bronchus), stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, colon, rectum, liver, kidney, bladder, testis, epididymis, ovary, uterus, seminal vesicle, sternum (including bone marrow), femur (including bone marrow), and the animal identification site (auricle))

Postmortem examinations (offspring):

After the body weight was measured on Day 4 of lactation, all the pups were exsanguinated to death under ether anesthesia and necropsied to examine for the presence/absence of abnormalities in the organs and tissues, including the head, chest, and abdomen. Body weight was measured for individual pups and the mean body weight was calculated separately for each of the male and female littermates

Statistics:

- Bartlett test
- Dunnett’s test
- χ2 test with Yates’ continuity correction
- Fisher’s exact test

Reproductive indices:

Copulation rate (%) = (number of pairs that copulated/number of pairs) × 100
Conception rate (%) = (number of pregnant females/number of females that copulated) × 100
Fertility rate (%) = (number of pregnant females/number of males that copulated) × 100
Gestation period (days) = Day 0 of lactation - day 0 of gestation
Delivery rate (%) = (number of females giving birth to live pups/number of pregnant females) × 100
Implantation rate (%) = (number of implantation sites/number of corpora lutea) × 100

Offspring viability indices:

Stillbirth rate (%) = (number of stillborn pups/total number of pups) × 100
Live birth rate (%) = (number of live-born pups/total number of pups) × 100
Viability rate of live-born pups (%) = (number of pups alive on day 4 of lactation/number of pups alive on day 0 of lactation) × 100

Clinical signs:

effects observed, non-treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

- In the main group, one female in the 500 mg/kg bw group showed opacity of an eyeball (unilateral) from gestation Day 5, which was not related to the dose and was therefore considered to be an incidental change.
- In the recovery group, one male in the 1000 mg/kg bw group showed decreased spontaneous motor activity from Day 37 of administration up to Day 7 of the recovery period, and wheezing from Day 37 of administration until the end of the recovery period.
- No abnormality was observed in the other animals, either in the main or in the recovery groups.

Dermal irritation (if dermal study):

not examined

Mortality:

no mortality observed

Body weight and weight changes:

effects observed, non-treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

- There were no significant difference in the body weight between males and females of the main group. A significantly greater increase in body weight was observed in the females of the 250 and 1000 mg/kg bw groups during the lactation period, but the increase was not dose-related.
- In the recovery group, males in the 1000 mg/kg bw group showed decreased body weight gain during the administration period and decreased body weight (-21g) during the recovery period. This was caused by the abnormality in 1 out of the 5 animals. This animal showed continued body weight decrease (and also decreased spontaneous activity and wheezing in the observation of the general condition; the body weight was 466g before manifestation of the symptom and 261g on Day 14 of the recovery period). The body weights of the other 4 males and 5 females in the same group were similar to those of the animals in the control group, showing no statistically significant differences.

Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):

effects observed, non-treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

Administration of the test substance did not have any effect on the food consumption in the males or females of either the main group or the recovery group. A significant increase was observed on Days 2 and 4 of lactation in the females of the 250 mg/kg bw dose group in the main group, but this was not dose-related.

Food efficiency:

not examined

Water consumption and compound intake (if drinking water study):

no effects observed

Ophthalmological findings:

not examined

Haematological findings:

no effects observed

Description (incidence and severity):

-Tests at the end of the administration period. A significant increase in the serum level of fibrinogen was observed in the females of the 250 mg/kg bw group and a significant decrease in the percentage of lymphocytes and significant increase in the percentage of segmented neutrophils were observed in the females of the 500 mg/kg bw group. However, none of these changes were observed in the 1000 mg/kg bw group, suggesting that they were within the range of physiological variations. No significant differences were observed in the male animals between the control group and any of the treatment groups.
- Tests at the end of recovery period. A significant increase in the mean corpuscular volume of the red blood cells, significant decrease of the platelet count, significant increase in the percentage of lymphocytes, and significant decrease in the percentage of segmented neutrophils were observed in females of the 1000 mg/kg bw group. However, these changes were not observed at the end of the administration period, which suggested that they were within the range of physiological variations. No significant differences were observed in the male animals between the control group and any of the treatment groups.

Clinical biochemistry findings:

no effects observed

Description (incidence and severity):

- Test at the end of the administration period. A significant increase in the serum level of ALT was observed in the males of the 1000 mg/kg bw group. A significant decrease of the serum level of inorganic phosphorus was observed in the males of the 250 mg/kg bw group. However, since the decrease was not dose-related, it was considered to be within the range of physiological variations.
- Tests at the end of recovery period. A significant increase in the serum level of total protein was observed in the females of the 1000 mg/kg bw group. However, since no such change was observed at the end of the administration period, the increase was considered to be within the range of physiological variations.

Urinalysis findings:

no effects observed

Description (incidence and severity):

Urinalysis (including measurement of water intake) showed no abnormalities in the qualitative parameter values in any of animals in either the main group or in the recovery group. No significant difference was observed in any of the quantitative parameter values between the control group and any of the treatment groups.

Behaviour (functional findings):

no effects observed

Description (incidence and severity):

- Observation of animals in the home cage. No abnormalities were observed in any of the animals in either the main group or the recovery group.
- Observation of the animals while being handled. No abnormality was observed in any of animals in either the main group or the recovery group.
- Observation of animals in the open field. Males of the 1000 mg/kg bw group in the main group showed a significant increase of the defecation frequency during weeks 1 and 2 of administration, which was a very mild transient change and considered to be within normal range. No abnormalities were observed in the other parameters in any of the animals in either the main group or the recovery group. No significant differences were observed in the standing frequency between the control group and any of the treatment groups.
- Function tests. No abnormalities were observed in any of the animals in either the main group or the recovery group. No significant differences were observed in the air righting reflex or landing foot splay between the control group and any of the treatment groups.
- Measurement of the grip strength. No significant differences were observed between the control group and any of the treatment groups in either the main group or the recovery group.
- Measurement of spontaneous motor activity (measured for 10-minute periods and a total of 60 minutes). No significant difference was observed between the control group and any of the treatment groups in either the main group or the recovery group.

Immunological findings:

not examined

Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:

no effects observed

Histopathological findings: non-neoplastic:

effects observed, treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

Administration of the test substance had effects on the stomach of the animals in the 250 mg/kg bw and higher dose groups.
- Findings at the end of the administration period. Stomach: Mild to moderate erosions or ulcers of the anterior stomach were observed in 0, 4 and 4 males and 1, 1 and 1 females of the 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg bw groups, respectively. Very mild to moderate thickening of the anterior stomach mucosa was observed in 1, 4 and 5 males and 1, 4 and 3 females of the 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg bw groups, respectively. Very mild to mild edema of the submucosal tissue in the anterior stomach was observed in 1, 5 and 5 males and 0, 4 and 3 females of the 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg bw groups, respectively. Most of these changes in the anterior stomach were localized findings. All of the other findings observed, as follows, were considered to be incidental changes as judged from the frequency of their occurrence and the histopathological findings (Epididymis: Very mild infiltration by stromal cells was observed in 1 male of the control group. Heart: Very mild localized myocarditis was observed in 4 males of the control group and 1 male of the 1000 mg/kg bw group. Kidney: Very mild basophilic tubules were observed in 3 males of the control group and 1 male and 1 female in the 1000 mg/kg bw group. Liver: Very mild, minute granulomas were observed in 3 males of the control group and 1 male of the 1000 mg/kg bw group. Lung (including bronchi): Very mild mineral deposits in the arterial walls were observed in 1 male of the control group and 1 female of the 1000 mg/kg bw group. Very mild accumulation of foam cells was observed in 2 males and 1 female of the control group, and 1 male and 3 females of the 1000 mg/kg bw group. Spleen: Very mild to mild extramedullary hematopoiesis was observed in 5 females each in the control group and 1000 mg/kg bw group. Stomach: Inclusion cysts were observed in 1 male of the 500 mg/kg bw group. Very mild to mild erosions in the glandular stomach were observed in 0, 0, 0 and 1 male and 3, 1, 1, and 0 females in the control group, 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg bw group, respectively).
- Findings at the end of the recovery period. Stomach: Moderate thickening of the anterior stomach mucosa was observed in 1 male of the 1000 mg/kg bw group.

Histopathological findings: neoplastic:

no effects observed

Reproductive function: oestrous cycle:

no effects observed

Description (incidence and severity):

There were no animals that showed abnormal estrous cycles. No significant differences were observed in the mean length of the estrous cycle between the control group and any of the treatment groups.

Reproductive function: sperm measures:

not examined

Reproductive performance:

no effects observed

Description (incidence and severity):

- Mating results. One pair in the 500 mg/kg bw group did not copulate, whereas copulation occurred in all of the other pairs by Day 4 after the start of mating, resulting in pregnancy in all of the females that copulated. Thus, there were no significant differences in the days to copulation, copulation rate, fertility rate, or conception rate between the control group and any of the treatment groups.
- Delivery results and delivery/lactating state. All pregnant females delivered normally from Day 21.5 to 23.0 of gestation. After administration of the test substance, there were no significant difference in the delivery rate, gestation period, number of corpora lutea, number of implantation sites, implantation rate, stillbirth rate, number of live-born pups, and live birth rate. Significant increases in the number of corpora lutea and in the live-born pups were observed in the 250 mg/kg bw group, but they were not dose-related. In regard to nursing, no abnormalities were observed in nest building, pup gathering, or lactating behavior in any of the mother animals.

Key result

Dose descriptor:

NOEL

Remarks:

systemic

Effect level:

< 250 mg/kg bw/day (actual dose received)

Based on:

test mat.

Sex:

male/female

Basis for effect level:

gross pathology

histopathology: non-neoplastic

Key result

Dose descriptor:

NOAEL

Remarks:

reproductive

Effect level:

1 000 mg/kg bw/day (actual dose received)

Based on:

test mat.

Sex:

male/female

Basis for effect level:

other: no effects observed on reproductive parameters

Key result

Critical effects observed:

no

Clinical signs:

no effects observed

Dermal irritation (if dermal study):

not examined

Mortality / viability:

no mortality observed

Description (incidence and severity):

During the lactation period, death occurred in only 4 pups in the control group and 2 pups in the 1000 mg/kg bw group. Thus, there were no significant differences in the viability rate on Day 4 of lactation between the control group and any of the treatment groups.

Body weight and weight changes:

no effects observed

Description (incidence and severity):

No significant differences were observed in the body weight of the males or females at birth or on Day 4 of lactation between the control group and any of the treatment groups.

Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):

not examined

Food efficiency:

not examined

Water consumption and compound intake (if drinking water study):

not examined

Ophthalmological findings:

not examined

Haematological findings:

not examined

Clinical biochemistry findings:

not examined

Urinalysis findings:

not examined

Sexual maturation:

no effects observed

Description (incidence and severity):

Sex ratio: no effects

Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:

not examined

Gross pathological findings:

effects observed, non-treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

- Thymic cervical residue was observed in the 1, 1, 0 and 2 males and 3, 1, 0 and 3 females of the control group, 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg bw groups, respectively, however, the occurrences were not dose-related.
- No significant differences in external anomalies rate were observed. A kinking of the tail in 1 animal of the 500 mg/kg bw group was recorded, but was considered to be a spontaneous occurrence as judged from the frequency of occurrence and the type of the anomaly.

Histopathological findings:

not examined

Behaviour (functional findings):

not examined

Developmental immunotoxicity:

not examined

Key result

Dose descriptor:

NOAEL

Generation:

F1

Effect level:

1 000 mg/kg bw/day (actual dose received)

Based on:

test mat.

Sex:

male/female

Basis for effect level:

other: no effects observed

Remarks on result:

not determinable due to absence of adverse toxic effects

Key result

Critical effects observed:

no

Key result

Reproductive effects observed:

no

Repeated-dose toxicity:

Administration of the test substance had no effect on any of the following: detailed observation of the general condition, results of function tests, grip strength, spontaneous motor activity, body weight, food consumption, or the results of urinalysis (including water intake), or hematological tests. In regard to the general condition, decreased spontaneous motility, wheezing, and decreased body weight were observed in 1 male of the 1000 mg/kg bw group in the recovery group. Gross examination showed rough mucosa in the anterior stomach and expansion of the digestive tract from the stomach to the colon due to gas accumulation, and histological examination showed thickening of the gastric mucosa. Such findings were observed in only 1 animal. Body weight in this animal showed a similar increase as that observed in the control group until the above symptoms manifested themselves on Day 37 of administration, but continuously decreased after the manifestation of these symptoms, from which these symptoms were judged to be due to inadvertent administration of the test substance into the upper respiratory tract. In regard to the blood chemistry tests, a significant increase of the serum ALT was observed in the males of the 1000 mg/kg bw group at the end of the administration period. Since the findings were very mild and within the range of physiological variations and not accompanied by histopathological abnormalities, it was judged that these findings were not caused by the test substance. In the pathological examination performed at the end of the administration period, gross observation showed indentation of the anterior stomach in the animals of the 250 mg/kg bw and higher dose groups, and rough mucosa and/or white foci in the anterior stomach in the animals of the 500 mg/kg bw and higher dose groups, and histological observation showed erosions/ulcers of the anterior stomach, thickening of the anterior stomach mucosa, and edema in the submucosal tissue, suggesting the irritability of the test substance.

Conclusions:

Based on the results of the read across study, the systemic and reproductive rat NOAELs (P0 generation) of the test substance, are considered to be <250 and 1000 mg/kg bw/day, respectively and the rat NOAEL (F1 generation) is considered to be 1000 mg/kg bw/day.

Executive summary:

A study was conducted to determine the toxicity to reproduction of the read across substance, 'mono- C12 PSE, Na+' (purity: 100%), according to the OECD Guideline 422, in compliance with GLP. The test substance was administered at 0 (control group), 250, 500 or 1000 mg/kg bw to male Sprague-Dawley SPF rats for 14 d before mating, through the mating period, and up to 1 d before necropsy (42 d in total) and to female Sprague-Dawley SPF rats for 14 d before mating, through the mating period and the gestation period, up to Day 4 of lactation (42 to 45 d in total) to investigate the repeated-dose, reproductive and developmental toxicities. In the 0 and 1000 mg/kg bw groups, a 14 d recovery period was allowed after the 42 d administration period to investigate the reversibility of the toxic changes. No test substance-related effects were observed regarding clinical signs, detailed clinical findings, function tests, grip strength, amount of spontaneous movement, body weights, food consumption, urinalysis (including water intake), and haematology or blood chemistry parameters. Gross pathological examination at the end of the administration period revealed recessed areas in the forestomach at 250 mg/kg bw and above and rough mucosa or white foci at 500 mg/kg bw and above, and erosion/ulceration, mucosal thickening and submucosal edema at 250 mg/kg bw and above on histopathological examination. In the light of the absence of a forestomach in humans, observed effects on this tissue were of questionable relevance with reference to the extrapolation of the toxic properties of a test substance in humans. Further, administration of the test substance did not have any effect on the oestrous cycle, days to copulation, copulation rate, fertility rate, or conception rate. Similarly, administration of the test substance did not have any effect on the delivery rate, gestation period, number of corpora lutea, number of implantation sites, implantation rate, stillbirth rate, number of live-born pups, live-birth rate in the mother animals, or on the sex ratio of the littermates. No abnormalities were observed in the lactating behaviour during the lactation period either. These results suggest that administration of the test substance even at 1000 mg/kg bw had no effect on the reproductive function, such as that shown by the copulation rate, of the males or females, or in the fertility rate, conception rate, or on the gestation maintenance, delivery, or lactating behaviour in the mother animals. Pups showed no changes caused by the administration of the test substance regarding the observation at birth, necropsy findings on Day 4 of lactation, body weight, or viability rate, which suggested that administration of the test substance even at 1000 mg/kg bw had no effect on the development. Under the study conditions, the systemic and reproductive rat NOAELs (P0 generation) of the read across substance, were determined to be <250 and 1000 mg/kg bw/day, respectively and the rat NOAEL (F1 generation) was determined to be 1000 mg/kg bw/day (BRC, 2005). Based on the results of the read across study, similar NOAELs can be considered for the test substance, 'mono- and di- C18-unsatd. PSE and C18-unsatd. AE5 PSE'.

Reference 2

Endpoint:

screening for reproductive / developmental toxicity

Type of information:

read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)

Adequacy of study:

weight of evidence

Study period:

From May 30, 2008 to February 06, 2009

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study with acceptable restrictions

Remarks:

KL2 due to RA

Justification for type of information:

Refer to section 13 of IUCLID for details on the read-across justification. The study with the read across substance is considered sufficient to fulfil the information requirements as further explained in the provided endpoint summary.

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

read-across source

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 422 (Combined Repeated Dose Toxicity Study with the Reproduction / Developmental Toxicity Screening Test)

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

yes

Limit test:

no

Species:

rat

Strain:

other: Crl:CD(SD)

Sex:

male/female

Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:

Test animals
- Source: Charles River Laboratories, Inc., Portage, MI, USA
- Age at study initiation: 72 d (males), 66 d (females)
- Weight at study initiation: 306-344 (males), 208-239 (females)
- Housing: individual housing in stainless steel, wire-bottomed cages.
- Diet: Certified Rodent Diet 5002 (PMI Nutrition International, St.Louis, MO, USA), ad libitum
- Water: filtered local water (chlorine addition), ad libitum
- Acclimation period: 7 d

Environmental conditions
- Temperature (°C): 19-25°C
- Humidity (%): 30-70%
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12/12

Route of administration:

oral: gavage

Vehicle:

water

Details on exposure:

Preparation of dosing solutions:
Formulations were prepared at least once daily. Formulations were used within four hours of preparation and were stirred for at least 30 ot 60 minutes before dosage administration.

Details on mating procedure:

- M/F ratio per cage: 1/1
- Length of cohabitation: maximum of 14 d
- Proof of pregnancy: sperm in vaginal smear and/or copulatory plug referred to as Day 0 of pregnancy
- Further matings after two unsuccessful attempts: no
- After successful mating each pregnant female was caged (how): individually

Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:

no

Details on analytical verification of doses or concentrations:

A weight/weight verification method was employed to verify the test-substance content of the prepared formulations. No analytical method was developped for this test substance.

Duration of treatment / exposure:

Males: 14 d before cohabitation period through the day before sacrifice (45 dosages)
Females: 14 d before cohabitation period through the day before scheduled sacrifice (Day 4 of lactation for dams that delivered a litter, Day 24 of gestation for rats that did not deliver a litter, study Day 52 for the rat with no confirmed day of mating). Surviving female rats were given a total of 38 to 52 dosages.

Frequency of treatment:

Once daily

Remarks:

Doses / Concentrations:
25, 50, 200, 800 mg/kg bw
Basis:
actual ingested

No. of animals per sex per dose:

10

Control animals:

yes, concurrent vehicle

Details on study design:

- Dose selection rationale: In a range-finding study rats were dosed with 100, 300, and 1000 mg/kg bw. At Day 6 the high dose of 1000 mg/kg bw was lowered to 750 mg/kg bw, due to excessive toxicity. Reductions of the body weight were observed within Days 4-5. In the gestation period body weights were only slightly reduced in the 300 and 750/1000 mg/kg bw dose groups. No effects were observed after Caesarean section on Day 21 of gestation up to the highest dose of 750/1000 mg/kg bw. Thus, doses of 25, 50, 200, and 800 mg/kg bw were chosen for the main study. The low dose was expected to be a NOAEL for maternal and embryo-fetal toxicity, and the 800 mg/kg bw dose was expected to produce minimal maternal toxicity and little or no developmental toxicity.

Parental animals: Observations and examinations:

Cage side observations: Yes
- Time schedule: twice daily
- Cage side observations: clinical signs, abortions, premature deliveries, deaths

Detailed clinical observations: Yes
- Time schedule: before the first dosage and weekly thereafter

Bidy weight: Yes
- Time schedule for examinations: daily

Food consumption:
- Males: weekly, except for the cohabitation period; females: weekly until the cohabitation period, and on Days 0, 7, 10, 12, 15, 18, 20, 24, and 25 of gestation, and on Day 1 and 4 of lactation. For the rat with no confirmed mating on study Days 28, 35, 38, 40, 43, 46, 48, and 52.

Oestrous cyclicity (parental animals):

Estrous cycling was evaluated by examination of vaginal cytology for 13 d beginning with the day after the first administration and then until spermatozoa were observed in a smear of the vaginal contents and/or a copulatory plug was observed in situ during the cohabitation period.

Sperm parameters (parental animals):

Parameters examined in the male parental generation: testis weight, epididymis weight

Litter observations:

Parameters examined
The following parameters were examined in [F1] offspring:
number and sex of pups, stillbirths, live births, postnatal mortality, presence of gross anomalies, weight gain, physical or behavioural abnormalities

Gross examination of dead pups:
yes, for external and internal abnormalities; possible cause of death was determined for pups born or found dead

Postmortem examinations (parental animals):

Gross pathology: Yes, whole body

Histopathology: Yes, small intestine, large intestine, brain, urinary bladder, heart, testes, liver, lung, trachea, lymphnodes, mesentery lymphnodes, spleen, epididymides, adrenal gland, peripheral nerve, kidney, ovary, prostate, vesicula seminalis, thyroid gland, oesophagus, thymus, uterus, bone marrow, mammary gland, spinal cord, sternum, stomach, vagina

Postmortem examinations (offspring):

Sacrifice
- The F1 offspring were sacrificed at Day of lactation 4 or 5
- These animals were subjected to postmortem examinations (macroscopic and/or microscopic examination) as follows:
examinaton for gross lesions and an internal confirmation of sex.

Gross necropsy
- Gross necropsy included a single cross-section of the head at the level of the frontal-parietal suture and examination of the cross-sectioned brain for apparent hydrocephaly. Pups that died before examination of the litter for pup viability were evaluated for vital status at birth. The lungs were removed and immersed in water. Pups with lungs that sank were identified as stillborn; pups with lungs that floated were identified as liveborn, and to have dies shortly after birth.

Reproductive indices:

- Fertility index = (number of pregnant animals / number of copulated pairs) x 100
- Gestation index = (number of pregnant females with pups alive / number of pregnant females) x 100

Offspring viability indices:

- Viability index = (number of pups alive on Day 4 / number of pups alive on Day 0) x 100

Clinical signs:

effects observed, treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

800 mg/kg bw/day: excess salivation in both sexes

Body weight and weight changes:

effects observed, treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

800 mg/kg bw/day: reduced mean bw gain and reduced food consumption (males: week 1-2; females: during gestation)

Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):

effects observed, treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

800 mg/kg bw/day: reduced mean bw gain and reduced food consumption (males: week 1-2; females: during gestation)

Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:

no effects observed

Histopathological findings: non-neoplastic:

effects observed, treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

800 mg/kg bw: findings in the non-glandular stomach related to test substance (8/8 males; 4/4 females)

Other effects:

no effects observed

Reproductive function: oestrous cycle:

no effects observed

Reproductive function: sperm measures:

not examined

Reproductive performance:

no effects observed

Clinical signs and mortality (parental animals)
There were no substance-related deaths. One female rat of the 800 mg/kg bw dose group was sacrificed due to adverse clinical observations and two more female rat was found dead due to an intubation error.
In the 800 mg/kg bw group excess salivation, chromorhinorrhea, urine-stained abdominal fur, red and/or dried perioral substance and red or clear perinasal substance occurred in significantly increased numbers of male rats. All other clinical signs were considered unrelated to treatment.
Significantly increased numbers of females in the 800 mg/kg group had excess salivation.

Body weight and food consumption (parental animals)
800 mg/kg bw:
Males: reduction of body weight gain (Day 1 to 14) and body weight (Day 8). Body weight mean on Day 45 was 94% of the control value.
Females: Precohabitation: no effects; gestation: reduced in the 800 mg/kg bw group; lactation: no effects

Reproductive function: oestrous cycle (parental animals)
No effects observed.

Reproductive performance (parental animals)
Pregnancy occurred in 90%, 100%, 90%, 90%, and 80% female rats in the control, 25, 50, 200, and 800 mg/kg bw dose groups, respectively. Two pregnant females in the 800 mg/kg bw group were found dead or sacrificed before delivery. All other pregnant rats delivered a litter.
Values for the numbers of dams delivering litters and the gestation index, the numbers of dams with stillborn pups and of dams with all pups dying, viability and lactation indices, and the sex ratio were comparable within all groups.

Organ weights (parental animals)
No treatment-related effects were observed.

Gross pathology (parental animals)
800 mg/kg bw:
Males: thickened walls of the cardiac region of the stomach and white areas on the mucosal surface (3/10), ulceration on the mucosal surface of the cardiac region of the stomach (1/10)
Females: lesions of the cardiac region of the stomach (2/10)

Histopathology (parental animals)
800 mg/kg bw: findings in the non-glandular stomach related to test substance (8/8 males; 4/4 females)
200 mg/kg bw: findings in the non-glandular stomach possibly related to test substance, irritating effects (1/5 males)
25, 50 mg/kg bw: no adverse effects observed

Other findings (parental animals)
No clear and consistent treatment related differences in results for the qualitative and quantitative microscopic assessment of bone marrow smears were observed.

Key result

Dose descriptor:

NOAEL

Remarks:

systemic

Effect level:

ca. 800 mg/kg bw/day (actual dose received)

Based on:

test mat.

Sex:

male/female

Basis for effect level:

other: no treatment related systemic effects

Key result

Dose descriptor:

NOAEL

Remarks:

fertility

Effect level:

ca. 800 mg/kg bw/day (actual dose received)

Based on:

test mat.

Sex:

male/female

Basis for effect level:

reproductive performance

Critical effects observed:

yes

Lowest effective dose / conc.:

800 mg/kg bw/day (actual dose received)

System:

gastrointestinal tract

Organ:

stomach

Treatment related:

no

Dose response relationship:

yes

Relevant for humans:

no

Clinical signs:

no effects observed

Mortality / viability:

no mortality observed

Body weight and weight changes:

not examined

Sexual maturation:

not examined

Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:

not examined

Gross pathological findings:

no effects observed

Histopathological findings:

not examined

Viability (offspring)
Natural delivery and litter observations were unaffected by dosages.

Clinical signs (offspring)
800 mg/kg bw: Cold to touch, not nesting, moderate dehydration and pale were observed. They were not attributed to the dosage (no dose-response, only one litter, and/or only observed in the control group).

Gross pathology (offspring)
No effects observed.

Other findings (offspring)
800 mg/kg bw: Values for the duration of gestation and pup weights per litter were increased (not statistically significant). Implantation sites per litter, corpora lutea, litter sizes, surviving pups per litter and live litter size at weighing were reduced (not statistically significant). These changes were not considered to be biologically relevant.

Key result

Dose descriptor:

NOAEL

Generation:

F1

Effect level:

ca. 800 mg/kg bw/day (actual dose received)

Based on:

test mat.

Sex:

male/female

Basis for effect level:

clinical signs

mortality

gross pathology

Critical effects observed:

no

Reproductive effects observed:

not specified

Table 1: Reproductive/developmental toxicity screening test: parental examinations

	Control group	25 mg/kg bw/day	50 mg/kg bw/day	200 mg/kg bw/day	800 mg/kg bw/day
Body weight (body weight gain) [g]
Males Day 1 (Day 1-8)	336 ± 9 (40 ± 8)	339 ± 9 (35 ± 6)	343 ± 10 (36 ± 9)	340 ± 10 (31 ± 11)	341 ± 10 (16 ± 17**)
Males Day 8 (Day 8-14)	376 ± 13 (31 ± 11)	374 ± 10 (27 ± 6)	379 ± 12 (27 ± 12)	371 ± 17 (27 ± 8)	357 ± 24* (25 ± 11)
Males Day 14	407 ± 21	401 ± 13	406 ± 21	397 ± 22	382 ± 27
Males Day 22 (Day 22-29)	434 ± 28 (23 ± 12)	431 ± 15 (24 ± 5)	430 ± 27 (21 ± 8)	426 ± 29 (21 ± 7)	406 ± 20 (22 ± 7)
Males Day 45 (Day 1-45)	505 ± 54 (169 ± 50)	497 ± 19 (158 ± 16)	491 ± 38 (148 ± 37)	492 ± 41 (152 ± 33)	475 ± 25 (134 ± 21)
Females Day 0 of gestation (Day 0-7)	259 ± 15 (37± 7)	261 ± 10 (37 ± 11)	259 ± 15 (35 ± 5)	261 ± 15 (32 ± 6)	257 ± 22 (17 ± 26**)
Females Day 15 of gestation	339 ± 19	341 ± 21	335 ± 18	329 ± 14	317 ± 30
Females Day 18 of gestation	382 ± 19	379 ± 27	372 ± 18	363 ± 16	336 ± 48**
Females Day 20 of gestation (Day 0-20)	412 ± 23 (153 ± 11)	413 ± 31 (151 ± 23)	397 ± 19 (138 ± 10)	393 ± 17 (132 ± 7)	380 ± 45 (129 ± 25*)

* significantly different from control P<0.05

** significantly different from control P<0.01

Table 2: Reproductive/developmental toxicity screening test: Reproductive parameters.

	Control group	25 mg/kg bw/day	50 mg/kg bw/day	200 mg/kg bw/day	800 mg/kg bw/day
Mean duration of gestation and overall litter performance values
Fertility index (%)	100	100	90	100	88.9
Number of females delivered a litter	9	10	9	9	6
Gestation index (%)	100	100	100	100	100
Mean number of implant sitesper pregnancy	16± 3	16± 2	15± 2	16± 1	14± 5
Corpora lutea	20± 4	21± 4	21± 5	22± 3	17± 3
Group mean F1 survival indices
Viability Index (%)	98.6	99.3	99.2	100.0	98.6
Lactation index (%)	100	100	100	100	100

 

Conclusions:

Based on the results of the read across study, the systemic, local and reproductive rat NOAELs (P0 generation) of the test substance, are considered to be 800, 200 and 800 mg/kg bw/day, respectively and the rat NOAEL (F1 generation) is considered to be 800 mg/kg bw/day.

Executive summary:

A study was conducted to determine the repeated dose and reproduction / developmental toxicity potential of the test substance, 'C8-10 AE4 PSE', according to OECD Guideline 422, in compliance with GLP. In the main test, the test substance was administered at 0 (control group), 25, 50, 200, 800 mg/kg bw/day to male Crl:CD(SD) rats (per dose 10 animals) 14 d before cohabitation period through the day before sacrifice (45 dosages) and female rats (10 animals per dose) 14 d before cohabitation period through the day before scheduled sacrifice (Day of lactation (DL) 4 for dams that delivered a litter, Day of gestation (DG) 24 for rats that did not deliver a litter, study Day (DS) 52 for the rat with no confirmed day of mating). Surviving female rats were given a total of 38 to 52 dosages. There were no substance-related deaths observed in parental animals. In the 800 mg/kg bw/day group, excess salivation, chromorhinorrhea, urine-stained abdominal fur, red and/or dried perioral substance and red or clear perinasal substance occurred in significantly increased numbers of male rats (Parental animals). Significantly increased numbers of females in the 800 mg/kg group had excess salivation (Parental animals). All other clinical signs were considered unrelated to treatment. No treatment related significant change in body weight, weight gain, and organ weight and food consumption were observed. No biologically important differences were observed (Parental animals). No treatment related effects were observed on oestrous cycle. Pregnancy occurred in 90%, 100%, 90%, 90%, and 80% female rats in the control, 25, 50, 200, and 800 mg/kg bw dose groups, respectively. Two pregnant females in the 800 mg/kg bw group were found dead or sacrificed before delivery. All other pregnant rats delivered a litter. Values for the numbers of dams delivering litters and the gestation index, the numbers of dams with stillborn pups and of dams with all pups dying, viability and lactation indices, and the sex ratio were comparable within all groups. No treatment-related effects were observed in organ weights of parental animals. In gross pathology, at 800 mg/kg bw/day dose, thickened walls of the cardiac region of the stomach and white areas on the mucosal surface (3/10), ulceration on the mucosal surface of the cardiac region of the stomach (1/10) were observed in males. In females, lesions of the cardiac region of the stomach (2/10) were observed (Parental animals). In histopathology, at 800 mg/kg bw/day dose, findings in the non-glandular stomach related to test substance (8/8 males; 4/4 females) were noted. Also, at 200 mg/kg bw/day dose, findings in the non-glandular stomach possibly related to test substance, irritating effects (1/5 males) were observed, whereas at 25, 50 mg/kg bw/day dose groups no adverse effects were noted during observation (Parental animals). No clear and consistent treatment related differences in results for the qualitative and quantitative microscopic assessment of bone marrow smears were observed (Parental animals). For offspring animals, natural delivery and litter observations were unaffected by dosages. Cold to touch, not nesting, moderate dehydration and pale were observed at 800 mg/kg bw for offspring animals. They were not attributed to the dosage (no dose-response, only one litter, and/or only observed in the control group). No effects were observed in gross pathology for all offspring animals. Values for the duration of gestation and pup weights per litter were increased (not statistically significant) at 800 mg/kg bw dose for offspring animals. Implantation sites per litter, corpora lutea, litter sizes, surviving pups per litter and live litter size at weighing were reduced (not statistically significant). These changes were not considered to be biologically relevant (Offspring). Changes in the forestomach in parental animals may be considered to be adverse, however, they are also considered to be a result of local irritation of the (irritant) test substance (which is brought directly in contact to the mucosa in a massive amount by gavage application) than a true effect of systemic toxicity. Furthermore, in the light of the absence of a forestomach in humans, observed effects on this tissue are of questionable relevance with reference to the extrapolation of the toxic properties of a test substance in humans. Under the study conditions, the systemic, local and reproductive rat NOAELs (P0 generation) of the test substance were determined to be 800, 200 and 800 mg/kg bw/day, respectively and the rat NOAEL (F1 generation) was determined to be 800 mg/kg bw/day (Lech, 2009). Based on the results of the read across study, similar systemic, local and reproductive NOAELs for P0 and F1 generation can be considered for the test substance, 'mono- and di- C18-unsatd PSE and C18-unsatd AE5 PSE'.

Effect on fertility: via oral route

Endpoint conclusion:

no adverse effect observed

Dose descriptor:

NOAEL

800 mg/kg bw/day

Study duration:

subchronic

Species:

rat

Effect on fertility: via inhalation route

Endpoint conclusion:

no study available

Effect on fertility: via dermal route

Endpoint conclusion:

no study available

Additional information

In absence of repeated dose oral toxicity study with the test substance, the endpoint can be assessed based on studies for substances representative of the main constituents, which can be categorised as phosphate esters (PSE) and ethoxylated phosphate ester (AE PSE). The results are presented below:

Constituent: PSE - read across study:

A study was conducted to determine the toxicity to reproduction of the read across substance, ‘mono- C12 PSE, Na+’ (purity: 100%), according to the OECD Guideline 422, in compliance with GLP. The test substance was administered at 0 (control group), 250, 500 or 1000 mg/kg bw to male Sprague-Dawley SPF rats for 14 d before mating, through the mating period, and up to 1 d before necropsy (42 d in total) and to female Sprague-Dawley SPF rats for 14 d before mating, through the mating period and the gestation period, up to Day 4 of lactation (42 to 45 d in total) to investigate the repeated-dose, reproductive and developmental toxicities. In the 0 and 1000 mg/kg bw groups, a 14 d recovery period was allowed after the 42 d administration period to investigate the reversibility of the toxic changes. No test substance-related effects were observed regarding clinical signs, detailed clinical findings, function tests, grip strength, amount of spontaneous movement, body weights, food consumption, urinalysis (including water intake), and haematology or blood chemistry parameters. Gross pathological examination at the end of the administration period revealed recessed areas in the forestomach at 250 mg/kg bw and above and rough mucosa or white foci at 500 mg/kg bw and above, and erosion/ulceration, mucosal thickening and submucosal edema at 250 mg/kg bw and above on histopathological examination. In the light of the absence of a forestomach in humans, observed effects on this tissue were of questionable relevance with reference to the extrapolation of the toxic properties of a test substance in humans. Further, administration of the test substance did not have any effect on the oestrous cycle, days to copulation, copulation rate, fertility rate, or conception rate. Similarly, administration of the test substance did not have any effect on the delivery rate, gestation period, number of corpora lutea, number of implantation sites, implantation rate, stillbirth rate, number of live-born pups, live-birth rate in the mother animals, or on the sex ratio of the littermates. No abnormalities were observed in the lactating behaviour during the lactation period either. These results suggest that administration of the test substance even at 1000 mg/kg bw had no effect on the reproductive function, such as that shown by the copulation rate, of the males or females, or in the fertility rate, conception rate, or on the gestation maintenance, delivery, or lactating behaviour in the mother animals. Pups showed no changes caused by the administration of the test substance regarding the observation at birth, necropsy findings on Day 4 of lactation, body weight, or viability rate, which suggested that administration of the test substance even at 1000 mg/kg bw had no effect on the development. Under the study conditions, the systemic and reproductive rat NOAELs (P0 generation) of the read across substance, were determined to be <250 and 1000 mg/kg bw/day, respectively and the rat NOAEL (F1 generation) was determined to be 1000 mg/kg bw/day (BRC, 2005).

Constituent AE PSE - read across study:

A study was conducted to determine the repeated dose and reproduction / developmental toxicity potential of the test substance, ‘C8-10 AE4 PSE’, according to OECD Guideline 422, in compliance with GLP. In the main test, the test substance was administered at 0 (control group), 25, 50, 200, 800 mg/kg bw/day to male Crl:CD(SD) rats (per dose 10 animals) 14 d before cohabitation period through the day before sacrifice (45 dosages) and female rats (10 animals per dose) 14 d before cohabitation period through the day before scheduled sacrifice (Day of lactation (DL) 4 for dams that delivered a litter, Day of gestation (DG) 24 for rats that did not deliver a litter, study Day (DS) 52 for the rat with no confirmed day of mating). Surviving female rats were given a total of 38 to 52 dosages. There were no substance-related deaths observed in parental animals. In the 800 mg/kg bw/day group, excess salivation, chromorhinorrhea, urine-stained abdominal fur, red and/or dried perioral substance and red or clear perinasal substance occurred in significantly increased numbers of male rats (Parental animals). Significantly increased numbers of females in the 800 mg/kg group had excess salivation (Parental animals). All other clinical signs were considered unrelated to treatment. No treatment related significant change in body weight, weight gain, and organ weight and food consumption were observed. No biologically important differences were observed (Parental animals). No treatment related effects were observed on oestrous cycle. Pregnancy occurred in 90%, 100%, 90%, 90%, and 80% female rats in the control, 25, 50, 200, and 800 mg/kg bw dose groups, respectively. Two pregnant females in the 800 mg/kg bw group were found dead or sacrificed before delivery. All other pregnant rats delivered a litter. Values for the numbers of dams delivering litters and the gestation index, the numbers of dams with stillborn pups and of dams with all pups dying, viability and lactation indices, and the sex ratio were comparable within all groups. No treatment-related effects were observed in organ weights of parental animals. In gross pathology, at 800 mg/kg bw/day dose, thickened walls of the cardiac region of the stomach and white areas on the mucosal surface (3/10), ulceration on the mucosal surface of the cardiac region of the stomach (1/10) were observed in males. In females, lesions of the cardiac region of the stomach (2/10) were observed (Parental animals). In histopathology, at 800 mg/kg bw/day dose, findings in the non-glandular stomach related to test substance (8/8 males; 4/4 females) were noted. Also, at 200 mg/kg bw/day dose, findings in the non-glandular stomach possibly related to test substance, irritating effects (1/5 males) were observed, whereas at 25, 50 mg/kg bw/day dose groups no adverse effects were noted during observation (Parental animals). No clear and consistent treatment related differences in results for the qualitative and quantitative microscopic assessment of bone marrow smears were observed (Parental animals). For offspring animals, natural delivery and litter observations were unaffected by dosages. Cold to touch, not nesting, moderate dehydration and pale were observed at 800 mg/kg bw for offspring animals. They were not attributed to the dosage (no dose-response, only one litter, and/or only observed in the control group). No effects were observed in gross pathology for all offspring animals. Values for the duration of gestation and pup weights per litter were increased (not statistically significant) at 800 mg/kg bw dose for offspring animals. Implantation sites per litter, corpora lutea, litter sizes, surviving pups per litter and live litter size at weighing were reduced (not statistically significant). These changes were not considered to be biologically relevant (Offspring). Changes in the forestomach in parental animals may be considered to be adverse, however, they are also considered to be a result of local irritation of the (irritant) test substance (which is brought directly in contact to the mucosa in a massive amount by gavage application) than a true effect of systemic toxicity. Furthermore, in the light of the absence of a forestomach in humans, observed effects on this tissue are of questionable relevance with reference to the extrapolation of the toxic properties of a test substance in humans. Under the study conditions, the systemic, local and reproductive rat NOAELs (P0 generation) of the test substance were determined to be 800, 200 and 800 mg/kg bw/day, respectively and the rat NOAEL (F1 generation) was determined to be 800 mg/kg bw/day (Lech, 2009).

Further, as per a HERA 2009 review report, the investigated alcohol ethoxylates (AE) did not cause reproductive toxicity when applied orally or dermally and the NOAEL for reproductive toxicity is greater than 250 mg/kg bw/d for selected AEs. This conclusion is supported by the fact that none of the AEs investigated in seven sub-chronic toxicity studies caused any adverse effects on the reproductive system (HERA, 2009).

Overall, based on the available weight of evidence from studies on substances representative of the main constituents, the test substance, ‘mono- and di- C18 -unsatd. and C18-unsatd. AE5 PSE’ is not considered to pose reproductive or development concern. The NOAEL can be considered to achieved at the highest dose ranging from 800-1000 mg/kg bw/day.

Effects on developmental toxicity

Description of key information

See above discussion.

Effect on developmental toxicity: via oral route

Endpoint conclusion:

no study available (further information necessary)

Effect on developmental toxicity: via inhalation route

Endpoint conclusion:

no study available

Effect on developmental toxicity: via dermal route

Endpoint conclusion:

no study available

Additional information

See above discussion.

Justification for classification or non-classification

Based on the available weight of evidence from studies on substances representative of the main constituents, the test substance, 'mono- and di- C18-unsatd PSE and C18-unsatd. AE10 PSE' does not warrant classification for reproductive toxicity, according to the EU CLP criteria (Regulation 1272/2008/EC).​​​​​