Extract obtained from defatted powder of Theobroma cacao (Malvaceae) by extraction with water and ethanol

Biodegradation in water: screening tests

Administrative data

Endpoint:

biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

Oct 2012- Dec 2012

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Test performed according to GLP standards.

Cross-reference

Cross-reference 1

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

reference to same study

Cross-reference 2

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

reference to other study

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

study report

Title:

Unnamed

Year:

2013

Report date:

2013

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 301 B (Ready Biodegradability: CO2 Evolution Test)

GLP compliance:

yes

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

Cocoa Ext.,

IUPAC Name:

Cocoa Ext.,

Constituent 2

Reference substance name:

Cocoa, ext.

EC Number:

283-480-6

EC Name:

Cocoa, ext.

Cas Number:

84649-99-0

IUPAC Name:

Not applicable/UVCB

Test material form:

solid: particulate/powder

Remarks:

migrated information: powder

Details on test material:

- Name of test material (as cited in study report): Low Fat Cocoa Powder
- Molecular formula (if other than submission substance): N/A
- Molecular weight (if other than submission substance): N/A
- Smiles notation (if other than submission substance): N/A
- InChl (if other than submission substance): N/A
- Structural formula attached as image file (if other than submission substance): see Fig. N/A
- Substance type: UVCB
- Physical state: Brown solid
- Analytical purity: 100% (total cocoa powder)
- Impurities (identity and concentrations): N/A
- Composition of test material, percentage of components: Not supplied
- Isomers composition: N/A
- Purity test date: Not supplied
- Lot/batch No.: ALF092012
- Expiration date of the lot/batch: 4th March, 2013
- Stability under test conditions:
- Storage condition of test material: Room temperature (15-30°C ), desiccated, protected from light.

Study design

Oxygen conditions:

aerobic

Inoculum or test system:

activated sludge, non-adapted

Details on inoculum:

- Source of inoculum/activated sludge (e.g. location, sampling depth, contamination history, procedure):
- Laboratory culture:
- Method of cultivation:
- Storage conditions:
- Storage length:
- Preparation of inoculum for exposure:
- Pretreatment:
- Concentration of sludge:
- Initial cell/biomass concentration: 30mg/L in each test vessel
- Water filtered: yes
- Type and size of filter used, if any:Glass fibre (whatman GF/C)

Duration of test (contact time):

ca. 0 - 14 d

Reference substance

Reference substance:

benzoic acid, sodium salt

Results and discussion

% Degradation

Parameter:

% degradation (CO2 evolution)

Value:

ca. 114

Sampling time:

14 d

Details on results:

% Degradation of test substance was 114% after 14d (carbon dioxide evolution)
81% degradation was observed after 6d.
% Degradation of the reference substance was 75% after 14d (carbon dioxide evolution)

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Interpretation of results:

readily biodegradable

Conclusions:

Readily biodegradable

Executive summary:

The ready biodegradability of low fat cocoa powder was assessed by measurement of carbon dioxide evolution under standard conditions. The procedure followed was that of OECD guideline 301B, Ready biodegradability (Adapted 1981, revised, 1992) At regular intervals incubation traps were detached and their contents titrated with hydrochloric acid to determine carbon dioxide evolved from the respective test vessels. Mean CO2 evolution from Low Fat Cocoa Powder was 81% of the theoretical CO2 yield at 6 days. The level of biodegradation therefore satisfied the requirements for ready biodegradability and Low Fat Cocoa Powder can, therefore, be classified as readily biodegradable.