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EC number: - | CAS number: 1474044-66-0
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 29 April - 02 May, 2013
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 201 (Alga, Growth Inhibition Test)
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): Bio-Terge PAS 7S-DRY
- Analytical purity: 100 % (UVCB)
- Lot/batch No.: PG12122011 (dried from industrial lot 7476775)
- Expiration date of the lot/batch: 12 December 2013
- Storage condition of test material: Controlled Room Temperature (15-25°C, below 70 RH%) - Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- Test concentrations were analytically determined at the start and at the end of the test.
- Details on test solutions:
- An amount of 100 mg test item was dissolved in one litre vehicle (OECD medium) by mechanical dispersion in order to give the 100 mg/L test concentration. The test solutions were prepared by the appropriate diluting of this stock solution and distributed into test vessels prior to introduction of algae.
- Test organisms (species):
- Raphidocelis subcapitata (previous names: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, Selenastrum capricornutum)
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata
- Strain: 61.81 SAG (identical strains: CCAP 278/4; UTEX 1648; ATCC 22662)
- Source (laboratory, culture collection): SAG: Collection of Algal Cultures, Inst. Plant Physiology, University of Göttingen, GERMANY. Cultured under standardised conditions (see OECD 201) in the Ecotoxicological Laboratory of CiToxLAB Hungary Ltd.
ACCLIMATION
The pre-culture was intended to give an amount of alga suspension suitable for the inoculation of test cultures. The pre-culture was incubated under the conditions of the study in an aerated Algal Growth Medium and used when still exponentially growing (after an incubation period of 3 days). The cell count of above culture was determined by microscopic method and this cell suspension was diluted with Algal Growth Medium to 1.E07 cells/mL - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 72 h
- Post exposure observation period:
- not applicable
- Hardness:
- no data
- Test temperature:
- The temperature was in the range of 22.3 – 22.6 °C measured in the flask and between 22.0 and 22.9 °C measured within the climate chamber.
- pH:
- The range of the pH was 7.41 – 9.25 during the experiment.
- Dissolved oxygen:
- no data
- Salinity:
- not applicable
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- nominal concentrations of test item used in the main experiment were: 6.25; 12.5; 25; 50 and 100 mg/L.
measured geometric mean test item concentrations were: 5.9; 11.8; 24.7; 48.8 and 93.8 mg/L - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: 250 mL Erlenmeyer flask
- Type (delete if not applicable): air-permeable stopper
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: 100 mL algal suspension
- Initial cells density: 1.E04 algal cells/mL test medium
- Control end cells density: 1.E04 algal cells/mL test medium
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 3
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 6
GROWTH MEDIUM
- Standard medium used: yes
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: Reconstituted algal growth medium (OECD medium, according to OECD 201) was used as dilution water for both the range finding and definitive tests.
- Culture medium different from test medium: No
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Sterile test conditions: no data
- Adjustment of pH: No
- Photoperiod: Continuous light
- Light intensity and quality: The light intensity at the position occupied by algal culture flasks during the test was about 8116 lux (equivalent to 110 E/m2/s), which was ensured with fluorescent lamps (with a spectral range of 400-700 nm). The differences in light intensity between the test vessels did not exceed 15 % and therefore provided equal conditions for each test vessel.
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) :growth rate, yield, biomass (24, 48 & 72 h)
- Determination of cell concentrations: [counting chamber]
- Chlorophyll measurement: No
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: 2x
- Range finding study
- Test concentrations: 0, 0.1, 1.0, 10, 100 mg/L
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study:
Results of the Preliminary Range-Finding Test
Nominal concentrations
{mg/L] Untreated
control 0.1 1.0 10.0 100.0
Average of cell number
at 72 hours (x 104cell/mL) 63.33 66.50 47.00 43.50 45.00 - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- Potassium dichromate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 6.25 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 25 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Details on results:
- - Exponential growth in the control (for algal test): yes
- Observation of abnormalities (for algal test): no
- Any stimulation of growth found in any treatment: no
- Any observations (e.g. precipitation) that might cause a difference between measured and nominal values: no
- Effect concentrations exceeding solubility of substance in test medium: no - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- - Results with reference substance valid? yes
The date of the last study (Study Code: 13/019-022AL) with the reference item Potassium dichromate is (Batch Number: 0769128): 05 - 08 February 2013.
The 72h ErC 50 : 0.87 mg/L, (95 % confidence limits: 0.79 – 0.96 mg/L)
The 72h EbC 50 : 0.48 mg/L, (95 % confidence limits: 0.44 – 0.53 mg/L)
The 72h EyC 50 : 0.45 mg/L, (95 % confidence limits: 0.41 – 0.50 mg/L) - Reported statistics and error estimates:
- The section-by-section specific growth rates in the control cultures were assessed (calculated as the specific growth rates for each day during the course of the test (days 0-1, 1-2 and 2-3) and to demonstrate exponential growth for the entire study period.
The inhibition of alga growth was determined from the biomass (area under the growth curves, A), the average specific growth rate (r) and from the yield (y). Mean values and standard deviations were calculated for each concentration at the start, and at the end of the test using Excel for Windows software (Microsoft Co./One Microsoft Way/Redmond, WA 98052-6399).
Statistical comparisons of biomass, average specific growth rates and yield in control and in treated groups were carried out using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Bonferroni t-Test ( = 0.05) by TOXSTAT software.
For the determination of the LOEC and NOEC, the calculated mean biomass, growth rates and yield at the test concentrations were tested on significant differences to the control values by Bonferroni t-Test. - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Executive summary:
The toxicity of the test item to aquatic algae was assessed in a study performed according to OECD TG 201 over a period of 72 hours in a static test system using Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata.
Test concentrations used during the main study were nominal concentrations of test item used in the main experiment were 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50 and 100 mg/L (measured geometric mean test item concentrations 5.9, 11.8, 24.7, 48.8 and 93.8 mg/L, respectively). As the measured concentrations deviated not more than 20 per cent from the nominal in all cases, biological results are based on the nominal test item concentration.
Three replicates were used per test concentration and six replicates for the controls.
All validity criteria were met therefore the study can be considered as valid.
The results of the statistical evaluation (based on Bonferroni t-Test; a=0.05) show that the 0-72 h average specific growth rate was statistically significantly different from the untreated control value at the concentration range of 12.5 – 100 mg/L (nominal), correspondingly the NOEC was determined as 6.25 mg/L (nominal). The 72 h ErC50 value was determined as higher than100 mg/L(nominal).
The results of the statistical evaluation (based on Bonferroni t-Test; a=0.05) show that the 0-72 h areas were statistically significantly different from the untreated control value at the examined concentration range of 50 – 100 mg/L (nominal), correspondingly NOEC was determined as 25 mg/L (nominal). The 72 h EbC50 value was determined as higher than 100 mg/L(nominal).
The results of the statistical evaluation (based on Bonferroni t-Test; a=0.05) show that the 0-72 h yield was statistically significantly different from the untreated control value at the tested concentration range of 12.5 –100 mg/L (nominal), correspondingly the NOEC was determined as 6.25 mg/L (nominal).The 72 h EyC50 value was determined as higher than 100 mg/L(nominal).
Reference
As the analytically measured concentration deviated not more than 20 per cent from the nominal in all cases, the biological results are based on the nominal concentrations.
Validity
The cell density in the control cultures increased by a factor of 68.00 within three days.
The mean coefficient of variation for section-by-section specific growth rates (days 0-1; 1-2; 2-3) in the control cultures was 14.21 %.
The coefficient of variation of average specific growth rates during the whole test period (day 0-3) in the control cultures was0.80 %.
All validity criteria were met, therefore the study can be considered as valid.
Average Specific Growth Rates
The results of the statistical evaluation (based on Bonferroni t-Test; a=0.05) show that the 0-72 h average specific growth rate was statistically significantly different from the untreated control value at the concentration range of 12.5 – 100 mg/L (nominal), correspondingly the No Observed Effect Concentration (NOEC)was determined as 6.25 mg/L (nominal). The 72 h ErC50value was determined as higher than 100 mg/L(nominal).
Growth Rates (m) and Percentage Inhibition ofmduring the Test Period
NominalConcentration [mg/L] |
Growth rate (m) and % inhibition ofm |
|||||
0–24 h |
0–48 h |
0–72 h |
||||
m |
% |
m |
% |
m |
% |
|
Control |
0.0655+ |
0.0 |
0.0599 |
0.0 |
0.0586 |
0.0 |
6.25 |
0.0671 |
-2.4 |
0.0597 |
0.3 |
0.0587 |
-0.1 |
12.5 |
0.0609 |
7.1 |
0.0606 |
-1.1 |
0.0561* |
4.3 |
25 |
0.0578* |
11.8 |
0.0606+ |
-1.1 |
0.0556* |
5.1 |
50 |
0.0640 |
2.4 |
0.0571+ |
4.8 |
0.0553*+ |
5.6 |
100 |
0.0578* |
11.8 |
0.0577 |
3.7 |
0.0554* |
5.5 |
*: statistically significantly different compared to the control values (Bonferroni t-Test;a= 0.05)
+ : at this value the rounding of the EXCEL and TOXSTAT software was different. The table contains the values calculated with EXCEL.
AREAS UNDER THE GROWTH CURVES
The results of the statistical evaluation (based on Bonferroni t-Test; a=0.05) show that the 0-72 h areas were statistically significantly different from the untreated control value at the examined concentration range of50 – 100 mg/L (nominal), correspondingly the No Observed Effect Concentration (NOEC) was determined as 25 mg/L (nominal).The 72 h EbC50value was determined as higher than100 mg/L(nominal).
Area under the Growth Curves (A) and Percentage Inhibition of A during the Test Period
NominalConcentration [mg/L] |
Area under the Growth Curves (A) and Percentage Inhibition of A |
|||||
0–24 h |
0–48 h |
0–72 h |
||||
A |
% |
A |
% |
A |
% |
|
Control |
46.0 |
0.0 |
294.0 |
0.0 |
1300.0 |
0.0 |
6.25 |
48.0 |
-4.3 |
296.0 |
-0.7 |
1304.0 |
-0.3 |
12.5 |
40.0 |
13.0 |
288.0 |
2.0 |
1164.0 |
10.5 |
25 |
36.0* |
21.7 |
280.0 |
4.8 |
1136.0 |
12.6 |
50 |
44.0 |
4.3 |
264.0 |
10.2 |
1076.0* |
17.2 |
100 |
36.0* |
21.7 |
252.0 |
14.3 |
1068.0* |
17.8 |
*: statistically significantly different compared to the control values (Bonferroni t-Test;a= 0.05)
YIELD
The results of the statistical
evaluation (based on Bonferroni t-Test; a=0.05)
show that the 0-72 h yield was statistically significantly different
from the untreated control value at the tested concentration range of
12.5 –100 mg/L (nominal),
correspondingly the
No
Observed Effect Concentration (NOEC) was determined as 6.25 mg/L
(nominal).The 72 h EyC50value
was determined as higher than100 mg/L(nominal).
Yield (Y) and Percentage Inhibition of Y during the Test Period
NominalConcentration [mg/L] |
Yield (Y) and % inhibition of Y |
|
0–72 h |
||
Y |
% |
|
Control |
67.0 |
0.0 |
6.25 |
67.3 |
-0.5 |
12.5 |
55.7* |
16.9 |
25 |
54.0* |
19.4 |
50 |
53.0* |
20.9 |
100 |
53.0* |
20.9 |
*: statistically significantly different compared to the control values (Bonferroni t-Test;a= 0.05)
Description of key information
Toxicity to aquatic algae: 72-h ErC50 > 100 mg/L, NOErC 6.25 mg/L (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata; OECD TG 201)
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- EC10 or NOEC for freshwater algae:
- 6.25 mg/L
Additional information
The toxicity of the test item to aquatic algae was assessed in a study performed according to OECD TG 201 over a period of 72 hours in a static test system using Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata.
Test concentrations used during the main study were nominal concentrations of test item used in the main experiment were 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50 and 100 mg/L (measured geometric mean test item concentrations 5.9, 11.8, 24.7, 48.8 and 93.8 mg/L, respectively). As the measured concentrations deviated not more than 20 per cent from the nominal in all cases, biological results are based on the nominal test item concentration.
Three replicates were used per test concentration and six replicates for the controls.
All validity criteria were met therefore the study can be considered as valid.
The results of the statistical evaluation (based on Bonferroni t-Test; a=0.05) show that the 0-72 h average specific growth rate was statistically significantly different from the untreated control value at the concentration range of 12.5 – 100 mg/L (nominal), correspondingly the NOEC was determined as 6.25 mg/L (nominal). The 72 h ErC50 value was determined as higher than100 mg/L(nominal).
The results of the statistical evaluation (based on Bonferroni t-Test; a=0.05) show that the 0-72 h areas were statistically significantly different from the untreated control value at the examined concentration range of 50 – 100 mg/L (nominal), correspondingly NOEC was determined as 25 mg/L (nominal). The 72 h EbC50 value was determined as higher than 100 mg/L(nominal).
The results of the statistical evaluation (based on Bonferroni t-Test; a=0.05) show that the 0-72 h yield was statistically significantly different from the untreated control value at the tested concentration range of 12.5 –100 mg/L (nominal), correspondingly the NOEC was determined as 6.25 mg/L (nominal).The 72 h EyC50 value was determined as higher than 100 mg/L(nominal).
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