9-Octadecenoic acid (Z)-, sulfonated, potassium salts

Biodegradation in water: screening tests

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Reference 1

Endpoint:

biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

From August 24, 2004 to September 23, 2004

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

comparable to guideline study

Qualifier:

equivalent or similar to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 301 D (Ready Biodegradability: Closed Bottle Test)

Version / remarks:

The study was conducted according to SOP E224 based on OECD Guideline 301D

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

yes

Oxygen conditions:

aerobic

Inoculum or test system:

sewage, predominantly domestic (adaptation not specified)

Details on inoculum:

- Source of inoculum/activated sludge: Cambridge STW, Cowley Road, Cambridge
- Pretreatment: Filtered (Whatman No.54)
- Concentration of inoculum: 0.5 mL/L
- Temperature at start of test: 21.0°C

Duration of test (contact time):

28 d

Initial conc.:

7 mg/L

Based on:

DOC

Reference substance:

acetic acid, sodium salt

Key result

Parameter:

% degradation (DOC removal)

Value:

60

Sampling time:

28 d

Key result

Parameter:

COD

Value:

903 mg O2/g test mat.

The calculated percent degradation values for the test substance and reference material are given below:

	Incubation period (Days)
	7		14		21			28
Replicate number	1	2	1	2	1	2	3	1	2	3
Test substance (%)	32	32	48	49	53	53	47	63	59	59
Average degradation (%)	32		49		51			60
Reference substance (%)	71	73	76	76	69	68	69	76	81	80
Average degradation (%)	72		76		69			79

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Interpretation of results:

readily biodegradable

Conclusions:

Under the test conditions, the test subtance was considered readily biodegradable according to OECD criteria.

Executive summary:

A study was conducted to determine the biodegradability of the test substance in an aerobic aqueous medium according to SOP E224 based on OECD Guideline 301D, in compliance with GLP. The initial concentration of test substance was 7.0 mg/L based on dissolved oxygen concentrations. The closed bottles were incubated in the dark at 20°C over a 28 day period. Measurements of dissolved oxygen concentrations were made on bottles removed after 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. A maximum of 60% degradation of the test substance was recorded on Day 28, although the 10 day window was not met. A maximum value of 79% degradation of the sodium acetate was achieved and the blank dissolved oxygen loss was 0.97 mg/L. Under the test conditions, the test substance can be considered readily biodegradable according to OECD criteria, since the 10 day window does not apply to UVCBs (Drake, 2004).

Reference 2

Endpoint:

biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

November 15, 2007 to December 18, 2007

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 301 B (Ready Biodegradability: CO2 Evolution Test)

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

yes

Oxygen conditions:

aerobic

Inoculum or test system:

activated sludge, domestic (adaptation not specified)

Details on inoculum:

- Source of inoculum/activated sludge: From the Wareham Wastewater Treatment Plant, Wareham, Massachusetts, which receives primarily domestic waste.
- Preparation of inoculum for exposure: A15 mg solids/mL inoculum solution was prepared (i.e., 77.3 g wet weight sludge brought to 200 mL with mineral media) and aerated until used.
- Pretreatment: The sludge was passed through a 2-mm sieve, combined, and centrifuged at 1,000 rpm for 10 minutes. The supernatant was discarded, the sludge was washed with mineral medium and the contents were centrifuged at least once again.
- Concentration of sludge: The moisture content of the activated sludge was determined using an automated moisture analyser (Sartorius MA-150), to be 96.12% and the percent solids determined to be 3.88%.
- Water filtered: Yes
- Other: The test substance flasks, the blank flasks, the procedural control flask and the toxicity control flask all received 6.0 mL of the inoculum to produce an activated sludge concentration of 30 mg/L. Each test vessel contained 2,991 mL of mineral medium, 6.0 mL of activated sludge and 3.0 mL of soil inoculum.

Duration of test (contact time):

34 d

Initial conc.:

3.569 mg/L

Based on:

other: stock solution

Initial conc.:

1.573 other: mg C/mL

Based on:

other: TOC (total organic carbon)

Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:

CO2 evolution

Details on study design:

TEST CONDITIONS
- Temperature: The temperature in the environmental chamber ranged from 19.5 to 20.3°C.
- pH: The pH of the test medium was measured to be 7.24 on Day 1 and ranged from 7.26 to 7.40 on Day 33.
- pH adjusted: No
- Continuous darkness: Yes
- Other: The source water is well water that was free of all contaminants which could affect study results. treatment in the NANOpure® II reagent system further purified the water prior to use. The 0.2-µm filtered water typically has greater than 16.7 Mohm-cm resistivity and total organic carbon below the 1 mg/L detection limit. The dissolved organic carbon content of the reagent grade water was determined to be <1.3 ppm prior to use.

TEST SYSTEM
- Culturing apparatus: Each test unit consisted of a 4 L glass bottel with a rubber stopper into which one stainless steel needle with a Luer-Lok connection and two pieces of glass tubing were inserted.
- Method used to create aerobic conditions: CO2-free air was pumped under positive pressure through a hydration flask before entering the test system.
- Details of trap for CO2 and volatile organics if used: The outlet of each system was connected to two CO2 effluent gas traps, the first consisting of 200 mL of 0.2-N potassium hydroxide (i.e., KOH) and the second trap containing 100 mL of 0.2-N KOH.
- Other: Eash test vessel was placed on a magnetic stir plate located in a dark environmental chamber set to maintain a temperature of 22±2°C.

ANALYSIS AND CALCULATIONS:
The percent biodegradability for each test system is expressed as cumulative percent biodegradation (or percent of theoretical CO2 production).

Reference substance:

benzoic acid, sodium salt

Key result

Parameter:

% degradation (CO2 evolution)

Value:

66.14

St. dev.:

5.36

Sampling time:

28 d

Key result

Parameter:

% degradation (CO2 evolution)

Value:

65.13

St. dev.:

6.72

Sampling time:

34 d

Details on results:

The mean cumulative CO2 from the test substance, procedural control, toxicity control and blank control test vessels was 54.61, 54.93, 77.82 and 30.73 mg/L, respectively, at 34-d. The cumulative net percent CO2 production (i.e., blank control values substrated), or percent ultimate biodegradation, for the test substance, procedural control and toxicity control was calculated to be 65.13, 65.98 and 64.20%, respectively. The cumulative net CO2 evolved from the sodium benzoate procedural control was 74.24% of theoretical by Day 10.

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Interpretation of results:

readily biodegradable

Conclusions:

Under the test conditions, the test substance is considered as readily biodegradable.

Executive summary:

A study was conducted to determine biodegradability of the test substance in an aerobic medium according to OECD Guideline 301B, in compliance with GLP. The stock solution was determined by total organic carbon (i.e., TOC) analysis to contain 1.573 mg C/mL. The test substance, blank, procedural control and toxicity control all received 6.0 mL of the inoculum to produce an activated sludge concentration of 30 mg/L. All the flasks were exposed to activated sludge in a dark closed environment for 34 days. The degradation of the test substance was assessed by the determination of CO2 evolution. The mean cumulative CO2 from the test substance, procedural control, toxicity control and blank control test vessels were 54.61, 54.93, 77.82 and 30.73 mg/L, respectively, at Day 34. The cumulative net percent CO2 production (blank control values subtracted), or percent ultimate biodegradation, for the test substance, procedural control and toxicity control were calculated to be 65.13, 65.98 and 64.20%, respectively, at Day 34. The percent ultimate biodegradation of the test substance was 66.14% after 28 days. The cumulative net CO2 evolved from the sodium benzoate procedural control was 74.24% of theoretical by Day 10. Under the test conditions, the test substance can be considered as readily biodegradable according to OECD criteria as the 10 day window does not apply to UVCBs (McLaughlin, 2014).

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Biodegradation in water:

readily biodegradable

Additional information

A study was conducted to determine biodegradability of the test substance in an aerobic medium according to OECD Guideline 301B, in compliance with GLP. The stock solution was determined by total organic carbon (i.e., TOC) analysis to contain 1.573 mg C/mL. The test substance, blank, procedural control and toxicity control all received 6.0 mL of the inoculum to produce an activated sludge concentration of 30 mg/L. All the flasks were exposed to activated sludge in a dark closed environment for 34 days. The degradation of the test substance was assessed by the determination of CO2 evolution. The mean cumulative CO2 from the test substance, procedural control, toxicity control and blank control test vessels were 54.61, 54.93, 77.82 and 30.73 mg/L, respectively, at Day 34. The cumulative net percent CO2 production (blank control values subtracted), or percent ultimate biodegradation, for the test substance, procedural control and toxicity control were calculated to be 65.13, 65.98 and 64.20%, respectively, at Day 34. The percent ultimate biodegradation of the test substance was 66.14% after 28 days. The cumulative net CO2 evolved from the sodium benzoate procedural control was 74.24% of theoretical by Day 10. Under the test conditions, the test substance can be considered as readily biodegradable according to OECD criteria as the 10 day window does not apply to UVCBs (McLaughlin, 2014).

A study was conducted to determine the biodegradability of the test substance in an aerobic aqueous medium according to SOP E224 based on OECD Guideline 301D, in compliance with GLP. The initial concentration of test substance was 7.0 mg/L based on dissolved oxygen concentrations. The closed bottles were incubated in the dark at 20°C over a 28 day period. Measurements of dissolved oxygen concentrations were made on bottles removed after 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. A maximum of 60% degradation of the test substance was recorded on Day 28, although the 10 day window was not met. A maximum value of 79% degradation of the sodium acetate was achieved and the blank dissolved oxygen loss was 0.97 mg/L. Under the test conditions, the test substance can be considered readily biodegradable according to OECD criteria, since the 10 day window does not apply to UVCBs (Drake, 2004).