2-ethyl-2-[[(1-oxononyl)oxy]methyl]propane-1,3-diyl dinonan-1-oate

Biodegradation in water: screening tests

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Reference 1

Endpoint:

biodegradation in water: screening tests

Type of information:

(Q)SAR

Adequacy of study:

supporting study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: The QSAR is well documented the test compound fits well within applicability domain and the QSAR is applied for a well defined endpoint

Justification for type of information:

QSAR prediction: migrated from IUCLID 5.6

Principles of method if other than guideline:

BioWin v4.10. Biowin runs 7 models: Biowin1  =  linear probability model (Howard et al. (1992)); Biowin2 =  nonlinear probability model (Howard et al. (1992)); Biowin3  =  expert survey ultimate biodegradation model (Boethling et al. (1994)); Biowin4  =  expert survey primary biodegradation model (Boethling et al. (1994)); Biowin5  =  MITI linear model (Tunkel et al. (2000));  Biowin6  =  MITI nonlinear model (Tunkel et al. (2000)) and Biowin7  =  anaerobic biodegradation model (Meylan et al. (2007)). Howard, P.H., Boethling, R.S., Stiteler, W.M., Meylan, W.M., Hueber, A.E., Beauman, J.A., Larosche, M.E. 1992. Predictive model for aerobic biodegradability developed from a file of evaluated biodegradation data. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 11:593-603. Boethling, R.S., Howard, P.H., Meylan, W., Stiteler, W., Beaumann, J., Tirado, N. 1994. Group contribution method for predicting probability and rate of aerobic biodegradation. Environ. Sci. Technol. 28:459-65. Tunkel, J., Howard, P.H., Boethling, R.S., Stiteler,W., Loonen, H. 2000. Predicting Ready Biodegradability in the Japanese Ministry of International Trade and Industry Test. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 19:2478-2485. Meylan, W., Boethling, R.S., Aronson, D., Howard, P., Tunkel, J. 2007. Chemical structure-based predictive model for methanogenic anaerobic biodegradation potential. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 26:1785-1792

Details on study design:

not applicable

All functional groups and fragments of TMP pelargonate are present in the training set, so TMP pelargonate falls within the applicability domain of the QSAR.

--------------------------- BIOWIN v4.10 Results ----------------------------

 

  Biowin1 (Linear Model Prediction): Biodegrades Fast

  Biowin2 (Non-Linear Model Prediction): Biodegrades Fast

  Biowin3 (Ultimate Biodegradation Timeframe): Weeks

  Biowin4 (Primary Biodegradation Timeframe): Hours-Days

  Biowin5 (MITI Linear Model Prediction): Readily Degradable

  Biowin6 (MITI Non-Linear Model Prediction): Readily Degradable

  Biowin7 (Anaerobic Model Prediction): Does Not Biodegrade Fast

  

Ready Biodegradability Prediction: YES

 

TYPE	NUM	Biowin1 FRAGMENT DESCRIPTION	COEFF	VALUE
Frag	3	Linear C4 terminal chain [CCC-CH3]	0.1084	0.3253
Frag	3	Ester  [-C(=O)-O-C]	0.1742	0.5225
Frag	1	Carbon with 4 single bonds & no hydrogens	-0.1839	-0.1839
MolWt	*	Molecular Weight Parameter		-0.2642
Const	*	Equation Constant		0.7475
RESULT		Biowin1 (Linear Biodeg Probability)		1.1473

 

TYPE	NUM	Biowin2 FRAGMENT DESCRIPTION	COEFF	VALUE
Frag	3	Linear C4 terminal chain [CCC-CH3]	1.8437	5.5311
Frag	3	Ester  [-C(=O)-O-C]	4.0795	12.2385
Frag	1	Carbon with 4 single bonds & no hydrogens	-1.7232	-1.7232
MolWt	*	Molecular Weight Parameter		-7.8790
RESULT		Biowin2 (Non-Linear Biodeg Probability)		1.0000

 

 A Probability Greater Than or Equal to 0.5 indicates --> Biodegrades Fast

 A Probability Less Than 0.5 indicates --> Does NOT Biodegrade Fast

 

TYPE	NUM	Biowin3 FRAGMENT DESCRIPTION	COEFF	VALUE
Frag	3	Linear C4 terminal chain [CCC-CH3]	0.2983	0.8950
Frag	3	Ester  [-C(=O)-O-C]	0.1402	0.4206
Frag	1	Carbon with 4 single bonds & no hydrogens	-0.2121	-0.2121
MolWt	*	Molecular Weight Parameter		-1.2262
Const	*	Equation Constant		3.1992
RESULT		Biowin3 (Survey Model - Ultimate Biodeg)		3.0765

 

TYPE	NUM	Biowin4 FRAGMENT DESCRIPTION	COEFF	VALUE
Frag	3	Linear C4 terminal chain [CCC-CH3]	0.2691	0.8072
Frag	3	Ester  [-C(=O)-O-C]	0.2290	0.6869
Frag	1	Carbon with 4 single bonds & no hydrogens	-0.1534	-0.1534
MolWt	*	Molecular Weight Parameter		-0.8005
Const	*	Equation Constant		3.8477
RESULT		Biowin4 (Survey Model - Primary Biodeg)		4.3879

 

Result Classification: 5.00 -> hours; 4.00 -> days; 3.00 -> weeks

(Primary & Ultimate) 2.00 -> months; 1.00 -> longer

 

TYPE	NUM	Biowin5 FRAGMENT DESCRIPTION	COEFF	VALUE
Frag	3	Ester  [-C(=O)-O-C]	0.3437	1.0312
Frag	1	Carbon with 4 single bonds & no hydrogens	0.0676	0.0676
Frag	4	Methyl [-CH3]	0.0004	0.0016
Frag	25	-CH2- [linear]	0.0494	1.2354
MolWt	*	Molecular Weight Parameter		-1.6507
Const	*	Equation Constant		0.7121
RESULT		Biowin5 (MITI Linear Biodeg Probability)		1.3973

 

 

TYPE	NUM	Biowin6 FRAGMENT DESCRIPTION	COEFF	VALUE
Frag	3	Ester  [-C(=O)-O-C]	2.4462	7.3385
Frag	1	Carbon with 4 single bonds & no hydrogens	0.3990	0.3990
Frag	4	Methyl [-CH3]	0.0194	0.0777
Frag	25	-CH2- [linear]	0.4295	10.7374
MolWt	*	Molecular Weight Parameter		-16.0181
RESULT		Biowin6 (MITI Non-Linear Biodeg Probability)		0.9937

 

A Probability Greater Than or Equal to 0.5 indicates --> Readily Degradable

A Probability Less Than 0.5 indicates --> NOT Readily Degradable

 

 

TYPE	NUM	Biowin7 FRAGMENT DESCRIPTION	COEFF	VALUE
Frag	3	Linear C4 terminal chain [CCC-CH3]	-0.3177	-0.9532
Frag	3	Ester  [-C(=O)-O-C]	0.1719	0.5156
Frag	1	Carbon with 4 single bonds & no hydrogens	-0.3342	-0.3342
Frag	4	Methyl [-CH3]	-0.0796	-0.3183
Frag	25	-CH2- [linear]	0.0260	0.6497
Const	*	Equation Constant		0.8361
RESULT		Biowin7 (Anaerobic Linear Biodeg Prob)		0.3957

 

 A Probability Greater Than or Equal to 0.5 indicates --> Biodegrades Fast

 A Probability Less Than 0.5 indicates --> Does NOT Biodegrade Fast

Interpretation of results:

readily biodegradable

Conclusions:

Based on the outcome of the QSAR models, it can be concluded that the substance can be regarded as readily biodegradable.

Reference 2

Endpoint:

biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Well documented study according to OECD guidelines.

Qualifier:

equivalent or similar to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 301 B (Ready Biodegradability: CO2 Evolution Test)

Deviations:

yes

Remarks:

no toxicity test performed with inoculumn

GLP compliance:

no

Remarks:

The test was performed in accordance with the ISO/IEC 17025

Oxygen conditions:

aerobic

Inoculum or test system:

activated sludge, domestic, adapted

Details on inoculum:

The active sludge used as inoculum, was collected directly from oxidation tank of waste water treatment plant of Novara (Acqua Novara VCO Spa). The sludge was collected the day of start test, the ph was 7,65 and the concentration of total solids was 6 g/l. In laboratory was diluted with deionised water to a final concentration of 0,92g/l. The sludge was kept in aeration for about 5 hours before being inoculated it in the different reactors (100 ml of incoculum per 3000ml of total aqueous medium).

Duration of test (contact time):

28 d

Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:

CO2 evolution

Details on study design:

Apparatus
The apparatus used is the same described in OECD 301 B. The total volume of aqueous medium + inoculum was 3000ml in each reactor. The test is carried out at room temperature, the CO2 evolved is captured in Ba(OH)2 traps and measured by retro-titration of the residual barium hydroxide.


Test Set Up
A total of 6 reactors were used: 2 blanks, without test sample for the determination of the background respiration, 2 test samples with TMP-PA and 2 positive control with cellulose. The reactors were filled up to a total volume of 3000ml with deionised water with phosphate buffer and mineral salts, as described in OECD 301 B guideline, and 100 ml of the inoculum.

Reference substance:

other: cellulose

Parameter:

% degradation (CO2 evolution)

Value:

75.98

St. dev.:

2.4

Sampling time:

28 d

CO₂cumulative production (mg)

Time	T3/17	T3/18	T3/21	T3/22	T3/23	T3/24
Days	Blank	Blank	TMP-PA	TMP-PA	Cellulose	Cellulose
0,00	0,00	0,00	0,00	0,00	0,00	0,00
3,00	4,02	4,02	28,05	42,24	0,61	12,93
3,50	6,88	6,49	47,58	70,95	2,20	25,03
4,00	11,06	10,78	86,41	119,41	8,31	57,97
5,00	13,37	13,64	137,34	174,46	38,83	95,54
6,00	15,40	17,82	187,17	221,82	79,31	129,86
7,00	19,75	25,14	235,13	267,30	115,61	158,62
10,00	24,42	31,63	282,10	322,19	150,70	190,69
11,00	27,17	36,03	305,64	359,65	168,25	207,68
13,00	29,76	40,92	324,61	391,00	181,12	224,29
14,00	31,02	44,11	336,82	420,97	187,11	232,16
18,00	34,71	49,67	371,80	463,21	199,10	247,50
20,00	37,29	52,20	388,58	482,85	205,87	254,82
25,00	40,59	54,84	402,88	504,63	214,50	265,38
28,00	42,73	57,20	411,62	517,77	222,09	270,87

Biodegradation values (%)

Time	%Biod.	%Biod.	%Biod.	%Biod.
Days	TMP-PA	TMP-PA	Cellulose	Cellulose
0,00	0,00	0,00	0,00	0,00
3,00	5,16	6,07	-1,43	3,71
3,50	8,78	10,21	-1,88	7,63
4,00	16,21	17,23	-1,09	19,57
5,00	26,60	25,56	10,61	34,12
6,00	36,63	32,59	26,27	47,10
7,00	45,68	38,88	39,04	56,64
10,00	54,57	46,72	51,40	67,66
11,00	58,86	52,10	57,25	73,24
13,00	62,13	56,48	61,08	78,59
14,00	64,28	60,89	62,66	80,94
18,00	70,80	66,86	65,75	85,40
20,00	73,85	69,57	67,51	87,38
25,00	76,28	72,56	69,88	90,53
28,00	77,68	74,29	72,12	91,88

TABLE 5.Biodegradation average values after 28 days of test

Test item	Biodegradation (%)	Relative Biodegradation (%)
TMP-PA	75,98 (±2,40)	92,66
Cellulose	82,00 (±13,97)	100

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Interpretation of results:

readily biodegradable

Conclusions:

At the end of the test (after 28 days) the biodegradation of the TMP-PA was 75,98% and on the basis of the obtained result it can be declared “Readily Biodegradable”.

Executive summary:

The determination of the biodegradation in a aqueous medium of the TMP-PA, was carried out according to test method OECD 301 B (modified sturm test), and had a duration of 28 days. The test was carried out at room temperature (23°C ±2) and in parallel was tested a positive control: cellulose microcrystalline Avicell^®(Merck). The inoculum used was active, in fact the positive control reached an 82% of biodegradation. The biodegradation of the TMP-PA started immediately, while the cellulose showed a “lag” phase of about 3 days. The test exceeded the validity criteria reported in OECD 301 B. In according with the guideline, the test material TMP-PA can be stated “Ready Biodegradable” in fact it reached a biodegradation level of 60% within 28 days; more specifically it reached this level in a 10 days window starting from the 10% of biodegradation as described in OECD guideline for testing. At the end of the test (28 days) the average biodegradation of the TMP-PA was 75,98%

At the end of the test (after 28 days) the biodegradation of the TMP-PA was 75,98% and on the basis of the obtained result it can be declared “Ready Biodegradable”.

Description of key information

The substance can be regarded as readily biodegradable based on the outcome of the OECD301B study by Tosin (2013).

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Biodegradation in water:

readily biodegradable

Additional information

The biodegradation was assessed in one experimental key study (Tosin, 2013). This is a well documented study that was carried out according to the OECD guideline 301B. At the end of the test (after 28 days) the biodegradation of the test substance TMP-PA was 76%. The QSAR supporting study suggest that the substance is readily biodegradable. Thus on the basis of the obtained result, it can be declared “Readily Biodegradable”.