Barium bis[6-chloro-4-[(2-hydroxy-1-naphthyl)azo]toluene-3-sulphonate]

Endpoint summary

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Effects on fertility

Link to relevant study records

Reference

Endpoint:

one-generation reproductive toxicity

Remarks:

based on test type (migrated information)

Type of information:

migrated information: read-across based on grouping of substances (category approach)

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

August 1977

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: well documented and described, some environmental condictions are not described; estrous cycle and sperm parameter of the parental generation not recorded; macro- and microscopic examination of parental animals was not conducted

Qualifier:

equivalent or similar to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 415 [One-Generation Reproduction Toxicity Study (before 9 October 2017)]

Principles of method if other than guideline:

the study was not conducted as a one-generation study but meets basic principles of this test (exposure duration F0 animals, dose level, observations); histopathology of parental target organs and analysis of oestrous-cycle/spermatogenesis was not performed

GLP compliance:

no

Species:

rat

Strain:

CD-1

Sex:

male/female

Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:

TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Charles River Breeding Laboratories, Inc., Portage, Michigan
- Age at study initiation: (P) x 40d
- Housing: singly until mating (8 weeks), 1:1 for mating 7d, again separated for pregnancy, delivery and lactation (21d), F1 in groups
- Diet: ad libitum
- Water: ad libitum
- Acclimation period: 18d

ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 23+/- 1
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12

Route of administration:

oral: feed

Vehicle:

unchanged (no vehicle)

Details on exposure:

PREPARATION OF DOSING SOLUTIONS:

DIET PREPARATION
- Rate of preparation of diet (frequency): weekly
- Mixing appropriate amounts with (Type of food): The appropriate quantity (by weight) of D&C Red No. 9 (corrected for purity) was manually mixed with 5 kg of basal diet. This premix was mixed with approximately one-half the final volume of basal feed for 15 minutes in a twin shell blender. The remaining basal feed was then added, and mixing was continued for 15 minutes. From Weeks 1-15, 36 kg of diet were prepared at each dose level. From Week 15 until weaning of the pups, the diet was prepared in 54 kg batches as frequently as needed to supply adequate feed for the rats.
- Storage temperature of food: room temperature

Details on mating procedure:

- M/F ratio per cage: one to one
- Length of cohabitation: 7d
- Further matings after two unsuccessful attempts: no
- After successful mating each pregnant female was caged (how): singly for pregnancy, delivery and lactation

Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:

yes

Details on analytical verification of doses or concentrations:

The homogeneity of the preparations was determined by analyzing 9 discrete samples from each dietary level of the first batch. Additionally, samples of the first batch were analyzed after storage at room temperature (25°C) for 7, 14 and 21 days and 7 days at 370C. During the remainder of the in utero phase of the study, the test diet was analyzed approximately weekly. The stability of D&C Red No. 9 in the diet under animal room conditions was determined by the analysis of diet remaining in 3 feed jars from each dietary level at the end of Weeks 2, 5, and 12. At Week 10 only, samples of the 100 ppm diet were analyzed to check for low values found in Weeks 2 and 5.

Duration of treatment / exposure:

8 weeks before mating and during mating (P), 30 month (whole life time) of the F1 generation

Frequency of treatment:

daily

Details on study schedule:

- Selection of parents from F1 generation when pups were 21 days of age.
- Age at mating of the mated animals in the study: 9.5 weeks

Remarks:

Doses / Concentrations:
0, 100, 200, 500 ppm
Basis:
nominal in diet

No. of animals per sex per dose:

60

Control animals:

yes, plain diet

Details on study design:

- Dose selection rationale: no data
- Rationale for animal assignment: random

Positive control:

no

Parental animals: Observations and examinations:

CAGE SIDE OBSERVATIONS: Yes
- Time schedule: twice daily
- Cage side observations: physical appearance, signs of toxicity and mortality

DETAILED CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS: Yes
- Time schedule: weekly

BODY WEIGHT: Yes
- Time schedule for examinations: weekly

FOOD CONSUMPTION AND COMPOUND INTAKE (if feeding study):
in weekly intervals until mating was initiated

days of gestation

Oestrous cyclicity (parental animals):

no data

Sperm parameters (parental animals):

no data

Litter observations:

bodyweight: The pups were sexed and weighed as a litter and the means were calculated on Days 0, 4 and 14. On Day 21, they were sexed and individual body weights were recorded. Body weights and food consumption were determined weekly for Weeks 1-14, subsequently at biweekly intervals over one week for Weeks 16-26, and at monthly intervals thereafter. Body weights were taken for all animals prior to necropsy

food consumption: Food consumption for dam and litter was determined for Days 0-4, 5-14, and 15-21.

clinical observation: Detailed observations were performed on all pups on Days 0, 4, 14 and 21 of lactation. After weaning and throughout the chronic phase, the animals were observed at least twice daily for general physical appearance, signs of toxicity and mortality.

ophthalmoscopic observation: The eyes of all surviving rats were examined at the initiation of the chronic phase, and at Months 3, 6, 12, 18 and 2

pathologic evaluation: Clinical pathologic evaluation was performed at Months 3, 6, 12, 18 and 24 of the chronic phase of the study. Rats scheduled for clinical pathology were fasted overnight prior to collection of the samples.

Hematology: hb, hc, RBC, white blood cell count, reticulocyte count. Specimens were collected by orbital sinus bleeding for blood chemistry and hematology samples

Clinical chemistry: glucose, BUN, SGOT, SGPT, alkaline phophatase, creatinine, total protein

urinalysis: color, appearance, specific gravity, protein, pH, ketones, bilirubin, glucose, occult blood and microscopic sediment was performed at the same intervals as the clinical pathologic testing. Urine was collected in stainless steel collection cages.

STANDARDISATION OF LITTERS
One male and i female pup were randomly selected from each litter when possible. To provide 70 animals per sex per dose group, litters were selected randomly to contribute an additional male and/or female pup which was selected randomly from the remaining pups

GROSS EXAMINATION OF DEAD PUPS:
no

PARAMETERS EXAMINED
The following parameters were examined: live pubs, dead pubs, sex, mean pub weight, on days 0, 4, 14 and 21

Postmortem examinations (parental animals):

SACRIFICE
Pups not selected for the chronic study, and the F0 generation rats were discarded

GROSS NECROPSY
- no

HISTOPATHOLOGY / ORGAN WEIGHTS
no

Postmortem examinations (offspring):

SACRIFICE
All animals dying on study or killed (via carbon dioxide) were necropsied. For the 12 month interim kill, 10 animals/sex/dose group were randomly
selected from the survivors and all surviving animals were killed at the 30 month terminal kill.

GROSS NECROPSY
- Gross necropsy consisted of [external and internal examinations including the cervical, thoracic, and abdominal viscera.]

HISTOPATHOLOGY / ORGAN WEIGTHS
At the interim and terminal kills organ weights were determined for the adrenal glands, brain, heart, kidneys, liver, spleen, thyroids, testes, ovaries, and uterus. The organ weight/body weight percentages were calculated.

abdominal aorta
adrenal gland (2)
bone and bone marrow (femur)
brain (3 sections including
frontal cortex and basal
ganglia, parietal cortex
and thalamus; cerebellum
and pons)
cecum
colon
duodenum
esophagus
eye
heart (with coronary vessles)
ileum
jejunum
kidneys (2)
liver
lung and mainstem bronchi
mediastinal lymph node
mesenteric lymph node
mammary gland
mandibular salivary gland
nerve (sciatic)
ovaries
pancreas
pituitary gland
prostate
seminal vesicles
skeletal muscle (rectus femoris)
skin
spinal cord (cervical)
spleen
stomach
testes with epididymides
thymus
trachea
thyroid/parathyroid
urinary bladder
uterus
gross lesions of uncertain
nature and all tissue
masses or suspect tumors and
abnormal regional lymph nodes

A blood smear (air dried/methanol fixed) was taken from the animals at the scheduled kills for possible histopathologic evaluation. Blood smears
were also taken from moribund animals starting with those after the interim kill.

Tumor incidence analysis.

Statistics:

The controls were combined, weighted for the number of samples in each, for statistical analyses. Differences between mean values were analyzed
using Dunnett’s t-test [I]. Ratios were compared using a 2x2 contingency table with Yates’ correction. A probability of p<0.05 was used as a basis to determine statistical significance. For body weight, organ weight and clinical pathology data, if a significant difference was observed between a dose and combined control group, the two controls were compared to each other using a Student’s t-test at the p<0.01 level. If the controls differed, then each control group was compared to the dose groups using Dunnett’s t-test at the p<0.05 level. Statistical analyses for tumor incidences where values of p<0.0l were considered significant was performed by using the NCI program developed by Thomas, et. al.

Reproductive indices:

reproductive performance and gesatation period

Offspring viability indices:

Pup viability was determined as gestation viability (live birth vs total birth), neonate viability (live pups Day 4 vs live pups Day 0), early lactation viability (live pups Day 14 vs live pups Day 4), and late lactation viability (live pups Day 21 vs live pups Day 14). The overall viability (live pups Day 21 vs live pups Day O) has also been calculated.

Clinical signs:

no effects observed

Body weight and weight changes:

no effects observed

Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):

no effects observed

Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:

not examined

Histopathological findings: non-neoplastic:

not examined

Other effects:

effects observed, treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

Test substance intake: see table below

Reproductive function: oestrous cycle:

not examined

Reproductive function: sperm measures:

not examined

Reproductive performance:

no effects observed

Dose descriptor:

other: fertility, reproduction and carcinogenicity

Effect level:

other: no effects on these parameters

Sex:

male/female

Remarks on result:

other: Generation: P and F1 (migrated information)

Clinical signs:

no effects observed

Mortality / viability:

no mortality observed

Body weight and weight changes:

no effects observed

Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:

no effects observed

Gross pathological findings:

effects observed, treatment-related

Histopathological findings:

no effects observed

Viability: The decrease in total pups represents pups which were found dead, cannibalized, or sacrificed because they had escaped and could not be returned to the proper litter. The above data did not reveal any compound related effect.

body weight: The decreased mean body weight of female pups of the 500 ppm treatment level at Day 21 of lactation was the only value statistically different from the combined controls. However, the decrease was less than 10% of the control weight and was judged not to represent a compound related effect.

sex ratio: No statistically significant differences between treated and combined controls were observed.

pub deaths: distribution of pup deaths was uniform among all 5 groups, for both the treated and the control. Therefore, it was judged that the deaths which occurred were not compound related, and the absence of gross necropsy data did not affect the scientific integrity of the study.

food consumption: Sporadic statistically significant differences have occurred, but were judged to be unrelated to treatment.

organ weight: For the 12 month interim kill, significantly high values for both the spleen weight and the spleen weight-body weight percentages was observed in the high dose females. The spleen weight and spleen weight-body weight percentages for the high dose males were elevated as compared to the combined control but this was not statistically different. Spleen weight and spleen weight-body weight percentages values for the high
dose of both sexes were not statistically significant at the 30 month terminal kill but the values were elevated as compared to the combined values.

pathology and microscopy: The hemosiderosis observed in the spleens reported for the high dose females in the 12 Month Interim Pathology Report was subjectively graded to be more severe than similar lesions in the control animals, but the pathologist judged that this effect was unrelated to the test material. However, the hematology data reveal.ed a significant decrease in erythrocyte count and a significant increase in the spleen weight in the high dose females (500 ppm) at the 12-month interim kill. At this interval the apparent slight increase in hemosiderin of the spleen in the high dose
females tends to corroborate the hematologic data and the increase of the spleen weight.
The histopathologic evaluation of the control and high dose animals in addition to grossly noted lesions from mid and low dose animals after the 12-month interim kill did not reveal any obvious compound related effect. The lesions observed in the spleens of the high dose females at the 12 Month
interim kill were not apparent at the time of the terminal sacrifice.

The tumor incidence analysis did not suggest any compound related effect,

Reproductive effects observed:

not specified

The mean intake (mg/kg/day) of test material of the F1 generation has been calculated as the mean daily food consumption multiplied by the intended dietary concentration divided by the mean body weight. The mean intake of test material per animal over the course of the FI generation study was as follows.

Dietary Concentration(ppm of D&C Red No. 9)	mg/kg/day (Mean ± SE) males	mg/kg/day (Mean ± SE) females
100	5.08 + 0.41	6.36 + 0.39
200	10.02 + 0.82	12.53 + 0.80
500	25.89 + 2.12	32.42 + 2.12

mean material intake F0 generation

The food consumption values during lactation were excluded from the mean intake of test material per animal during the course of the F0 phase, because the food consumption values during this period reflected the food consumed by both the pups and the dams

Dietary Concentration(ppm of D&C Red No. 9)	mg/kg/day (Mean ± SE) males	mg/kg/day (Mean ± SE) females
100	8.3 ± 0.03	8.5 ± 0.21
200	17.4 ± 0.73	16.9 ± 0.44
500	42.5 ± 1.54	42.2 ± 1.05

Executive summary:

The test material, D&C Red No. 9, was administered to rats in the diet at concentrations of 100, 200 and 500 ppm for 8 weeks prior to mating. The treatment was continued during gestation and lactation. The test material was judged not to have an effect on body weight, food consumption, or fertility of the F0 generation rats. Similarly, no effect was evident on the viability or growth of F1 pups from birth to weaning. Rats from parents treated with graded dietary concentrations of D&C Red No. 9 (0, 100, 200 and 500 ppm) have been continued on treatment for 30 months after weaning. The only difference between the treated groups and the control (0 ppm) groups now judged to be related to the test material is the increase in the spleen weight in the high dose females at the 12 month interval. The apparent decreased values of red cell parameters seen at 12 months were not evident at 18 or 24 months. The gross and histopathologic evaluation and the tumor incidence analyses of the animals did not reveal any compound related effect.

Effect on fertility: via oral route

Endpoint conclusion:

no adverse effect observed

Dose descriptor:

NOAEL

32 mg/kg bw/day

Study duration:

chronic

Species:

rat

Effect on fertility: via inhalation route

Endpoint conclusion:

no study available

Effect on fertility: via dermal route

Endpoint conclusion:

no study available

Additional information

Read across justification

Toxicity to reproduction of the test substance was not examined. The test item shares structural similarity to an analogue substance. Both are Ba-salts and include 1 -amino-2 -naphthol which is connected via azo bond with an aromatic sulfonic acid. Enzymatic azo reduction of the substances may lead to release of 1-amino-2 -naphthol. The salts are poor soluble in water and octanol and dissolve most likely in an acidic environment (e.g. stomach). Therefore, it is acceptable to derive information on reproductive-toxicity from experimental data of the analogue substance.

Procedure and observations

The test material, D&C Red No. 9, was administered to rats in the diet at concentrations of 100, 200 and 500 ppm (equ. to 8, 14 and 42 mg/kg bw/day) for 8 weeks prior to mating (CFTA 1982). The treatment was continued during gestation and lactation. The test material was judged not to have an effect on body weight, food consumption, or fertility of the F0 generation rats. Similarly, no effect was evident on the viability or growth of F1 pups from birth to weaning. Rats from parents treated with graded dietary concentrations of D&C Red No. 9 (0, 100, 200 and 500 ppm) have been continued on treatment for 30 months after weaning. The only difference between the treated groups and the control (0 ppm) groups now judged to be related to the test material is the increase in the spleen weight in the high dose females at the 12 month interval. The apparent decreased values of red cell parameters seen at 12 months were not evident at 18 or 24 months. The gross and histopathologic evaluation and the tumor incidence analyses of the animals did not reveal any compound related effect.

Short description of key information:
Toxicity to reproduction of the test substance was not examined. Reliable experimental data on a structural analogue are available. The test material, D&C Red No. 9, was administered to rats in the diet at concentrations of 100, 200 and 500 ppm (equ. to 8, 14 and 42 mg/kg bw/day) for 8 weeks prior to mating (CFTA 1982). The treatment was continued during gestation and lactation. Rats from parents treated with graded dietary concentrations of D&C Red No. 9 (0, 100, 200 and 500 ppm) have been continued on treatment for 30 months after weaning. The test material was judged not to have an effect on body weight, food consumption, or fertility of the F0 generation rats. Similarly, no effect was evident on the viability or growth of F1 pups from birth to weaning.

Effects on developmental toxicity

Effect on developmental toxicity: via oral route

Endpoint conclusion:

no adverse effect observed

Dose descriptor:

NOAEL

30 mg/kg bw/day

Study duration:

chronic

Species:

rat

Effect on developmental toxicity: via inhalation route

Endpoint conclusion:

no study available

Effect on developmental toxicity: via dermal route

Endpoint conclusion:

no study available

Justification for classification or non-classification

Dangerous Substance Directive (67/548/EEC)

The available studies are considered reliable and suitable for classification purposes under 67/548/EEC. As a result the substance is not considered to be classified for reproductive toxicity under Directive 67 / 548 / EEC, as amended for the 28th time in Directive 2001/59/EC.

 

 

Classification, Labeling, and Packaging Regulation (EC) No. 1272/2008

The available experimental test data are reliable and suitable for classification purposes under Regulation 1272/2008. As a result the substance is not considered to be classified for reproductive toxicity under Regulation (EC) No. 1272/2008, as amended for the second time in Directive (EC 286/2011).