3-nitrotoluene

Short-term toxicity to fish

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Reference 1

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Remarks:

published data

Adequacy of study:

other information

Reliability:

3 (not reliable)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

significant methodological deficiencies

Remarks:

supplementary published data, see justification for type of information

Justification for type of information:

Restrictions of the method are: - Test period not given (Personal communication Wang 2003: 96 h) - 4 fish used instead of at least 7 as recommended by the OECD TG 203 - Temperature during the test was higher (25 °C) than recommended 20-24 °C - Yeast is not a standard food for carp - Length of fish (2-6 cm) varied more than recommended by the OECD TG 203

Specific details on test material used for the study:

purity more than 98%, purchased from E. Merck, Darmstadt, Germany.

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not specified

Remarks:

Restrictions of the method: - Test period not given (Personal communication Wang 2003: 96 h) - 4 fish used instead of at least 7 - Temperature during the test was higher (25 °C) than 20-24 °C - Yeast is not a standard food for carp - Length of fish 2-6 cm

Executive summary:

Yen, Jui-Hung; Lin, Kuo-Hsiung; Wang, Yei-Shung; Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety; vol. 52; nb. 2; (2002); p. 113 - 116, (REAXYS data base):

Species: Ciprinus carpio

Method: 90 percent of the incubation medium was renewed with same concentration of title comp. after 48 h of incubation; 4 carp (2 to 6 cm in size) were introduced to each 10-L beaker containing 5 L of the different concentrations of the test chemical; the fish were fed with yeast; 25 °C; exposure in water pH 6.6, dissolved oxygen: 4.9 mg/L, hardness 215 mg/L as CaCO₃ with title comp. conc.; duplicate tests at each concentration level.

In Table 4 of their publication, Yen et al. report the LC50 to be 0.352 mg/L. After request, one of the authors (Wang 2003) communicated that the reported values are below the observed values by a factor of 100. Thus, the correct LC50 is 35.2 mg/l. The test period is not given (Personal communication Wang 2003: 96 h).

Reference 2

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

other information

Reliability:

4 (not assignable)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Documentation insufficient for assessment

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Letale Wirkung beim Leuciscus idus

GLP compliance:

not specified

Specific details on test material used for the study:

- Name of test material (as cited in study report): 3-Nitrotoluol
- Analytical purity: no data

Analytical monitoring:

not specified

Test organisms (species):

Leuciscus idus

Test type:

static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

96 h

Test temperature:

19.9-22.3 °C

pH:

6.3-7.5

Dissolved oxygen:

7-9.2 mg/L

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LC100

Effect conc.:

75 mg/L

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

64.9 mg/L

Remarks on result:

other: geometric mean

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LC0

Effect conc.:

56.2 mg/L

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Executive summary:

Bayer (1986):

In an experimental study (static test) with an exposure period of 96 hours an LC50 value of 64.9 mg/l was obtained for the test organism Leuciscus idus. 

Reference 3

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

other information

Reliability:

4 (not assignable)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Documentation insufficient for assessment

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Letale Wirkung beim Zebrabaerbling, UBA-Verfahrensvorschlag, Mai 1984, Letale Wirkung beim Zebrabaerbling Brachydanio rerio LC0, LC50, LC100, 48-96h

GLP compliance:

not specified

Specific details on test material used for the study:

- Name of test material (as cited in study report): 3-Nitrotoluol
- Analytical purity: no data

Analytical monitoring:

not specified

Test organisms (species):

Danio rerio (previous name: Brachydanio rerio)

Test type:

static

Water media type:

freshwater

Total exposure duration:

96 h

Test temperature:

19.9-22.3 °C

pH:

6.3-7.5

Dissolved oxygen:

7-9.2 mg/L

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LC100

Effect conc.:

75 mg/L

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

56.3 mg/L

Remarks on result:

other: geometric mean

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LC0

Effect conc.:

42.2 mg/L

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Remarks on result:

other:

Executive summary:

Bayer (1986):

In an experimental study (static test) with an exposure period of 96 hours in an LC50 value of 56.3 mg/l was obtained for the test organism Brachydanio rerio. 

Reference 4

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to fish

Type of information:

other: no data

Adequacy of study:

other information

Reliability:

4 (not assignable)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Only secondary literature

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Only secondary literature. The original source is unclear.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Specific details on test material used for the study:

- Name of test material (as cited in study report): 3-nitrotoluene
- Analytical purity: no data

Test organisms (species):

Poecilia reticulata

Test type:

not specified

Water media type:

not specified

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

96 h

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

29.32 mg/L

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Sublethal observations / clinical signs:

The toxicity is expressed as -log(LC50)=3.65

Executive summary:

Urrestarazu Ramos, 1998 (citing literature, original source unknown)

The following effect concentration was found for the short-term toxicity to fish (Poecilia reticulata): LC50 (96h): 29.32 mg/L.

Reference 5

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

other information

Reliability:

4 (not assignable)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

documentation insufficient for assessment

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Method by US-EPA 1975 (EPA-660/3-75-009)

GLP compliance:

not specified

Specific details on test material used for the study:

- Name of test material (as cited in study report): 3-Nitrotoluene
- Analytical purity: 95-99 %

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Test organisms (species):

Pimephales promelas

Details on test organisms:

Juveniles, not fed for 24 h before or during the test.
Total lenght: 2.4 cm
Weight: 0.28 g

Test type:

flow-through

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

96 h

Hardness:

29.6 (12-43) mg/L as CaCO3

Test temperature:

20.3 (19.5-22) °C

pH:

7.6 (6-9.2)

Dissolved oxygen:

7.2 (2.8-9.4) mg/L

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

32.5 mg/L

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Remarks on result:

other: 95% CL; 29.9-34.7

Details on results:

CL=confidence limits

Sublethal observations / clinical signs:

Toxicity appears to be related to the ease of reduction of the nitro group to form nitroxy free radicals, which would then block life-supporting processes.

Executive summary:

Bailey, 1983

The short-term toxicity to fish (Pimephales promelas) was investigated in a flow-through fresh-water system over a period of 96h, according to the method by US-EPA 1975 (EPA-660/3-75-009). The following effect concentration was found: LC50 (96h): 32.5 mg/L.

Reference 6

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

other information

Reliability:

4 (not assignable)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

documentation insufficient for assessment

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Method by US-EPA 1975 (EPA-660/3-75-009)

GLP compliance:

not specified

Specific details on test material used for the study:

- Name of test material (as cited in study report): 1-CH, 3-NO2
- Analytical purity: no data

Test organisms (species):

Pimephales promelas

Details on test organisms:

30 to 35 d old, fed live brine shrimp nauplii in excess until 12 to 24 h prior to
testing and not fed during the 96-h exposure

Test type:

flow-through

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

96 h

Hardness:

43.3-48.5 mg/L as CaCO3

Test temperature:

25±2 °C

Dissolved oxygen:

6.2-8.2 mg/L

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

32.14 mg/L

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Sublethal observations / clinical signs:

The toxicity is expressed as -log(LC50)=3.63

Executive summary:

Hall, 1984, 1986

The short-term toxicity to fish (Pimephales promelas) was investigated in a flow-through fresh-water system over a period of 96h, according to the method by US-EPA 1975 (EPA-660/3-75-009). The following effect concentration was found: LC50 (96h): 32.14 mg/L.

Reference 7

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

other information

Reliability:

4 (not assignable)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

documentation insufficient for assessment

Qualifier:

equivalent or similar to guideline

Guideline:

other: OECD proposal from 1979

GLP compliance:

not specified

Specific details on test material used for the study:

- Name of test material (as cited in study report): 3-nitrotoluene
- Analytical purity: 99.5 %

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Test organisms (species):

Poecilia reticulata

Details on test organisms:

- Age of fish 3 - 4 weeks
- 10 Organisms per group
- 1 l Testvolume per group
- No food during incubation

Test type:

semi-static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

96 h

Test temperature:

23 ± 2 °C

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

7.4 mg/L

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

behaviour

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

37 mg/L

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Executive summary:

Canton, 1985

The short-term toxicity to fish (Poecilia reticulata) was investigated in a semi-static fresh-water system over a period of 96h, similar to the OECD proposal from 1979. The following effect concentrations were found: LC50 (96h): 37 mg/L and EC50 (96 h): 7.4 mg/L.

 

Reference 8

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

other information

Reliability:

4 (not assignable)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

documentation insufficient for assessment

Principles of method if other than guideline:

The 14 day LC50 values of the various compounds were determined following the
procedure outlined by Koenemann (1981), with two small changes: concentrations
were increased in geometrical progression with a factor of 2, and ten guppies were
exposed to each concentration.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Specific details on test material used for the study:

- Name of test material (as cited in study report): 3-Nitrotoluene
- Analytical purity: > 98%

Test organisms (species):

Poecilia reticulata

Test type:

not specified

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

14 d

Hardness:

25 mg/l as CaCO3

Test temperature:

21-23°C

pH:

6.8-7.2

Dissolved oxygen:

> 4.5 mg/l

Duration:

14 d

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

30 mg/L

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Details on results:

Results are given in the original reference as log LC 50 expressed in µmol/l. log LC50 = 2.34.

Executive summary:

Deneer, 1987

The short-term toxicity to fish (Poecilia reticulata) was investigated in a fresh-water system over a period of 14d, following the procedure outlined by Koenemann (1981), with two small changes. The following effect concentration was found: LC50 (14d): 30 mg/L.

 

Reference 9

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

other information

Reliability:

4 (not assignable)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

documentation insufficient for assessment

Remarks:

Basic data given (comparable to guidelines/standards)

Principles of method if other than guideline:

In accordance with Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS K 0102-1986-71.) titled "Testing methods for industrial waste water"

GLP compliance:

not specified

Specific details on test material used for the study:

- Name of test material (as cited in study report): m-Nitrotoluene
- Analytical purity: not reported

Analytical monitoring:

not specified

Test organisms (species):

Oryzias latipes

Details on test organisms:

- Orange-red killifish (Oryzias latipes) was obtained from Nakashima fish farm, Daimyojin Nagasu-cho Tamana-gun Kumamot 869-01 Japan
- After external desinfection, the fishes were reared in a flow through system for 3 - 5 weeks
- Fishes were reared in an acclimatization tank for 28 d at 25 ± 2 °C
- 10 fish/level

Test type:

static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

48 h

Test temperature:

25 ± 2 °C

Details on test conditions:

- For experiment 10 fishes were incubated in round glass vessels containing 4 l of water for 48 hours

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

71 mg/L

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Executive summary:

MITI, 1992

In a static test according to Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS K 0102-1986-71.) titled "Testing methods for industrial waste water" the acute toxicity towards the test species freshwater fish Oryzias latipes was assessed and thefollowing effect concentration was observed for 3-nitrotoluene: LC50 (48h): 71 mg/L.

Reference 10

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

other information

Reliability:

4 (not assignable)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

documentation insufficient for assessment

Remarks:

Basic data given (comparable to guidelines/standards)

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 203 (Fish, Acute Toxicity Test)

GLP compliance:

no

Specific details on test material used for the study:

- Name of test material (as cited in study report): 3-Nitrotoluol
- Analytical purity: The purity of chloroform, also tested in the study is reported (as an example) to be > 98% (p.A. purchased from Merck). It is assumed that 3-nitrotoluene has the same purity.

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Test organisms (species):

Danio rerio (previous name: Brachydanio rerio)

Details on test organisms:

Body lenght: 2,0 ± 1,0 cm

Test type:

flow-through

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

96 h

Test temperature:

23 ± 1 °C

pH:

8,15 ± 0,2

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

35.3 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

35.3 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Executive summary:

Roederer, 1990

In a flow-through test according to OECD guideline 203 the acute toxicity towards the test species freshwater fish Danio rerio was assessed and thefollowing effect concentrations were observed for 3-nitrotoluene: LC50 (96h): 35.3 mg/L and LC50 (48h): 35.3 mg/L.

Reference 11

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

other information

Reliability:

4 (not assignable)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

documentation insufficient for assessment

Remarks:

Basic data given (comparable to guidelines/standards)

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Method by US-EPA 1976 (EPA-660/3-76-097)

GLP compliance:

not specified

Specific details on test material used for the study:

- Name of test material (as cited in study report): m-Nitrotoluene
- Analytical purity: "reagent grade"

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Test organisms (species):

Pimephales promelas

Details on test organisms:

Juveniles 4 to 8 weeks old, not fed during the test.
Total lenght: 1.1-3.1 cm
20 individuals tested at each concentration
Fish were acclimated in flowing water for at least 48 h before the test.
During acclimation the fishes were fed.

Test type:

static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

96 h

Test temperature:

18-22 °C

pH:

< 5.9

Dissolved oxygen:

< 4.0 mg/l

Duration:

1 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

43 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Duration:

24 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

30 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

30 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Duration:

72 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

30 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

30 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not specified

Executive summary:

Mattson, 1976

A test on the acute toxicity of 3 -nitrotoluene to Pimephales promelas was performed according to the US-EPA 1976 (EPA-660/3-76-097). For a test period of 96 hours an LC50 value of 30 mg/l was reported.

Description of key information

For transported isolated intermediates according to REACh, Article 18, this endpoint is not a data requirement. However, data is available for this endpoint and is thus reported under the guidance of "all available data".

Mattson, 1976

A test on the acute toxicity of 3 -nitrotoluene to Pimephales promelas was performed according to the US-EPA 1976 (EPA-660/3-76-097). For a test period of 96 hours an LC50 value of 30 mg/l was reported.

Roederer, 1990

In a flow-through test according to OECD guideline 203 the acute toxicity towards the test species freshwater fish Danio rerio was assessed and thefollowing effect concentrations were observed for 3-nitrotoluene: LC50 (96h): 35.3 mg/L and LC50 (48h): 35.3 mg/L.

MITI, 1992

In a static test according to Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS K 0102-1986-71.) titled "Testing methods for industrial waste water" the acute toxicity towards the test species freshwater fish Oryzias latipes was assessed and thefollowing effect concentration was observed for 3-nitrotoluene: LC50 (48h): 71 mg/L.

Deneer, 1987

The short-term toxicity to fish (Poecilia reticulata) was investigated in a fresh-water system over a period of 14d, following the procedure outlined by Koenemann (1981), with two small changes. The following effect concentration was found: LC50 (14d): 30 mg/L.

Canton, 1985

The short-term toxicity to fish (Poecilia reticulata) was investigated in a semi-static fresh-water system over a period of 96h, similar to the OECD proposal from 1979. The following effect concentrations were found: LC50 (96h): 37 mg/L and EC50 (96 h): 7.4 mg/L.

Hall, 1984, 1986

The short-term toxicity to fish (Pimephales promelas) was investigated in a flow-through fresh-water system over a period of 96h, according to the method by US-EPA 1975 (EPA-660/3-75-009). The following effect concentration was found: LC50 (96h): 32.14 mg/L.

Bailey, 1983

The short-term toxicity to fish (Pimephales promelas) was investigated in a flow-through fresh-water system over a period of 96h, according to the method by US-EPA 1975 (EPA-660/3-75-009). The following effect concentration was found: LC50 (96h): 32.5 mg/L.

Urrestarazu Ramos, 1998 (citing literature, original source unknown)

The following effect concentration was found for the short-term toxicity to fish (Poecilia reticulata): LC50 (96h): 29.32 mg/L.

Bayer (1986):

In an experimental study (static test) with an exposure period of 96 hours in an LC50 value of 56.3 mg/l was obtained for the test organism Brachydanio rerio. 

In an experimental study (static test) with an exposure period of 96 hours an LC50 value of 64.9 mg/l was obtained for the test organism Leuciscus idus.

Yen, Jui-Hung; Lin, Kuo-Hsiung; Wang, Yei-Shung; Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety; vol. 52; nb. 2; (2002); p. 113 - 116, (REAXYS data base):

Species: Ciprinus carpio

Method: 90 percent of the incubation medium was renewed with same concentration of title comp. after 48 h of incubation; 4 carp (2 to 6 cm in size) were introduced to each 10-L beaker containing 5 L of the different concentrations of the test chemical; the fish were fed with yeast; 25 °C; exposure in water pH 6.6, dissolved oxygen: 4.9 mg/L, hardness 215 mg/L as CaCO3 with title comp. conc.; duplicate tests at each concentration level.

In Table 4 of their publication, Yen et al. report the LC50 to be 0.352 mg/L. After request, one of the authors (Wang 2003) communicated that the reported values are below the observed values by a factor of 100. Thus, the correct LC50 is 35.2 mg/l. The test period is not given (Personal communication Wang 2003: 96 h).