Hexacalcium hexaoxotris[sulphato(2-)]dialuminate(12-)

Additional toxicological data

Administrative data

Endpoint:

additional toxicological information

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

supporting study

Study period:

No data

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Meets generally accepted scientific standards with acceptable restrictions.

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

publication

Title:

Antimutagenesis studies of magnesium and calcium salts

Author:

Bronzetti G, Aretini P et al

Year:

2000

Bibliographic source:

Journal of Environmental Pathology, Toxicology and Oncology 19 (4): 401 - 413.

Materials and methods

Type of study / information:

Antimutagenesis study of calcium salts.

Test guideline

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: No data

Deviations:

not specified

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Calcium salts of the typecorresponding to magnesium and their protective role agains oxidative damage of free radicals and enzymatic activities, such as catalase, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase, which are involved in antioxidative defenses.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

Calcium sulfate

EC Number:

231-900-3

EC Name:

Calcium sulfate

Cas Number:

7778-18-9

Molecular formula:

CaSO4

IUPAC Name:

calcium sulfate

Details on test material:

Test substance: magnesium salts (sulfate) and calcium salts (CaCl2, CaSO4 and CaCO3).

Results and discussion

Any other information on results incl. tables

Magnesium salts (MgSO4) in various concentrations differently affected the yeast cells after treatment with H2O2. Survival of the yeast cells was reduced after treatment with H2O2 and the toxicity was more marked in the logarithmic phase cells than in the stationary-phase cells. After treatment with H2O2 the survival from the stationary phase was about 80 %.

Magnesium sulfate decreased the mitotic gene conversion rate induced by H2O2 at a concentration of about 400 mM in cells from stationary phase a two concentrations used, whereas in cells from logarithmic phase, it exerted antimutagenic effects, both from mitotic gene conversion and point-reverse mutation.

Calcium salts (CaCl2, CaSO4 and CaCO3) used in the stationary phase did not show any mutagenic and anitmutagenic effects after induction with H2O2 (200 and 400 mM). Calcium chloride exerted major toxic effects compared with the other salts used. Calcium carbonate at a concentration of 100 mM reduced the growth of yeast cells by 5 % and calcium sulfate had about the same effect. Toixicityof calcium salts was more marked in the logarithmic phase cells than in the stationary phase cells. Therefore no antimutagenic effects could be demonstrated.

Catalase was not activated by magnesium sulfate. Experiments with calcium salts did not show any mutagenic or antimutagenic effects or variation in the level of enzyme activity examined.

Effects of calcium salts on gene conversion (GC) and point mutation (PM) frequencies induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in stationary phase(SP) cells of D7 strain of the yeast S. cerevisiae:

Group	Experiment	Calcium salts (SP) Surv. (%)	GC/10^5surv.	PM/10^6surv.
I	Control	100	1.08 ± 0.39	0.81 ± 0.26
II	H2O2200 mM	82.00 ± 18.70	8.45 ± 1.10*	7.34 ± 2.30*
III	H2O2400 mM	86.50 ± 17.40	13.42 ± 2.81*	9.90 ± 1.40*
IV	CaCl2100 mM	73.00 ± 25.93	1.15 ± 0.42	1.39 ± 0.26
V	CaCl210 mM+ H2O2200 mM	74.67 ± 22.17	8.57 ± 1.72	9.06 ± 1.64
VI	CaCl2100 mM+ H2O2200 mM	67.00 ± 25.47	9.73 ± 0.62	11.18 ± 4.2
VII	CaCl210 mM+ H2O2400 mM	74.30 ± 24.10	15.66 ± 2.72	11.80 ± 2.25
VIII	CaCl2100 mM+ H2O2400 mM	68.70 ± 28.50	15.97 ± 2.45	10.83 ± 0.09
IX	CaSO4100 mM	89.00 ± 15.50	1.19 ± 0.11	0.52 ± 0.12
X	CaSO410 mM+ H2O2200 mM	71.30 ± 22.50	6.67 ± 2.50	6.89 ± 0.68
XI	CaSO4100 mM+ H2O2200 mM	66.30 ± 25.30	11.83 ± 0.06	11.45 ± 1.41
XII	CaSO410 mM+ H2O2400 mM	76.60 ± 22.40	11.90 ± 2.75	12.35 ± 3.23
XIII	CaSO4100 mM+ H2O2400 mM	67.70 ± 27.90	14.56 ± 3.33	13.45 ± 2.71
XIV	CaCO3100 mM	95.00 ± 5.00	1.20 ± 0.06	0.78 ± 0.21
XV	CaCO325 mM+ H2O2200 mM	86.30 ± 19.30	8.45 ± 0.28	6.06 ± 2.25
XVI	CaCO350 mM+ H2O2200 mM	92.70 ± 10.40	9.03 ± 0.31	6.46 ± 1.35
XVII	CaCO3100 mM+ H2O2200 mM	94.30 ± 8.00	9.44 ± 0.34	6.37 ± 2.37
XVIII	CaCO325 mM+ H2O2400 mM	84.30 ± 12.00	16.60 ± 1.88	10.59 ± 2.07
XIX	CaCO350 mM+ H2O2400 mM	84.00 ± 22.60	15.46 ± 2.51	12.07 ± 3.80
XX	CaCO3100 mM+ H2O2400 mM	88.30 ± 16.50	20.17 ± 5.74	9.38 ± 2.35

Data are reported as means of three independent experiments ± standard deviation (* p ≤ 0.05). For statistical analysis the following independent data are compared: II, III, IV, XI, XIV with I, V,VI, X, XI, XV, XVI, XVII with II, VII, VIII, XII, XIII, XVIII, XIX, XX with III.

Effects of calcium salts on gene conversion (GC) and point mutation (PM) frequencies induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in logarithmic phase (LP) cells of the D7 strain of the yeast S. cerevisiae.

Group	Experiment	Calcium salts (LP) Surv. (%)	GC/10^5surv.	PM/10^6surv.
I	Control	100	2.41 ± 0.25	1.12 ± 0.22
II	H2O250 mM	76.75±5.72	10.13 ± 2.36*	14.29 ± 1.67*
III	H2O2100 mM	43.50 ± 8.96	53.01 ± 9.8*	23.56 ± 1.99*
IV	CaCl2100 mM	55.33 ± 10.78	2.22 ± 0.11	1.2 ± 0.38
V	CaCl210 mM+ H2O250 mM	51.50 ± 13.01	48.30 ± 13.56	20.21 ± 5.44
VI	CaCl2100 mM+ H2O250 mM	71.67 ± 5.56	45.09 ± 5.71	15.14 ± 3.81
VII	CaCl210 mM+ H2O2100 mM	56.00 ± 5.00	49.17 ± 14.41	22.25 ± 5.17
VIII	CaCl2100 mM+ H2O2100 mM	43.67 ± 16.66	86.02 ± 19.74	16.59 ± 4.50
IX	CaSO4100 mM	79.00 ± 9.00	2.59 ± 0.23	2.29 ± 1.86
X	CaSO410 mM+ H2O250 mM	82.67 ± 1.70	44.95 ± 14.83	10.58 ± 2.37
XI	CaSO4100 mM+ H2O250 mM	8.00 ± 5.00	41.34 ± 6.31	11.70 ± 1.97
XII	CaSO410 mM+ H2O2100 mM	46.87 ± 5.22	63.02 ± 23.40	27.23 ± 3.30
XIII	CaSO4100 mM+ H2O2100 mM	88.50 ± 11.50	43.89 ± 12.72	18.03 ± 5.64
XIV	CaCO3100 mM	90.67 ± 10.07	1.49 ± 0.53	0.82 ± 0.15
XV	CaCO325 mM+ H2O250 mM	71.00 ± 21.63	35.00 ± 3.90	13.76 ± 0.46
XVI	CaCO350 mM+ H2O250 mM	89.00 ± 14.93	36.34 ± 4.25	12.01 ± 0.27
XVII	CaCO3100 mM+ H2O250 mM	87.30 ± 11.59	39.46 ± 9.81	11.24 ± 2.97
XVIII	CaCO325 mM+ H2O2100 mM	40.00 ± 18.00	37.48 ± 6.40	22.21 ± 0.23
XIX	CaCO350 mM+ H2O2100 mM	50.67 ± 21.59	35.83 ± 5.56	21.37 ± 3.54
XX	CaCO3100 mM+ H2O2100 mM	41.33 ± 4.72	56.02 ± 13.74	22.73 ± 0.50

Dat are reported as means of three independent experiments ± standard deviation (*p ≤ 0.05). For statistical analysis the following independent data are compared: II, III, IV, IX, XIV with I, V, VI, X, XI, XV, XVI, XVII with II, VII, VIII, XII, XIII, XVIII, XIX, XX with III.

Effects of magnesium salts on yeast antioxidant enzymatic activities:

Test	Concentration	Catalase (20 %)	GSH-Peroxidase (0.5 %)	Superoxide dismutase (20 %)	Cytochrome P-450
					0.5 %	20 %
Control	-	5.92 ± 2.21	19.00 ± 3.74	33.80 ± 3.50	1.73 ± 0.45	9.30 ± 0.26
MgSO4	0.25 mM	8.61 ± 0.88	46.50 ± 2.50*	132.26 ± 9.82*	2.43 ± 0.62	9.25 ± 0.78
	2.5 mM	9.18 ± 1.13	49.67 ± 1.70*	252.03 ± 7.46*	1.91 ± 0.32	9.58 ± 0.63
	25 mM	8.81 ± 1.60	51.33 ± 8.73*	132.61 ± 9.11*	2.02 ± 0.19	9.52 ± 0.12
	50 mM	8.78 ± 0.61	54.50 ± 4.50*	276.36 ± 13.7*	2.16 ± 0.26	9.31 ± 0.63
	100 mM	9.97 ± 1.35	62.00 ± 1.30*	364.28 ± 10.9*	1.61 ± 0.15	9.73 ± 0.81

Data are reported as means of three independent experiments ± standard deviation (*p < 0.05). μmoles of H2O2/min.mg.prot; nmoles of oxided NAPDH/min.mg/prot; pmles of cytochrome P-450/mg.prot.

Effect of calcium salt of yeast antioxidant enzymaric activities:

Test	Concentration	Catalase (20 %)	GSH-Peroxidase (0.5 %)	Superoxide dismutase (20 %)
Control	-	5.92 ± 2.21	19.00 ± 3.74	33.80 ±3.50
CaSO4	0.25 mM	5.76 ± 0.70	18.75 ± 1.91	36.29 ± 0.90
	2.5 mM	6.20 ± 0.50	18.75 ± 2.61	30.46 ± 0.90
	25 mM	6.10 ± 0.94	26.32 ± 3.02	n.d.
	50 mM	6.14 ± 1.45	n.d.	n.d.
	100 mM	5.07 ± 0.63	n.d.	n.d.

Data are reported as means of three independent experiments ± standard deviation. μmoles of H2O2/min.mg.prot; nmoles of oxidized NADPH/min.mg.prot; SOD units/mg.prot.

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Conclusions:

Calcium salts did not induce any antimutagenic activity.

Executive summary:

This study summary was provided for the registration of calcium sulfate.