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Please be aware that this old REACH registration data factsheet is no longer maintained; it remains frozen as of 19th May 2023.

The new ECHA CHEM database has been released by ECHA, and it now contains all REACH registration data. There are more details on the transition of ECHA's published data to ECHA CHEM here.

Diss Factsheets

Environmental fate & pathways

Endpoint summary

Administrative data

Description of key information

Biodegradation in water:

28-days Closed Bottle test following the OECD guideline 301 D to determine the ready biodegradability of the test item. The study was performed at a temperature of 20°C. The test system included control, test item and reference item. Polyseed were used as inoculum . The concentration of test and reference item (Sodium Benzoate) chosen for both the study was 4 mg/L, while that of inoculum was 32ml/L. OECD mineral medium was used for the study. ThOD (Theoretical oxygen demand) of test and reference item was determined by calculation. % degradation was calculated using the values of BOD and ThOD for test item and reference item. The % degradation of procedure control (reference item) was also calculated using BOD & ThOD and was determined to be 78.31 %. Degradation of Sodium Benzoate exceeds 43.37 % on 7 days & 61.44 on 14th day. The activity of the inoculum is thus verified and the test can be considered as valid. The BOD28 value of test chemical was observed to be 1.25 mgO2/mg. ThOD was calculated as 1.67 mgO2/mg. Accordingly, the % degradation of the test item after 28 days of incubation at 20 ± 1°C according to Closed Bottle test was determined to be 74.85 %. Based on the results, the test item, under the test conditions, was considered to be readily biodegradable in nature.

Biodegradation in water and sediments:

Estimation Programs Interface (EPI Suite, 2018) prediction model was run to predict the half-life in water and sediment for the test chemical. If released in to the environment, 30.6 % of the chemical will partition into water according to the Mackay fugacity model level III and the half-life period of test chemical in water is estimated to be  15 days ( 360 hrs). The half-life (15 days estimated by EPI suite) indicates that the chemical is not persistent in water and the exposure risk to aquatic animals is low whereas the half-life period of test chemical in sediment is estimated to be 135 days (3240 hrs). However, as the percentage release of test chemical into the sediment is less than 1% (i.e, reported as 0.0688 %), indicates that test chemical is not persistent in sediment.

 

Biodegradation in soil:

The half-life period of test chemical in soil was estimated using Level III Fugacity Model by EPI Suite version 4.1 estimation database (EPI suite, 2018). If released into the environment, 69.4 % of the chemical will partition into soil according to the Mackay fugacity model level III. The half-life period of test chemical in soil is estimated to be 30 days ( 720 hrs). Based on this half-life value of test chemical, it is concluded that the chemical is not persistent in the soil environment and the exposure risk to soil dwelling animals is low .

Additional information

Biodegradation in water:

Different experimental studies have been reviewed from study report and peer reviewed journal for Biodegradation in water endpoint and their results are summarized below.

 

In first study the 28-days Closed Bottle test following the OECD guideline 301 D was performed to determine the ready biodegradability of the test item. The study was performed at a temperature of 20°C. The test system included control, test item and reference item. Polyseed were used as inoculum . The concentration of test and reference item (Sodium Benzoate) chosen for both the study was 4 mg/L, while that of inoculum was 32ml/L. OECD mineral medium was used for the study. ThOD (Theoretical oxygen demand) of test and reference item was determined by calculation. % degradation was calculated using the values of BOD and ThOD for test item and reference item. The % degradation of procedure control (reference item) was also calculated using BOD & ThOD and was determined to be 78.31 %. Degradation of Sodium Benzoate exceeds 43.37 % on 7 days & 61.44 on 14th day. The activity of the inoculum is thus verified and the test can be considered as valid. The BOD28 value of test chemical was observed to be 1.25 mgO2/mg. ThOD was calculated as 1.67 mgO2/mg. Accordingly, the % degradation of the test item after 28 days of incubation at 20 ± 1°C according to Closed Bottle test was determined to be 74.85 %. Based on the results, the test item, under the test conditions, was considered to be readily biodegradable in nature.

 

 

Another study was reviewed from authoritative database ( J check) in this percent degradation of test chemical was determined by using various parameters and activated sludge at concentration 30 mg/L concentration as inoculum and initial test chemical concentration used was 100 mg/L for 28 days.

The percent degradation of test chemical in 28 days was observed to be 56.2% and 53 % by O2 consumption (BOD) parameter  in the case where TOD is calculated by assuming n = 4 and n=10 respectively, by using parameter TOC removal test chemical showed 52.2 % degradation and by using test material analysis parameter (UV-Vis) percent degradation observed was 43.1.

By considering all the percent degradation value by various parameters it is concluded that test chemical is Ultimate inherently biodegradable in water.

 

Next study was reviewed from chemosphere Journal (1989) in this study an experiment was performed to determine percent degradation of test chemical by using sludge from the anaerobic digester of a sewage treatment plant treating predominantly domestic sewage as inoculum , mineral salt was used as medium and Oxygen was removed by sparging with pure nitrogen before use. The initial test chemical concentration used was 60 mg/L. Percent degradation of test chemical was observed to be 86 and 82 % by Gas production (theoretical and observed carbon dioxide and methane gas production ratios) as parameter in anaerobic condition in 37 days. BY considering percent degradation value it is concluded that test chemical is readily biodegradable.

 

Last study was also reviewed from chemosphere journal (1996) in this publication an experiment was performed to determine biodegradation potential of test chemical by using CO2 evolution as parameter. In this fortified BOD medium was used and bottle was connected CO2-free air apparatus. The test bottles were placed on a rotary shaker at room temperature and aerated overnight with agitation to purge the system of background CO2. After overnight aeration, the Ba(OH)2 traps were connected to the test system. The appropriate amount of test substance (20-40 mg/L) was added to the test bottles a 1% v/v (10 ml/L) activated sludge inoculum. The percent degradation of test chemical was determined to be 80% in days by considering CO2 evolution as parameter and activated sludge was used as inoculums. By considering this percent degradation value it is concluded that test chemical is readily biodegradable in water.

 

By considering results of all the studies mentioned above it is concluded that test chemical is readily biodegradable in nature.

Biodegradation in water and sediments:

Estimation Programs Interface (EPI Suite, 2018) prediction model was run to predict the half-life in water and sediment for the test chemical. If released in to the environment, 30.6 % of the chemical will partition into water according to the Mackay fugacity model level III and the half-life period of test chemical in water is estimated to be  15 days ( 360 hrs). The half-life (15 days estimated by EPI suite) indicates that the chemical is not persistent in water and the exposure risk to aquatic animals is low whereas the half-life period of test chemical in sediment is estimated to be 135 days (3240 hrs). However, as the percentage release of test chemical into the sediment is less than 1% (i.e, reported as 0.0688 %), indicates that test chemical is not persistent in sediment.

 

Biodegradation in soil:

The half-life period of test chemical in soil was estimated using Level III Fugacity Model by EPI Suite version 4.1 estimation database (EPI suite, 2018). If released into the environment, 69.4 % of the chemical will partition into soil according to the Mackay fugacity model level III. The half-life period of test chemical in soil is estimated to be 30 days ( 720 hrs). Based on this half-life value of test chemical, it is concluded that the chemical is not persistent in the soil environment and the exposure risk to soil dwelling animals is low .