Phenylacetic acid

Short-term toxicity to fish

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Justification for type of information:

Experimental test result performed according to the guideline.

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 203 (Fish, Acute Toxicity Test)

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Study was conducted to access the effect of test chemical on the mortality of fish Danio rerio. Test conducted according to OECD Guideline 203 (Fish, Acute Toxicity Test).

GLP compliance:

no

Analytical monitoring:

no

Vehicle:

no

Details on test solutions:

The test substance was soluble in water. Therefore, the stock solution was prepared by dissolving 1 g of the test substance in 1 liters of potable water (passed through reverse osmosis system) with continuous one hour of stirring for achieving test concentrations of 6.25 mg/L,12.5 mg/L,25 mg/L,50 mg/L,100 mg/L, respectively.

Test organisms (species):

Danio rerio (previous name: Brachydanio rerio)

Details on test organisms:

TEST ORGANISM
- Common name:Zebra Fish
- Strain:Danio rerio
- Source: Koyal Aquaruim, Nagpur
- Length at study initiation (length definition, mean, range and SD): average 1.75 cm
- Weight at study initiation (mean and range, SD): average 0.71 g
-Housing:The fishes were kept in a static tank in tap water passed through reverse osmosis system, under natural conditions along with proper feed and aeration.
-Duration of housing: 15 days
-Photoperiod: 16 hours light and 8 hours dark
-Diet : Standard brand feed, once daily
-Acclimatization: seven days
-feeding frequency: Once in a day

Test type:

static

Water media type:

freshwater

Total exposure duration:

96 h

Hardness:

154.2 mg of CaCO3

Test temperature:

23 °C

pH:

7.3

Dissolved oxygen:

7.6 mg/l

Nominal and measured concentrations:

6.25 mg/L,12.5 mg/L,25 mg/L,50 mg/L,100 mg/L

Details on test conditions:

TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: Plastic aquaria
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: 5 liters of plastic aquaria filled with 2 liter of water
- Aeration: Aeration in test vessels was provided 1 day before the start of experiment
- No. of organisms per vessel: 8 fishes

OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Photoperiod: 16 hours light and 8 hours dark

Reference substance (positive control):

not specified

Key result

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LC0

Effect conc.:

100 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Remarks on result:

other: mortality was not observed

Sublethal observations / clinical signs:

8.1. Mortality and symptoms

Nominal	Number of		Mortality (cumulated) after
Concentration fish			3 h					6 h				24h			48h		72h		96h
(mg/l)			V1		V2			V1	V2			V1	V2		V1	V2	V1	V2	V1	V2
Control	4	4	-		-			-	-			-	-		-	-	-	-	-	-
6.25	4	4	-		-			-	-			-	-		-	-	-	-	-	-
12.5	4	4	-		-			-	-			-	-		-	-	-	-	-	-
25	4	4	-		-			-	-			-	-		-	-	-	-	-	-
50	4	4	-		-			-	-			-	-		-	-	-	-	-	-
100	4	4	-		-			-	-			-	-		-	-	-	-	-	-

Visible Symptoms:

Nominal Concentration (mg/l)

Number of fish

symptom (cumulated) after

3h

6h

24h

48h

72h

96h

V1

V2

V1

V2

V1

V2

V1

V2

V1

V2

V1

V2

Control

4

4

NS4

NS4

NS4

NS4

NS4

NS4

NS4

NS4

NS4

NS4

NS4

NS4

6.25

4

4

NS4

NS4

NS4

NS4

NS4

NS4

NS4

NS4

NS4

NS4

NS4

NS4

12.5

4

4

NS4

NS4

NS4

NS4

NS4

NS4

NS4

NS4

NS4

NS4

NS4

NS4

25

4

4

NS4

NS4

NS4

NS4

NS4

NS4

NS4

NS4

NS4

NS4

NS4

NS4

50

4

4

NS4

NS4

NS4

NS4

NS4

NS4

NS4

NS4

NS4

NS4

NS4

NS4

100

4

4

NS4

NS4

NS4

NS4

NS4

NS4

NS4

NS4

NS4

NS4

NS4

NS4

Explanation of symptoms:

A: apathy

N: Narcotic-like state

C: Swimming near water surface

M: Slow movements compared to control

NS: No abnormal symptoms

S: Surfacing behaviour

L: Loss of equilibrium

SM: Shimming movement

H1: Hyperactivity

H2: Hypo activity

B: Bending behavior

F: Fin rot

IS: Invert Swimming

SB: Swimming behaviour

RF: Respiratory Function

P: Pigmentation

8.2. pH and oxygen content:

Nominal Concentration (mg/l)	Number of fish		pH readings after
			24h		48h		72h		96h
			V1	V2	V1	V2	V1	V2	V1	V2
Control	4	4	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
1.39	4	4	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
2.09	4	4	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
3.14	4	4	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
4.72	4	4	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
7.08	4	4	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

Nominal	Number of fish		Oxygen content (mg/L) after
ConcentratioN			24h		48h		72h		96h
(mg/l)			V1	V2	V1	V2	V1	V2	V1	V2
Control	4	4	6.9	6.9	6.8	6.8	6.7	6.7	6.6	6.6
6.25	4	4	6.8	6.8	6.7	6.7	6.6	6.6	6.5	6.5
12.5	4	4	6.8	6.8	6.7	6.7	6.6	6.6	6.5	6.5
25	4	4	6.8	6.8	6.7	6.7	6.6	6.6	6.5	6.5
50	4	4	6.8	6.8	6.7	6.7	6.6	6.6	6.5	6.5
100	4	4	6.8	6.8	6.7	6.7	6.6	6.6	6.5	6.5

8.3. Test temperature

Nominal	Number of		Temperature (°C) after
Concentrationfish			24h		48h		72h		96h
(mg/l)			V1	V2	V1	V2	V1	V2	V1	V2
Control	4	4	22.7	22.7	22.9	22.9	23.2	23.2	23.9	23.9
6.25	4	4	22.7	22.7	22.9	22.9	23.2	23.2	23.9	23.9
12.5	4	4	22.7	22.7	22.9	22.9	23.2	23.2	23.9	23.9
25	4	4	22.7	22.7	22.9	22.9	23.2	23.2	23.9	23.9
50	4	4	22.7	22.7	22.9	22.9	23.2	23.2	23.9	23.9
100	4	4	22.7	22.7	22.9	22.9	23.2	23.2	23.9	23.9

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Conclusions:

Based on nominal concentrations, experimental median lethal Concentrations [LC-0 (96 h)] for test material on Zebra Fish Danio rerio was determine to be 100 mg/l.

Executive summary:

Study was conducted to assess the effect of test chemical on the mortality of fish Danio rerio. Test conducted according to OECD Guideline 203 (Fish, Acute Toxicity Test). The stock solution was prepared by dissolving 1 g of the test substance in 1 liters of potable water (passed through reverse osmosis system) with continuous one hour of stirring for achieving test concentrations of 6.25 mg/L,12.5 mg/L,25 mg/L,50 mg/L,100 mg/L, respectively and Zebra FishDanio reriowere exposed to these concentration for 96 hours.Bowl aquaria containing 2 liters of potable water (passed through reverse osmosis system) were loaded with 8 fishes. A static procedure was used for the study and it was conducted in compliance with the OECD guideline 203. After 96 hours of exposure to test item to various nominal test concentrations 6.25 mg/L,12.5mg/L,25mg/L,50mg/L,100mg/L, LC0 was determine to be 100 mg/l . Based on the LC0, it can be consider that the chemical was not toxic and can be consider to be not classified as per the CLP classification criteria.

Description of key information

Short term toxicity to fish:

Study was conducted to assess the effect of test chemical on the mortality of fish Danio rerio. Test conducted according to OECD Guideline 203 (Fish, Acute Toxicity Test).The stock solution was prepared by dissolving 1 g of the test substance in 1 liters of potable water (passed through reverse osmosis system) with continuous one hour of stirring for achieving test concentrations of 6.25 mg/L,12.5 mg/L,25 mg/L,50 mg/L,100 mg/L, respectivelyand Zebra FishDanio reriowere exposed to these concentration for 96 hours.Bowl aquaria containing 2 liters of potable water (passed through reverse osmosis system) were loaded with 8 fishes. A static procedure was used for the study and it was conducted in compliance with the OECD guideline 203. After 96 hours of exposure to test item to various nominal test concentrations6.25 mg/L,12.5mg/L,25mg/L,50mg/L,100mg/L, LC0 was determine to be 100 mg/l . Based on the LC0, it can be consider that the chemical was not toxic and can be consider to be not classified as per the CLP classification criteria.

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Fresh water fish

Fresh water fish

Effect concentration:

100 mg/L

Additional information

Short term toxicity to fish:

The effect of test material on fish was observed based on the results from experimental study and data from peer reviewed journal.

In the experimental study , the effect of test chemical on the mortality of fish Danio rerio. Test conducted according to OECD Guideline 203 (Fish, Acute Toxicity Test).The stock solution was prepared by dissolving 1 g of the test substance in 1 liters of potable water (passed through reverse osmosis system) with continuous one hour of stirring for achieving test concentrations of 6.25 mg/L,12.5 mg/L,25 mg/L,50 mg/L,100 mg/L, respectivelyand Zebra FishDanio reriowere exposed to these concentration for 96 hours.Bowl aquaria containing 2 liters of potable water (passed through reverse osmosis system) were loaded with 8 fishes. A static procedure was used for the study and it was conducted in compliance with the OECD guideline 203. After 96 hours of exposure to test item to various nominal test concentrations6.25 mg/L,12.5mg/L,25mg/L,50mg/L,100mg/L, LC0 was determine to be 100 mg/l . Based on the LC0, it can be consider that the chemical was not toxic and can be consider to be not classified as per the CLP classification criteria.

The above experimental study was further supported by data from peer reviewed journal , the short term toxicity test was performed on Petromyzon marinus treated with test material for 24 hrs. The chemical concentration used was 5mg/l and no adverse effect was observed so, it was concluded that the LC 0 value for Petromyzon marinus was found to be 5mg/l after treatment with test material.

Based on the median lethal effect concentrtaion value obtained from experimental reports , it can be concluded that test substance is not toxic to fish , and also considering the property of redialy degradebility of test substance , it is considered to be not classified as per CLP criteria.