Potassium O-isobutyl dithiocarbonate

Acute Toxicity: dermal

Administrative data

Endpoint:

acute toxicity: dermal

Type of information:

migrated information: read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Data source

Reference

Reference 1

Reference Type:

study report

Title:

Unnamed

Year:

1951

Reference 2

Reference Type:

review article or handbook

Title:

Priority existing chemical Report No. 5

Author:

Dep. of Health and Ageing, Australian Government

Year:

1995

Bibliographic source:

National Industrial Chemicals Notification and Assessment Scheme

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Qualifier:

no guideline followed

Principles of method if other than guideline:

This study was conducted in 1951 and was repeated later in the same year. Exposure in both studies was for 18 hrs and was not according to the OECD Guidelines for acute dermal irritation (4 hrs) or for dermal toxicity (24 hrs). The initial study was performed to assess dermal irritation but deaths during the study led to further studies. Sodium ethyl xanthate was administered by occlusive application to the shaved abdomen of the rabbits either as 1.0 ml/kg of a 10% aqueous solution or as 1 gm/kg of the 100% dry material in a paste formed with water. The animals were observed for 12 days.

GLP compliance:

no

Test type:

other: LD50

Limit test:

no

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

Sodium O-ethyl dithiocarbonate

EC Number:

205-440-9

EC Name:

Sodium O-ethyl dithiocarbonate

Cas Number:

140-90-9

IUPAC Name:

sodium O-ethyl dithiocarbonate

Constituent 2

Reference substance name:

sodium ethyl xanthate

IUPAC Name:

sodium ethyl xanthate

Test material form:

other: paste and 10% aqueous solution

Details on test material:

- Name of test material (as cited in study report):sodium ethyl xanthate

Test animals

Species:

rabbit

Strain:

not specified

Sex:

male

Administration / exposure

Type of coverage:

occlusive

Vehicle:

water

Details on dermal exposure:

Sodium ethyl xanthate was administered by occlusive application to the shaved abdomen of the rabbits either as 1.0 ml/kg of a 10% aqueous solution or as 1 gm/kg of the 100% dry material in a paste formed with water. The animals were observed for 12 days.

Duration of exposure:

The animals were observed for 12 days.

Doses:

1.0 ml/kg of a 10% aqueous solution or as 1 gm/kg

No. of animals per sex per dose:

12

Control animals:

yes

Details on study design:

This study was conducted in 1951 and was repeated later in the same year. Exposure in both studies was for 18 hrs and was not according to the OECD Guidelines for acute dermal irritation (4 hrs)or for dermal toxicity (24 hrs).The initial study was performed to assess dermal irritation but deaths during the study led to further studies. Sodium ethyl xanthate was administered by occlusive application to the shaved abdomen of the rabbits either as 1.0 ml/kg of a 10% aqueous solution or as 1 gm/kg of the 100% dry material in a paste formed with water. The animals were observed for 12 days.

Results and discussion

Effect levels

Sex:

male

Dose descriptor:

LD50

Effect level:

< 1 000 mg/kg bw

Based on:

test mat.

Remarks on result:

other: The dermal irritation/toxicity study in rabbits indicates that sodium ethyl xanthate powder has an LD50 of <1000 mg/kg and is a moderate irritant while the 10% solution is non irritating to the skin.

Mortality:

Application of 1 gm/kg of sodium ethyl xanthate in the form of a paste resulted in the death of ten out of twelve animals within 24 hrs. The surviving animals developed irritant effects including oedema and pigmentation of the skin.

Clinical signs:

other: Clinical Observations :surviving animal had moderate irritation with oedema and pigmentation of the skin.

Gross pathology:

Moderate amount of peritoneal fluid, visceral organs were normal.
Haemorrhagic lungs and peritoneal and pleural fluid. Other changes were markedly cyanotic ears (2/5), haemorrhagic conditions (2/5) and evidence of diarrhoea (3/5).
The liver appeared darkand mottled and the kidneys showed spotty haemorrhages

Any other information on results incl. tables

The dermal irritation/toxicity study in rabbits indicates that sodium ethyl xanthate powder has an LD50 of <1000 mg/kg and is a moderate irritant while the10% solution is non irritating to the skin.

Table 4:	Effects of sodium ethyl xanthate following dermal application
Animals	Dose	Clinical Observations	Gross pathology
3 rabbits	1 ml/kg, as 10% solution	No skin irritation.	No substance related changes.
3 rabbits	1 gm/kg, as a paste	2/3 died; surviving animalhad moderate irritationwith oedema andpigmentation of the skin.	Moderate amount of peritoneal fluid, visceral organs were normal.
5 male rabbits	1 gm/kg, as a paste	5/5 died following overnight exposure; oedemaof the skin with pigmentation.	Haemorrhagic lungs andperitoneal and pleural fluid. Other changes were markedly cyanotic ears (2/5), haemorrhagic conditions (2/5) and evidence of diarrhoea (3/5).
1 male rabbit	1 gm/kg, as a more liquid paste than above	Moderate oedema and pigmentation of the skin.	No substance related changes.
3 rabbits	1 gm/kg as a paste	All 3 animals died within24 hrs; retropulsion,salivation, loss of rightingreflex and haemorrhagicand oedematous areas of the skin were noted.	The liver appeared dark and mottled and the kidneysshowed spotty haemorrhages.

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Interpretation of results:

moderately toxic

Remarks:

Migrated information Criteria used for interpretation of results: EU

Conclusions:

Acute Dermal Toxicity: An LD50 value of < 1000 mg/kg was obtained. Application of 1 gm/kg of sodium ethyl xanthate in the form of a paste resulted in the death of ten out of twelve animals within 24 hrs. The surviving animals developed irritant effects including oedema and pigmentation of the skin. The sulphide odour noted during the study suggests that decomposition of sodium ethyl xanthate occurred. The dermal LD50 was < 1000 mg/kg . This show that Potassium Isobutyl Xanthate (the result was read across from sodium ethyl xanthate) is of a moderately order of acute Dermal toxicity .

Executive summary:

Under the conditions of the study of Hazleton Laboratories, application of 10% solution of sodium ethyl xanthate (pH 10.5 to 11) for 18 hrs did not cause skin irritation in rabbits.

Similar application of 1 gm/kg of sodium ethyl xanthate in the form of a paste resulted in the death of ten out of twelve animals within 24 hrs. The surviving animals developed irritant effects including oedema and pigmentation of the skin. The sulphide odour noted during the study suggests that decomposition of sodium ethyl xanthate occurred. The dermal LD50 was < 1000 mg/kg.

This show that Potassium Isobutyl Xanthate (the result was read across from sodium ethyl xanthate) is of a moderately order of acute Dermal toxicity .