Alkenes, C11-14

Toxicological Summary

Workers - Hazard via inhalation route

Systemic effects

Acute/short term exposure

DNEL related information

Local effects

Acute/short term exposure

DNEL related information

Workers - Hazard via dermal route

Systemic effects

Acute/short term exposure

DNEL related information

Additional information - workers

Isomerised olefins; alpha, internal, linear and branched – multiple carbon numbers were not acutely toxic when administered via oral, dermal, or inhalation routes in several animal studies. Hence, these substances do not meet the classification and labelling criteria for acute oral, dermal, or inhalation toxicants according to EU DSD/DPD 67/548/EEC or CLP EU Regulation 1272/2008 (GHS aligned) criteria; therefore short-term DNELs were not derived for these endpoints. 

Regulatory classification and labeling for aspiration toxicity relies on the measured or calculated kinematic viscosity of a substance at 40°C rather than results from toxicological studies with animals. There are no viscosity data available for alkenes, C11-14.  However, read-across viscosity data was available for octadecene, a single carbon number isomerised olefin. The reported kinematic viscosity for octadecene was 3.44 mm²/sec at 40°C (Chilworth Technology Limited, 2010).The discriminating thresholds for classification for aspiration toxicity are 7 mm²/sec and 20.5 mm²/sec for EU DSD/DPD 67/548/EEC and CLP EU Regulation 1272/2008 (GHS aligned), respectively. Based on the read-across strategy used for isomerised olefins, it is inferred that alkenes, C11-14 be classified and labelled as R65: Harmful, may cause lung damage if swallowed, according to EU DSD/DPD 67/548/EEC and Category 1; H304: May be fatal if swallowed and enters airway according to EU CLP Regulation 1272/2008 (GHS aligned). A DNEL is neither feasible nor appropriate for this endpoint.

One repeated dose/developmental/reproductive screening study in rats, available for alkenes, C6 (Thorsrud, 2003) reported no adverse effects on fertility or developmental parameters at the highest dose tested (1000 mg/kg). Results from developmental/reproductive screening studies conducted on other olefin substances such as octadecene (isomerised olefins; alpha, internal, linear and branched - single carbon number, Thorsrud, 2003), hex-1-ene (linear alpha olefins, Daniel, 1995 (a)), and tetradec-1-ene (linear alpha olefins, Daniel, 1995 (b)) were also negative for effects on fertility and development. The weight of evidence presented by these studies suggests that higher olefin substances, as a group, are unlikely to present a significant hazard potential to fertility and development. 

 

Workers

A worker-DNEL_{long-term for dermal route-systemic} and worker-DNEL_{long term for inhalation route-systemic} were not derived for multiple carbon number isomerised olefins because no adverse findings relevant to human health risk assessment were found in good quality, high reliability repeated oral dose studies with alkenes, C6, alkenes, C16-18, and two studies with alkenes, C20-C24 at limit doses of 1000 mg/kg bw/day (Thorsrud, 1993; Clubb, 2000, Dunster et al., 2008, and Brooker, 1999) and in a read-across 90-day repeated inhalation dose study with linear alpha olefin, hex-1-ene (Bennick et al., 1984).  These results indicate that isomerised olefins with a range of carbon numbers, as a class, possess an inherently low hazard potential with regard to human health. Therefore, derivation of long-term DNELs is unnecessary. A worker-DNEL_{long-term for oral route-systemic} was not calculated for multiple carbon number isomerised olefins because oral exposure to these substances was not considered a relevant route of exposure for a worker population.

General Population - Hazard via inhalation route

Systemic effects

Acute/short term exposure

DNEL related information

Local effects

Acute/short term exposure

DNEL related information

General Population - Hazard via dermal route

Systemic effects

Acute/short term exposure

DNEL related information

General Population - Hazard via oral route

Systemic effects

Acute/short term exposure

DNEL related information

Additional information - General Population

General Poplulation

General population DNELs for acute effects were not derived because such effects were not considered relevant for general population exposures to isomerised olefins with a range of carbon numbers. A general population-DNEL_{long-term for oral route-systemic}, general population-DNEL_{long-term for dermal route-systemic}, and general population-DNEL_{long term for inhalation route-systemic}were not derived for multiple carbon number isomerised olefins because no adverse findings relevant to human health risk assessment were found in good quality, high reliability repeated oral dose studies with alkenes, C6, alkenes,C16-18, and two studies with alkenes, C20-C24 at limit doses of 1000 mg/kg bw/day (Thorsrud, 1993; Clubb, 2000, Dunster et al., 2008, and Brooker, 1999) and in a read-across 90-day repeated inhalation dose study with linear alpha olefin, hex-1-ene (Bennick et al., 1984). These results indicate that isomerised olefins with a range of carbon numbers, as a class, possess an inherently low hazard potential with regard to human health. Therefore, derivation of long-term DNELs is unnecessary.