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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 940-595-2 | CAS number: -
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Repeated dose toxicity: oral
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- short-term repeated dose toxicity: oral
- Type of information:
- migrated information: read-across based on grouping of substances (category approach)
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Acceptable, well-documented study report which meets basic scientific principles.
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Hydrocarbon nephropathy in male rats: identification of the nephrotoxic components of unleaded gasoline.
- Author:
- Halder CA, et al. (1985)
- Year:
- 1 985
- Bibliographic source:
- Toxicol. Ind. Health 1:67-87
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: as detailed in publication
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Limit test:
- yes
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- 86290-81-5
- Cas Number:
- 86290-81-5
- IUPAC Name:
- 86290-81-5
- Reference substance name:
- unleaded gasoline
- IUPAC Name:
- unleaded gasoline
- Test material form:
- other: low viscosity liquid hydrocarbon
- Details on test material:
- See attachment for details of paraffins, naphthenes, olefines, aromatics, indans/tetralins, naphthalenes and Carbon number
Chemical composition of representative naphtha refinery streams using blending unleaded gasoline.
Constituent 1
Constituent 2
Test animals
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- Fischer 344
- Sex:
- male
Administration / exposure
- Route of administration:
- oral: gavage
- Vehicle:
- unchanged (no vehicle)
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 28 days
- Frequency of treatment:
- once daily, 5 days per week
Doses / concentrationsopen allclose all
- Remarks:
- Doses / Concentrations:
500 mg/kg/day
Basis:
actual ingested
- Remarks:
- Doses / Concentrations:
2000 mg/kg/day
Basis:
actual ingested
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- 10 rats/dose
- Control animals:
- yes
Results and discussion
Results of examinations
- Clinical signs:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Mortality:
- mortality observed, treatment-related
- Body weight and weight changes:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):
- not specified
- Food efficiency:
- not specified
- Water consumption and compound intake (if drinking water study):
- not specified
- Ophthalmological findings:
- not specified
- Haematological findings:
- not specified
- Clinical biochemistry findings:
- not specified
- Urinalysis findings:
- not specified
- Behaviour (functional findings):
- not specified
- Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:
- not specified
- Gross pathological findings:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Histopathological findings: non-neoplastic:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Histopathological findings: neoplastic:
- not specified
- Details on results:
- CLINICAL SIGNS AND MORTALITY: There were no deaths. The dosages were well tolerated, with lethargy being the prominent clinical sign of toxicity.
BODY WEIGHT AND WEIGHT GAIN: The high dose group exhibited statistically significantly lower body weight gains than the saline control group.
GROSS PATHOLOGY: The most common pathologic findings were confined to the kidneys, stomachs, and, to a lesser degree, the livers. Stomach lesions appeared related to the irritant effect of the hydrocarbons on the stomach lining. Such lesions included erythema, erosion of the gastric mucosa, rasied discolored foci on the gastric epithelial lining and ulceration. The severity and incidence of these lesions were generally dose-related.
HISTOPATHOLOGY: NON-NEOPLASTIC: Renal: The test material induced a strong nephrotoxic response at both doses which was characterized by (a) hyaline droplet accumulation in the cytoplasm of epithelial lining cells of the proximal convoluted tubules, (b) degeneration or regeneration of the epithelial cells in the renal cortex, and (c) the development of granular proteinaceous casts in the lumina of tubules located between the inner and outer stripe of the medulla.
Effect levels
- Remarks on result:
- other: see Details on results
Target system / organ toxicity
- Critical effects observed:
- not specified
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- The procedure was designed to investigate hydrocarbon nephropathy. Unleaded gasoline was used as positive control.
- Executive summary:
Four naphtha streams, among fifteen hydrocarbon compounds, were administered to two groups of male Fischer 344 rats by oral gavage at the dose levels of 500 mg/kg/day and 2000 mg/kg/day five days per week for four weeks. The procedure was designed to investigate hydrocarbon nephropathy. Animals in both groups experienced lethargy and significantly lower body weight gain was observed in the animals at the high-dose group. The only histopathological difference found was in the kidneys of all male rats. The kidney effects observed in male rats are indicative of alpha-2u-globulin nephropathy. These kidney effects are specific to male rats and are not considered to be of biological relevance to humans. Unleaded gasoline induced a strong nephrotoxic response.
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