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EC number: 222-619-7 | CAS number: 3558-60-9
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
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- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
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- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
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- Additional toxicological data

Biodegradation in water: screening tests
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Justification for type of information:
- Experimental result using OECD guidelines.
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 301 D (Ready Biodegradability: Closed Bottle Test)
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Biodegradation study was conducted according to OECD Guideline 301 D (Ready Biodegradability: Closed Bottle Test) for evaluating the percentage biodegradability of test chemical.
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Oxygen conditions:
- not specified
- Inoculum or test system:
- other: Mixed inoculum
- Details on inoculum:
- Mixed Inoculum Preparation:Polyseed were used for this study. 1 polyseed capsule was added in 500 ml D.I water and then stirred for 1 hour for proper mixing and functioning of inoculum. This gave the bacterial count as 10E7 to 10E8 CFU/ml. At the regular interval microbial plating was also performed on agar to confirm the vitality and CFU count of microorganism.
- Duration of test (contact time):
- 42 d
- Initial conc.:
- 4 mg/L
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
- O2 consumption
- Details on study design:
- TEST CONDITIONS
- Composition of medium: OECD mineral medium was used for the study
- Test temperature: 20°C
- Continuous darkness: Yes
- Other: The water used in this study is deionized water.
TEST SYSTEM
- Culturing apparatus: The apparatus used in this study is BOD bottles; with glass stoppers (125 ml), BOD incubator & oxygen electrode and meter.
CONTROL AND BLANK SYSTEM
- Inoculum blank: it contains only test inoculum
- Procedure control: contains reference compound and inoculum
- Reference substance:
- other: Sodium Benzoate
- Key result
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Value:
- 45.18
- Sampling time:
- 42 d
- Remarks on result:
- other: Other details not known
- Details on results:
- The oxygen consumed by the test systems was corrected for oxygen consumption occurring in the blank test systems.The BOD Values (mgO2/mg) and percent biodegradation results for each test system are reported in Tables 2 and 3, respectively. The BOD42 value of test chemical was observed to be 1.23 mgO2/mg. ThOD was determined by calculation as 2.7 mgO2/mg. % degradation was calculated using the values of BOD and ThOD for test item and was determined to be 45.18% at 20 ± 1°C. The % degradation of procedure control (reference item) was also calculated using BOD & ThOD and was determined to be 78.31%. Degradation of Sodium Benzoate exceeds 42.16% on 7 days & 63.25% on 14th day. The activity of the inoculum was thus verified and the test can be considered as valid.
- Results with reference substance:
- The % degradation of procedure control (reference item) was also calculated using BOD & ThOD and was determined to be 78.31%. Degradation of Sodium Benzoate exceeds 42.16% on 7 days & 63.25% on 14th day. The activity of the inoculum was thus verified and the test can be considered as valid.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Interpretation of results:
- other: ultimate inherently biodegradable
- Conclusions:
- The test chemical undergoes 45.18% biodegradation after 42 days in the test condition. Thus, the test chemical was considered to be ultimate inherently biodegradable in nature.
- Executive summary:
42-days Closed Bottle test following the OECD guideline 301 D to determine the ready biodegradability of the test chemical. The study was performed at a temperature of 20°C. The test system included control, test item and reference item. Polyseed were used for this study. The concentration of test and reference item (Sodium Benzoate) chosen for both the study was 4 mg/L, while that of inoculum was 32 ml/l . OECD mineral medium was used for the study. ThOD (Theoretical oxygen demand) of test and reference item was determined by calculation. % degradation was calculated using the values of BOD and ThOD for test item and reference item. The % degradation of procedure control (reference item) was also calculated using BOD & ThOD and was determined to be 78.31%. Degradation of Sodium Benzoate exceeds 42.16% on 7 days & 63.25% on 14th day. The activity of the inoculum was thus verified and the test can be considered as valid.The BOD42 value of test chemical was observed to be 1.22 mgO2/mg. ThOD was calculated as 2.70 mgO2/mg. Accordingly, the % degradation of the test item after 42 days of incubation at 20 ± 1°C according to Closed Bottle test was determined to be 45.98%. Based on the results, the test item, under the test conditions, was considered to be ultimate inherently biodegradable in nature.
Reference
TABLE 1: D.O Values (mg/L)
No. of Days |
Inoculum Blank (Control) |
Test Suspension |
Procedure Control (Reference Item) |
0 |
7 |
6.7 |
7 |
7 |
6.8 |
4.5 |
4 |
14 |
6.5 |
1.5 |
2.3 |
21 |
6.2 |
1 |
1.5 |
28 |
5.9 |
0.6 |
0.6 |
35 |
5.8 |
0.4 |
0.3 |
42 |
5.4 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
TABLE 2: BOD Values (mg O2/mg)
No. of Days |
Test Suspension |
Procedure Control (Reference Item) |
0 |
0 |
0 |
7 |
0.5 |
0.7 |
14 |
1.17 |
1.05 |
21 |
1.22 |
1.17 |
28 |
1.25 |
1.32 |
35 |
1.27 |
1.37 |
42 |
1.22 |
1.3 |
TABLE 3: PERCENT BIODEGRDATION RESULTS
No. of Days |
Test Suspension |
Procedure Control (Reference Item) |
0 |
0% |
0% |
7 |
18.51% |
42.16% |
14 |
43.33% |
63.25% |
21 |
45.18% |
70.48% |
28 |
46.29% |
79.51% |
35 |
47.03% |
82.53% |
42 |
45.18% |
78.31% |
Table 4: BOD42, THOD AND % BIODEGRADATION VALUES
Method details |
BOD42(mgO2/mg) |
ThOD (mgO2/mg) |
%Biodegradation |
Test Item |
1.23 |
2.7 |
45.18 |
Reference Item |
1.30 |
1.66 |
78.31 |
Description of key information
1: The test chemical undergoes 45.18% biodegradation after 42 days in the test condition. Thus, the test chemical was considered to be ultimate inherently biodegradable in nature.
WoE 2: Biodegradation study was conducted for 14 days to calculate the BOD, TOC and % degradation of test material during exposure period. Activated sludge of 30 mg/L conc was taken as inoculum and initial concentration of the test material was 100 mg/L. Test material analysis was done by GC. % degardation based on BOD was found to be 54.6. hence it can be concluded that the test item is not readily biodegradable.
WoE 3: Biodegradation study was conducted for 14 days to calculate the BOD, TOC and % degradation of test material during exposure period. Activated sludge of 30 mg/L conc was taken as inoculum and initial concentration of the test material was 100 mg/L. Test material analysis was done by GC. % degardation based on BOD was found to be 56. hence it can be concluded that the test item is not readily biodegradable.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Biodegradation in water:
- inherently biodegradable
- Type of water:
- freshwater
Additional information
1: 42-days Closed Bottle test following the OECD guideline 301 D to determine the ready biodegradability of the test chemical (Experimental study report, 2018). The study was performed at a temperature of 20°C. The test system included control, test item and reference item. Polyseed were used for this study. The concentration of test and reference item (Sodium Benzoate) chosen for both the study was 4 mg/L, while that of inoculum was 32 ml/l. OECD mineral medium was used for the study. ThOD (Theoretical oxygen demand) of test and reference item was determined by calculation. % degradation was calculated using the values of BOD and ThOD for test item and reference item. The % degradation of procedure control (reference item) was also calculated using BOD & ThOD and was determined to be 78.31%. Degradation of Sodium Benzoate exceeds 42.16% on 7 days & 63.25% on 14th day. The activity of the inoculum was thus verified and the test can be considered as valid. The BOD42 value of test chemical was observed to be 1.22 mgO2/mg. ThOD was calculated as 2.70 mgO2/mg. Accordingly, the % degradation of the test item after 42 days of incubation at 20 ± 1°C according to Closed Bottle test was determined to be 45.98%. Based on the results, the test item, under the test conditions, was considered to be ultimate inherently biodegradable in nature.
WoE 2: Biodegradation study was conducted for 14 days to calculate the BOD, TOC and % degradation of test material during exposure period. Activated sludge of 30 mg/L conc was taken as inoculum and initial concentration of the test material was 100 mg/L. Test material analysis was done by GC. % degardation based on BOD was found to be 54.6. hence it can be concluded that the test item is not readily biodegradable.
WoE 3: Biodegradation study was conducted for 14 days to calculate the BOD, TOC and % degradation of test material during exposure period. Activated sludge of 30 mg/L conc was taken as inoculum and initial concentration of the test material was 100 mg/L. Test material analysis was done by GC. % degardation based on BOD was found to be 56. hence it can be concluded that the test item is not readily biodegradable.
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