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Ecotoxicological information

Long-term toxicity to fish

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Administrative data

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Endpoint:
fish early-life stage toxicity
Type of information:
read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
Adequacy of study:
key study
Reliability:
2 (reliable with restrictions)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
other: Data from EU Risk Assessment Report.
Justification for type of information:
According to handbook data, isocyanates react rapidly with water forming aminic structures as well as carbamic acids, which are mostly unstable, and ureas under release of carbon dioxide. Monitoring the amine formation in hydrolysis studies gives a picture of the degradation of the isocyanate. This behaviour of isocyanates has been used in studies to determine the rate of degradation*. In Guidance on IR & CSA Chapter R.6 it is mentioned that degradation products instead of parent substance can be investigated for ecotoxicological effects if the hydrolysis is very rapidly (t1/2 <1 h), OECD Guidance Document on Aquatic Toxicity Testing of Difficult Substances and Mixtures (2000) and Guidance on IR & CSA Chapter R.7b state the same. As phenyl isocyanate hydrolyses to aniline this is the ecotoxicological relevant species. Concluding, tests performed using the corresponding amine can equally be used to assess the ecotoxicological hazards of phenyl isocyanate. An underestimation of environmental hazards is thus avoided supporting a conservative and thus protective hazard assessment.
* Bayer Industry Services (2004), 4-chlorophenyl-isocyanate: Investigation on Stability in Aqueous Test Solutions. Project No: 200300181. Leverkusen, Germany.
Bayer Industry Services (2003), Isopropyl isocyanate: Investigation on Stability in Aqueous Test Solutions. Project No: 200300095. Leverkusen, Germany.
Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
read-across: supporting information
Principles of method if other than guideline:
Early life stage test, no further information
GLP compliance:
not specified
Analytical monitoring:
yes
Details on sampling:
Test concentrations were measured twice per week
Vehicle:
not specified
Test organisms (species):
Pimephales promelas
Details on test organisms:
- embryos (< 24 h)
Test type:
flow-through
Water media type:
freshwater
Limit test:
no
Total exposure duration:
32 d
Details on test conditions:
observations: survival, hatching, growth (length, weight)
Duration:
32 d
Dose descriptor:
NOEC
Effect conc.:
0.39 mg/L
Basis for effect:
other: wet weight and total length
Duration:
32 d
Dose descriptor:
other: chronic value
Effect conc.:
0.557 mg/L
Basis for effect:
other: wet weight and total length
Remarks on result:
other: chronic value: geometric mean of NOEC and LOEC
Details on results:
- most sensitive endpoints: wet weight and total length
Validity criteria fulfilled:
not specified
Conclusions:
In a flow-through study the long-term toxicity to fish (pimephales promelas, embryos (< 24 h)) of aniline was measured during 32 days and a NOEC of 0.39 mg/L was determined
Executive summary:

In a flow-through study the long-term toxicity to fish (pimephales promelas, embryos (< 24 h)) of aniline was measured during 32 days and a NOEC of 0.39 mg/L was determined.

According to handbook data, isocyanates react rapidly with water forming aminic structures as well as carbamic acids, which are mostly unstable, and ureas under release of carbon dioxide. Monitoring the amine formation in hydrolysis studies gives a picture of the degradation of the isocyanate. This behaviour of isocyanates has been used in studies to determine the rate of degradation*. In Guidance on IR & CSA Chapter R.6 it is mentioned that degradation products instead of parent substance can be investigated for ecotoxicological effects if the hydrolysis is very rapidly (t1/2 <1 h), OECD Guidance Document on Aquatic Toxicity Testing of Difficult Substances and Mixtures (2000) and Guidance on IR & CSA Chapter R.7b state the same. As phenyl isocyanate hydrolyses to aniline this is the ecotoxicological relevant species. Concluding, tests performed using the corresponding amine can equally be used to assess the ecotoxicological hazards of phenyl isocyanate. An underestimation of environmental hazards is thus avoided supporting a conservative and thus protective hazard assessment.

* Bayer Industry Services (2004), 4-chlorophenyl-isocyanate: Investigation on Stability in Aqueous Test Solutions. Project No: 200300181. Leverkusen, Germany.

Bayer Industry Services (2003), Isopropyl isocyanate: Investigation on Stability in Aqueous Test Solutions. Project No: 200300095. Leverkusen, Germany.

Endpoint:
fish early-life stage toxicity
Type of information:
read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
Adequacy of study:
key study
Justification for type of information:
According to handbook data, isocyanates react rapidly with water forming aminic structures as well as carbamic acids, which are mostly unstable, and ureas under release of carbon dioxide. Monitoring the amine formation in hydrolysis studies gives a picture of the degradation of the isocyanate. This behaviour of isocyanates has been used in studies to determine the rate of degradation*. In Guidance on IR & CSA Chapter R.6 it is mentioned that degradation products instead of parent substance can be investigated for ecotoxicological effects if the hydrolysis is very rapidly (t1/2 <1 h), OECD Guidance Document on Aquatic Toxicity Testing of Difficult Substances and Mixtures (2000) and Guidance on IR & CSA Chapter R.7b state the same. As phenyl isocyanate hydrolyses to aniline this is the ecotoxicological relevant species. Concluding, tests performed using the corresponding amine can equally be used to assess the ecotoxicological hazards of phenyl isocyanate. An underestimation of environmental hazards is thus avoided supporting a conservative and thus protective hazard assessment.
* Bayer Industry Services (2004), 4-chlorophenyl-isocyanate: Investigation on Stability in Aqueous Test Solutions. Project No: 200300181. Leverkusen, Germany.
Bayer Industry Services (2003), Isopropyl isocyanate: Investigation on Stability in Aqueous Test Solutions. Project No: 200300095. Leverkusen, Germany.
Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
read-across source
Duration:
32 d
Dose descriptor:
NOEC
Effect conc.:
0.39 mg/L
Basis for effect:
other: wet weight and total length
Duration:
32 d
Dose descriptor:
other: chronic value
Effect conc.:
0.557 mg/L
Basis for effect:
other: wet weight and total length
Remarks on result:
other: chronic value: geometric mean of NOEC and LOEC
Conclusions:
In a flow-through study the long-term toxicity to fish (pimephales promelas, embryos (< 24 h)) of aniline was measured during 32 days and a NOEC of 0.39 mg/L was determined
Executive summary:

In a flow-through study the long-term toxicity to fish (pimephales promelas, embryos (< 24 h)) of aniline was measured during 32 days and a NOEC of 0.39 mg/L was determined

According to handbook data, isocyanates react rapidly with water forming aminic structures as well as carbamic acids, which are mostly unstable, and ureas under release of carbon dioxide. Monitoring the amine formation in hydrolysis studies gives a picture of the degradation of the isocyanate. This behaviour of isocyanates has been used in studies to determine the rate of degradation*. In Guidance on IR & CSA Chapter R.6 it is mentioned that degradation products instead of parent substance can be investigated for ecotoxicological effects if the hydrolysis is very rapidly (t1/2 <1 h), OECD Guidance Document on Aquatic Toxicity Testing of Difficult Substances and Mixtures (2000) and Guidance on IR & CSA Chapter R.7b state the same. As phenyl isocyanate hydrolyses to aniline this is the ecotoxicological relevant species. Concluding, tests performed using the corresponding amine can equally be used to assess the ecotoxicological hazards of phenyl isocyanate. An underestimation of environmental hazards is thus avoided supporting a conservative and thus protective hazard assessment.

* Bayer Industry Services (2004), 4-chlorophenyl-isocyanate: Investigation on Stability in Aqueous Test Solutions. Project No: 200300181. Leverkusen, Germany.

Bayer Industry Services (2003), Isopropyl isocyanate: Investigation on Stability in Aqueous Test Solutions. Project No: 200300095. Leverkusen, Germany.

Description of key information

The long-term toxicity to fish (pimephales promelas) of the hydrolysis product aniline was measured during 32 days and a NOEC at 0.39 mg/L was obtained.

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Fresh water fish

Fresh water fish
Effect concentration:
0.39 mg/L

Additional information

No data on long-term toxicity to fish are available for phenylisocyanate. As for the hydrolysis product aniline long-term toxicity studies are available and a read-across approach is applied, based on the following assumption:

According to handbook data, isocyanates react rapidly with water forming aminic structures as well as carbamic acids, which are mostly unstable, and ureas under release of carbon dioxide. Monitoring the amine formation in hydrolysis studies gives a picture of the degradation of the isocyanate. This behaviour of isocyanates has been used in studies to determine the rate of degradation*. In Guidance on IR & CSA Chapter R.6 it is mentioned that degradation products instead of parent substance can be investigated for ecotoxicological effects if the hydrolysis is very rapidly (t1/2 <1 h), OECD Guidance Document on Aquatic Toxicity Testing of Difficult Substances and Mixtures (2000) and Guidance on IR & CSA Chapter R.7b state the same. As phenyl isocyanate hydrolyses to aniline this is the ecotoxicological relevant species. Concluding, tests performed using the corresponding amine can equally be used to assess the ecotoxicological hazards of phenyl isocyanate. An underestimation of environmental hazards is thus avoided supporting a conservative and thus protective hazard assessment.

* Bayer Industry Services (2004), 4-chlorophenyl-isocyanate: Investigation on Stability in Aqueous Test Solutions. Project No: 200300181. Leverkusen, Germany.

Bayer Industry Services (2003), Isopropyl isocyanate: Investigation on Stability in Aqueous Test Solutions. Project No: 200300095. Leverkusen, Germany.

For assessment, only the most reliable and sensitive study is considered for read-across.

The long-term toxicity to fish (pimephales promelas) of aniline was measured during 32 days and a NOEC at 0.39 mg/L was obtained.