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Please be aware that this old REACH registration data factsheet is no longer maintained; it remains frozen as of 19th May 2023.

The new ECHA CHEM database has been released by ECHA, and it now contains all REACH registration data. There are more details on the transition of ECHA's published data to ECHA CHEM here.

Diss Factsheets

Ecotoxicological information

Ecotoxicological Summary

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Administrative data

Hazard for aquatic organisms

Freshwater

Hazard assessment conclusion:
no hazard identified

Marine water

Hazard assessment conclusion:
no hazard identified

STP

Hazard assessment conclusion:
no hazard identified

Sediment (freshwater)

Hazard assessment conclusion:
no hazard identified

Sediment (marine water)

Hazard assessment conclusion:
no hazard identified

Hazard for air

Air

Hazard assessment conclusion:
no hazard identified

Hazard for terrestrial organisms

Soil

Hazard assessment conclusion:
no hazard identified

Hazard for predators

Secondary poisoning

Hazard assessment conclusion:
no potential for bioaccumulation

Additional information

Conclusion on classification

Data available on the short-term toxicity of different iron (hydr)oxides, including micro- and nano-sized iron hydroxide oxide yellow, diiron trioxide, triiron tetraoxide, zinc ferrite brown spinel and manganese ferrite black spinel, to fish (Danio rerio), invertebrates (Daphnia magna) and algae (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata) indicate a low potential for acute toxicity. Respective unbounded EC/LC50 values amount for fish up to > 100 g/L, a concentration that is 1000-fold above the corresponding OECD test limit for acute toxicity, for invertebrates up to > 10 g/L, a concentration that is 100-fold above the corresponding OECD test limit for acute toxicity and > 20 mg/L for algae, and are thus all above classification criteria for acute (short-term) aquatic hazard according to Table 4.1.0 (a) of Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008.


 


Furthermore, chronic toxicity data of diiron trioxide in nanoform indicate a low potential for aquatic toxicity since NOECs available for three trophic levels (algae, invertebrates, fish) are ≥ 10 mg/L, and thus above the corresponding OECD test limit of 10 mg/L for chronic toxicityand above classification criteria for chronic (long-term) aquatic hazard according to Table 4.1.0 (b) of Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008. 


 


Further, soluble iron salts are not considered toxic to the aquatic life, i.e. do not meet CLP classification criteria for Acute (short-term) aquatic hazard and Long-term aquatic hazard. The acute and chronic ecotoxicity reference values (ERVs) for iron (ions) are above the respective CLP classification criteria of 1 mg/Las confirmed by the absence of ecotoxicity reference values for iron (ions) in the Metals classification tool (MeClas) database (Version 5.9 accessed on 22.11.2021).


 


“Where the acute ERV for the metal ions of concern is greater than 1 mg/l the metals need not be considered further in the classification scheme for acute hazard (ECHA, 2017, Section IV.5.2.1 Classification strategy for determining acute aquatic hazard for metals, Guidance on the application of CLP criteria V. 5.0)”. In accordance with Figure IV.4 “Classification strategy for determining acute aquatic hazard for metal compounds” of ECHA Guidance on the Application of the CLP Criteria (Version 5.0, July 2017) and section 4.1.2.10.2. of Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008, iron (hydr)oxides are poorly soluble and do not meet classification criteria for acute (short-term) aquatic hazard. 


 


The acute ERV of manganese ions is with 3.2 mg Mn/L also above 1 mg/L and thus, a concern for short-term (acute) toxicity of manganese ions was also not identified (no classification). Due to the lack of an acute aquatic hazard potential for soluble iron and manganese ions, it can be concluded that the substance manganese ferrite with a maximum manganese content of 20% does also not have an acute aquatic hazard potential.


 


 ”Where the chronic ERV for the metal ions of concern is greater than 1 mg/l, the metals need not be considered further in the classification scheme (ECHA, 2017, Section IV.5.2.2.1 Approach based on available chronic toxicity reference data, Guidance on the application of CLP criteria V. 5.0).” In accordance with Figure IV.5 „Classification strategy for determining long-term aquatic hazard for metal compounds “of ECHA Guidance on the Application of the CLP Criteria (V. 5.0, July 2017) and section 4.1.2.10.2. of Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008, iron (hydr)oxides are poorly soluble and do not meet classification criteria for chronic (long-term) aquatic hazard. 


 


The chronic ERV for manganese is with 0.55 mg Mn/L well above the maximum (theoretically possible) manganese concentration of 200 µg Mn/L that could dissolve during T/D of manganese ferrite (with a maximum manganese content of 20%) after 28 days at a loading of 1 mg/L. Due to the lack of a chronic aquatic hazard potential for soluble iron ions and the fact that the maximum manganese content of manganese ferrite cannot cause a concern for chronic aquatic toxicity, it can be concluded that the substance manganese ferrite does also not have a chronic aquatic hazard potential.


 


The conclusion on a lack of an aquatic hazard potential of iron (hydr)oxides is in accordance with a Tier-1 assessment performed with MECLAS version 5.2 (http://www.meclas.eu/ accessed on 22.11.2021). The Metals Classification Tool (MECLAS) is a web enabled classification tool always updated to the latest classification guidance, legal ruling, information on toxicity references and available self-classifications. 


 


In sum, iron (hydr)oxides (poorly soluble iron oxide category substances incl. manganese ferrite) do not need meet classification criteria of an acute or long-term aquatic hazard of Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008.