2-methoxyethyl acrylate

Endpoint summary

Description of key information

Skin irritation/corrosion: corrosive
Eye irritation: corrosive
Respiratory tract: irritating

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Skin irritation / corrosion

Link to relevant study records

Reference

Reference 1

Endpoint:

skin irritation: in vivo

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

weight of evidence

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Basic data given. An increased application volume of 1 mL was used. Only 4 and 48 h readings were performed; the study was terminated after 48 h. No erythema or edema scores were given.

Qualifier:

equivalent or similar to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 404 (Acute Dermal Irritation / Corrosion)

Deviations:

yes

Remarks:

1mL of the test substance was applied (instead of 0.5 mL); only 4 h and 48 h readings, no scores

Qualifier:

equivalent or similar to guideline

Guideline:

other: 49 CFR 173.1200 Method of testing corrosion to skin

Deviations:

yes

Remarks:

1mL of the test substane was applied (instead of 0.5 mL)

GLP compliance:

no

Species:

rabbit

Strain:

other: New Zealand Albino

Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:

TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Skippack, Farms, Skippack, Pa., USA
- Housing: during the study period, the rabbits were individually housed in stainless steel wire bottomed cages.
- Diet: Fisher Rabbit Pellets, ad libitium
- Water: ad libitum

ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 20.0-22.2
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12/12

Type of coverage:

occlusive

Preparation of test site:

shaved

Vehicle:

unchanged (no vehicle)

Controls:

no

Amount / concentration applied:

TEST MATERIAL
- Amount(s) applied: 1 mL

Duration of treatment / exposure:

4 h

Observation period:

72 h
reading time points: 4 h and 48 h after exposure

Number of animals:

6

Details on study design:

TEST SITE
- Area of exposure: 2.5 cm2
- Type of wrap if used: the treated skin was covered with a gauze patch, held in place with adhesive tape. The entire trunk was wrapped with a rubberised elastic cloth.

REMOVAL OF TEST SUBSTANCE
- Washing (if done): yes
- Time after start of exposure: 4 h

SCORING SYSTEM: corrosion was considered to have resulted if the test substance caused destruction or irreversible alteration of the tissue. Tissue destruction was considered to have occurred if, at any of the readings, there was ulceration or necrosis. Epidermal sloughing, erythema, edema or fissuring were not considered tissue destruction.

Irritation parameter:

other: skin corrosion

Basis:

other: 5 of 6 animals

Time point:

other: 48 h

Reversibility:

other: not applicable

Remarks on result:

other: At 48 h after exposure, skin corrosion was noted in 5 of 6 rabbits.

Irritant / corrosive response data:

At the 4 h reading time point, all six rabbits showed no corrosive effects on skin. At 48 h after exposure, skin corrosion was noted in 5 of 6 rabbits. Only one animal was free of skin corrosivity.

Reference 2

Endpoint:

skin irritation: in vivo

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

weight of evidence

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Basic data given. Occlusive test conditions and prolonged exposure period (24 h); no single animal scores were documented; only two reading time points (24 h and 72 h); the study was terminated after 72 h.

Qualifier:

equivalent or similar to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 404 (Acute Dermal Irritation / Corrosion)

Deviations:

yes

Remarks:

no single animal scores were documented; only two reading time points (24 h and 72 h); the study was terminated after 72 h; occlusive test conditions and prolonged exposure period (24 h).

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: 16 CFR 1500.41 Method of testing primary irritant substances

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

no

Species:

rabbit

Strain:

other: New Zealand Albino

Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:

TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Skippack, Farms, Skippack, Pa., USA
- Housing: During the study period, the rabbits were individually housed in stainless steel wire bottomed cages.
- Diet: ad libitium
- Water: ad libitum

ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 20.0-22.2
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12/12

Type of coverage:

occlusive

Preparation of test site:

other: shaved and abraded

Vehicle:

unchanged (no vehicle)

Controls:

no

Amount / concentration applied:

TEST MATERIAL
- Amount(s) applied: 0.5 mL

Duration of treatment / exposure:

24 h

Observation period:

72 h
reading time points: 24 and 72 h

Number of animals:

6

Details on study design:

TEST SITE
- Area of exposure: 2.5 cm²
- Type of wrap if used: the treated skin was covered with a gauze patch, held in place with adhesive tape. The entire trunk was wrapped with a rubberised elastic cloth.

REMOVAL OF TEST SUBSTANCE
- Washing (if done): yes
- Time after start of exposure: 24 h

SCORING SYSTEM: Draize scoring system

Irritation parameter:

erythema score

Basis:

mean

Remarks:

out of all 6 animals

Time point:

other: mean over 24, 48, 72 h

Score:

3.1

Max. score:

4

Reversibility:

not fully reversible within: 72 h

Remarks on result:

other: no 48 h data are available; for calculation of mean scores, the 48 h values were assumed to be the same as those at 24 h (worst case assumption: persistence of effects seen at 24 h over 48 h)

Irritation parameter:

edema score

Basis:

mean

Remarks:

out of all 6 animals

Time point:

other: mean over 24, 48, and 72 h

Score:

2.8

Max. score:

4

Reversibility:

not fully reversible within: 72 h

Remarks on result:

other: no 48 h data are available; for calculation of mean scores, the 48 h values were assumed to be the same as those at 24 h (worst case assumption: persistence of effects seen at 24 h over 48 h)

Irritant / corrosive response data:

Irritation results on the abraded skin were similar compared to the intact skin.

Table 1. Results of skin irritation

 

Observation time	Mean out of all 6 rabbits
	Erythema	Edema
24 h	3.0	3.00
48 h	No experimental data available: for calculation of mean scores, the 48 h values were assumed to be the same as those at 24 h (worst case assumption)
72 h	3.17	2.50

 

 

Table 2. Calculation of mean scores

 

 

Observation time	Mean out of all 6 rabbits
	Erythema	Edema
Mean value 24 + 48* + 72 h	3.1	2.8

 

*No 48 h data are available: for calculation of mean scores, the 48 h values were assumed to be the same as those at 24 h (worst case assumption: persistence of effects seen at 24 h over 48 h).

 

 

Endpoint conclusion

Endpoint conclusion:

adverse effect observed (corrosive)

Eye irritation

Link to relevant study records

Reference

Endpoint:

eye irritation: in vivo

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Basic data given. The study period was terminated at day 7, therefore only limited information on reversibility.

Qualifier:

equivalent or similar to guideline

Guideline:

other: EPA 40 CFR 163.81.4

Qualifier:

equivalent or similar to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 405 (Acute Eye Irritation / Corrosion)

Deviations:

yes

Remarks:

the study was terminated at day 7; data on reversibilty is in some of the animals not available.

GLP compliance:

no

Species:

rabbit

Strain:

other: New Zealand Albino

Details on test animals or tissues and environmental conditions:

TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Skippack Farms, Sippack, PA, USA
- Housing: During the test period, the rabbits were housed in individual stainless steel wire bottomed cages.
- Diet: Fisher Rabbit Pellets; ad libitum
- Water: ad libitum

ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 20.0-22.2
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12/12

Vehicle:

unchanged (no vehicle)

Controls:

other: the untreated eye served as control

Amount / concentration applied:

TEST MATERIAL
- Amount(s) applied: 0.1 mL

Duration of treatment / exposure:

6 animals: single application without washing
3 animals: 30 s

Observation period (in vivo):

7 days
Reading time points: 24, 48 and 72 h as well as 4 and 7 days

Number of animals or in vitro replicates:

6 animals: unwashed eyes after instillation
3 animals: washed eyes after instillation

Details on study design:

REMOVAL OF TEST SUBSTANCE
- Washing (if done): 20 mL lukewarm water
- Time after start of exposure: 30 s after instillation

SCORING SYSTEM: Draize scoring system

Irritation parameter:

conjunctivae score

Basis:

animal #1

Remarks:

(unwashed eyes)

Time point:

24/48/72 h

Score:

2

Max. score:

3

Reversibility:

not fully reversible within: 7 days

Irritation parameter:

conjunctivae score

Basis:

animal #2

Remarks:

(unwashed eyes)

Time point:

24/48/72 h

Score:

2.3

Max. score:

3

Reversibility:

fully reversible within: 7 days

Irritation parameter:

conjunctivae score

Basis:

animal #3

Remarks:

(unwashed eyes)

Time point:

24/48/72 h

Score:

2.3

Max. score:

3

Reversibility:

not fully reversible within: 7 days

Irritation parameter:

conjunctivae score

Basis:

animal: #4 and #5 (unwashed eyes)

Time point:

24/48/72 h

Score:

2

Max. score:

3

Reversibility:

fully reversible within: 7 days

Irritation parameter:

conjunctivae score

Basis:

animal #6

Remarks:

(unwashed eyes)

Time point:

24/48/72 h

Score:

3

Max. score:

3

Reversibility:

not fully reversible within: 7 days

Irritation parameter:

chemosis score

Basis:

animal #1

Remarks:

(unwashed eyes)

Time point:

24/48/72 h

Score:

3.3

Max. score:

4

Reversibility:

not fully reversible within: 7 days

Irritation parameter:

chemosis score

Basis:

animal: #2, #3, #4, #5 and #6 (unwashed eyes)

Time point:

24/48/72 h

Score:

4

Max. score:

4

Reversibility:

not fully reversible within: 7 days

Irritation parameter:

iris score

Basis:

animal: #1, #2, #3 and #4 (unwashed eyes)

Time point:

24/48/72 h

Score:

0

Max. score:

2

Irritation parameter:

iris score

Basis:

animal #5

Remarks:

(unwashed eyes)

Time point:

24/48/72 h

Score:

0.3

Max. score:

2

Reversibility:

fully reversible within: 48 hours

Irritation parameter:

iris score

Basis:

animal #6

Remarks:

(unwashed eyes)

Time point:

24/48/72 h

Score:

1

Max. score:

2

Reversibility:

fully reversible within: 7 days

Irritation parameter:

cornea opacity score

Basis:

animal #1

Remarks:

(unwashed eyes)

Time point:

24/48/72 h

Score:

1

Max. score:

4

Reversibility:

not fully reversible within: 7 days

Irritation parameter:

cornea opacity score

Basis:

animal #2

Remarks:

(unwashed eyes)

Time point:

24/48/72 h

Score:

1.3

Max. score:

4

Reversibility:

not fully reversible within: 7 days

Irritation parameter:

cornea opacity score

Basis:

animal: #3, #4, #5 and #6 (unwashed eyes)

Remarks:

(unwashed eyes)

Time point:

24/48/72 h

Score:

2

Max. score:

4

Reversibility:

not fully reversible within: 7 days

Irritant / corrosive response data:

The test substance was found to be an eye irritant in the unwashed eyes of 6 rabbits. All animals showed effects on the cornea (scores 1-2) and conjunctivae (redness: score 1-3; chemosis: score 1-4). In 3 of 6 animals conjunctival redness was fully reversible within 7 days. Whereas conjunctival oedemas were persistent in all animals at any time during the test. Corneal opacity was only reversed in 1 of 6 animals within the observation period of 7 days. Effects on iris (scores of 1) were observed in 2 of 6 animals and were fully reversible within 7 days. As none of the animals was completely free from signs of eye irritation within the observation period of 7 days and it is unknown whether these effects on the cornea and conjunctiva are transient or persistent within an observation period of 21 days, the test substance needs to be classified into Category 1.
The severity and duration of the irritation to the eyes was reduced in the washed eyes of 3 tested animals. However, in one animal, effects on conjunctival redness and chemosis were not fully reversible within 7 days.

Table 1. Results of the unwashed eyes

 

Rabbit #	Time [h]	conjunctivae		iris	cornea		conjunctivae			iris		cornea
		redness	swelling				redness		swelling
1
	24	2	3	0	1
	48	2	4	0	1
	72	2	3	0	1
	4 d	1	3	0	1
	7 d	1	1	0	0
	Average: 24+48+72h	2.0	3.3	0.0	1.0	Time to reversion	Not reversible within 7 d		Not reversible within 7 d	-		7 d
2
	24	2	4	0	2
	48	3	4	0	1
	72	3	4	0	1
	4 d	2	4	0	1
	7 d	0	3	0	2
	Average: 24+48+72h	2.3	4.0	0.0	1.3	Time to reversion	7 d		Not reversible within 7 d	-	Not reversible within 7 d
3
	24	2	4	0	2
	48	3	4	0	2
	72	3	4	0	2
	4 d	3	4	0	2
	7 d	2	4	0	3
	Average: 24+48+72h	2.3	4.0	0.0	2.0	Time to reversion	Not reversible within 7 d		Not reversible within 7 d	-	Not reversible within 7 d
4
	24	2	4	0	2
	48	2	4	0	2
	72	2	4	0	2
	4 d	1	3	0	2
	7 d	0	2	0	2
	Average: 24+48+72h	2.0	4.0	0.0	2.0	Time to reversion	7 d	Not reversible within 7 d		-	Not reversible within 7 d
5
	24	2	4	1	2
	48	2	4	0	2
	72	2	4	0	2
	4 d	2	4	0	2
	7 d	0	3	0	1
	Average: 24+48+72h	2.0	4.0	0.3	2.0	Time to reversion	7 d	Not reversible within 7 d		48 h	Not reversible within 7 d
6
	24	3	4	1	2
	48	3	4	1	2
	72	3	4	1	2
	4 d	2	4	1	3
	7 d	1	4	0	2
	Average: 24+48+72h	3.0	4.0	1.0	2.0	Time to reversion	Not reversible within 7 d		Not reversible within 7 d	7 d	Not reversible within 7 d
Mean out of all 6 rabbits	24+48+72h	2.67	3.88	0.2	1.7

 

Table2. Results of the washed eyes (30 s after instillation)

 

Rabbit #	Time [h]	conjunctivae		iris	cornea		conjunctivae			iris		cornea
		redness	swelling				redness	swelling
1
	24	2	3	0	0
	48	0	2	0	0
	72	0	1	0	0
	4 d	0	1	0	0
	7 d	0	0	0	0
	Average: 24+48+72h	0.67	2.0	0.0	0.0	Time to reversion	48 h	7 d		-		-
2
	24	2	4	0	1
	48	2	4	0	1
	72	2	4	0	1
	4 d	2	4	0	1
	7 d	1	2	0	0
	Average: 24+48+72h	2.0	4.0	0.0	1.0	Time to reversion	Not reversible within 7 d		Not reversible within 7 d		-	7 d
3
	24	2	4	0	2
	48	3	4	0	2
	72	3	3	0	2
	4 d	2	2	0	1
	7 d	0	0	0	0
	Average: 24+48+72h	2.67	3.67	0.0	2.0	Time to reversion	7 d	7 d		-		7 d
Mean out of all 6 rabbits	24+48+72h	1.78	3.22	0.0	1.0

 

 

Interpretation of results:

Category 1 (irreversible effects on the eye) based on GHS criteria

Conclusions:

CLP: Eye damage 1, H318

Endpoint conclusion

Endpoint conclusion:

adverse effect observed (irritating)

Respiratory irritation

Endpoint conclusion

Endpoint conclusion:

no study available

Additional information

Skin irritation/corrosion

There are two studies available on skin irritation/corrosion. Both studies were used as part of a weight of evidence approach for the assessment of the skin irritation/corrosion potential of the test substance.

In a DOT skin corrosion test performed similar to 49 CFR 173.1200, 1 mL of the test substance was applied to the intact skin of 6 albino rabbits (Shapiro, 1980). Gauze patches were placed on the skin and the animals were exposed to the test substance for 4 h under occlusive conditions. After the exposure period, the gauze patches were removed and the treated skin sites were cleaned. Corrosion readings were made at 4 h and 48 h after exposure. At the 4 h reading time point, no animal showed corrosive effects on the skin. However, at 48 h after exposure, skin corrosion was observed in 5 of 6 animals. The animals were not evaluated for erythema or edema scores and no detailed information on corrosion were given. Moreover, an increased application volume of 1 mL (instead of 0.5 mL) was used in the test system. However, based on the results of this study, the test substance is corrosive to the skin.

The skin irritation study was performed in accordance with the method of testing primary irritant substances 16 CFR 1500.41 (Shapiro, 1980). Six albino rabbits were prepared for an intact and an abraded skin site and 0.5 mL of the test substance was placed on the intact and abraded skin on each animal. Gauze patches were applied to the skin sites and the animals were exposed to the test substance for 24 h under occlusive conditions. After the exposure period, the gauze patches were removed and the treated skin sites were cleaned. Observations of the treated skin sites were done immediately after patch removal and 48 h after the first reading. Thus, skin lesions were evaluated at 24 h and 72 h after start of the exposure. As only mean values were given in the study report, the mean erythema scores for all animals at the 24 h and 72 h reading time point were 3.0 and 3.17, respectively. Mean edema scores were 3.17 at the 24 h reading time point and 2.5 at the 72 h reading time point. As no 48 h data are available, mean scores for this time point were assumed to be the same as those at 24 h (worst case assumption: persistence of effects at 24 h over 48 h). Therefore, mean values over 24 h, 48 h and 72 h for all animals are 3.1 for erythema and 2.8 for edema. No corrosive effects on skin were reported. Upon evaluating skin lesions at the 72 h reading time point, the study was terminated. It is not known whether the elevated mean scores have persisted or reversed within an observation period of 14 days and whether the test substance caused corrosive reactions within an observation period of 14 days. It has to be noted that the exposure period was prolonged (24 h) as compared to OECD 404 (4 h) which is relevant for regulations in the EU.

Taking into account all available data, the test substance is considered to be corrosive to the skin.

Eye irritation/corrosion

The eye irritation potential of 2-methoxyethyl acrylate was investigated in New Zealand Albino rabbits according to EPA guideline 40 CFR 163.81.4 (Shapiro, 1980). The undiluted test substance (0.1 mL) was applied to one eye of each of 9 animals, whereas the other eye remained untreated and served as control. In 3 of 12 animals, washing of the test substance was performed 30 s after application, whereas the eyes of the other animals remained unwashed. Ocular reactions on conjunctiva, cornea and iris were assessed 24, 48 and 72 h as well as 4 and 7 days after application. In the unwashed eyes, effects on cornea (grade 1 to 2) were observed in all animals and were not fully reversible in 5/6 animals within 7 days post-application. Conjunctival redness (grade 1-3) and oedema (grade 1-4) were observed in all animals. During the 7 day observation period, conjunctival redness was fully reversible in 3 of 6 animals whereas conjunctival oedemas were persistent. Slight and fully reversible effects on iris were only observed in 2/6 animals. As none of the animals was completely free from signs of eye irritations within the observation period of 7 days and it is unknown whether the effects on the cornea and conjunctiva would have been transient or persistent within an observation period of 21 days, the test substance is considered to cause irreversible damage to the eyes. In the washed eyes, the severity and duration of the irritation to the eyes was reduced. However, in 1/3 animals, conjunctivae redness and chemosis were not fully reversible within the 7 day observation period.

In conclusion, under the conditions of the test, the test substance caused serious and irreversible damage to the eyes and needs to be classified into Category 1 for eye irritation.

There is also supporting evidence provided from another study that the undiluted test substance (0.02 mL) causes severe corneal injury to the eyes after an exposure period of 24 h in all tested albino rabbits (Union Carbide Corporation, 1968). Even minor to moderate injury was observed in the eyes of the animals after treatment with 0.005 mL of the undiluted test substance after 24 h.

In summary, the test substance was considered to cause serious and irreversible damage to the eyes.

Respiratory irritation:

Since 2 -MEA was assessed as corrosive to skin and eyes, a potential for respiratory tract irritation is considered to be very likely.

In addition, based on the clinical signs observed in the acute inhalation study (Union Carbide Corporation, 1968), respiratory tract irritation can be expected upon inhalation of the test substance. According to Regulation (EC) 1272/2008 and Directive 67/548/EEC,

a classification for corrosivity is considered to implicitly cover the potential to cause respiratory tract irritation and so the additional classification is considered to be superfluous.

 

Justification for selection of skin irritation / corrosion endpoint:
weight of evidence approach

Effects on skin irritation/corrosion: corrosive

Effects on eye irritation: corrosive

Effects on respiratory irritation: irritating

Justification for classification or non-classification

Harmonised classification:

2-methoxyethyl acrylate has been inserted into ATP15. The following classification applies:

• Skin Corr. 1C – H314: Causes severe skin burns and eye damage


• Eye Dam. 1 (H318: Causes serious eye damage)

In addition, the supplementary Hazard Statement code EUH071 (Corrosive to the respiratory tract) is assigned.

 

Details:

 

Skin corrosion / irritation

Visible necrosis was seen at 48h after 4-hour exposure in rabbits in the DOT skin corrosion test. As the necrotic responses were observed only after an exposure of longer than 1 hour, the classification criteria for Corr. 1A and 1B were not met and according to the CLP criteria 2-methoxyethyl acrylate is classified Skin Corr. 1C; H314.

 

Eye damage / eye irritation

Severe eye effects were observed in conjunctivae and cornea in rabbits in a study similar to OECD TG 405. In this study all animals showed effects on the cornea and conjunctivae. The mean scores of the 6 rabbits (average: 24+48+72h) were:
- cornea: 1.0; 1.3; 2.0; 2.0; 2.0; 2.0

- conjunctival redness 2.0; 2.3; 2.3; 2.0; 2.0; 3.0

- conjunctival oedema 3.3; 4.0; 4.0; 4.0; 4.0; 4.0

- iris: 0.0; 0.0; 0.0; 0.0; 0.3; 1.0

The reversibility of the effects in animals were not studied until 21 day post exposure period, but eye scores of 3 to 4 were still observed in 5/6 rabbits after the 7 days post-exposure period in conjunctivae. The effects are not expected to reverse.
Therefore, 2-methoxyethyl acrylate is classified Eye. Dam. 1; H318 “Causes serious eye damage”.

 

Respiratory irritation

The following points were considered in the assignment of EUH071:

1/ Acute inhalation test data: there are no data on irritation/corrosion on the airway epithelium after exposure to vapours or aerosols of 2-methoxyethyl acrylate. The results from the available inhalation study meet the criteria for classification (see above).

Rats that died (3/6) at the mid concentration (2.7 mg/L; 4h exposure) had slight haemorrhage in the lungs and blood in the intestines, while 2 out of 3 survivors had areas of focal consolidation scattered throughout the lungs. Clinical signs of laboured breathing was observed after 4h exposure to the low dose of the vapour (1.4 mg/L) which also caused eye irritation after a few minutes and subsequently skin irritation. Gasping was observed after 2h exposure to the high dose (5.4 mg/L), at which all animals died.

2/ Corrosivity to the skin: visible necrosis was seen at 48h after 4-hour exposure in rabbits. The necrotic responses were observed after exposure of longer than 1 hour. According to the CLP criteria 2-methoxyethyl acrylate should be classified as Skin Corr. 1C; H314 - Causes severe skin burns and eye damage

3/ 2-methoxyethyl acrylate may be inhaled: it has a high vapour pressure (281 Pa at 25oC).

According to the CLP Regulation, Annex II, section 1.2.6, EUH071 is applied “in addition to classification for inhalation toxicity, if data are available that indicate that the mechanism of toxicity is corrosivity”. Substances have to be supplementary labelled with EUH071, if there is a possibility of exposure via inhalation, taking into consideration the saturated vapour concentration and the possibility of exposure to particles or droplets of inhalable size as appropriate (chapter 3.8.2.5 of Guidance).

According to “Acute toxicity study” (OECD TG 403) with 2-methoxyethyl acrylate, exposure to concentrations where mortalities occurred (i.e.9.8 mg/L and above) causes congestion in the lungs and areas of focal consolidation scattered throughout the lungs.

In conclusion: there is no experimental evidence that 2-methoxyethyl acrylate injures the epithelium of the respiratory tract but taking into account general the corrosive properties of 2-methoxyethyl acrylate seen in the skin and eye damage/irritation studies, in combination with a high vapour pressure (281 Pa at 25oC), inhalation of vapour could lead to irritation/corrosion of the mucous membranes of respiratory tract and pulmonary injury.

Therefore, the supplemental hazard statement EUH071 is assigned.