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EC number: 215-662-8 | CAS number: 1338-24-5
- Life Cycle description
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- Endpoint summary
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- Environmental data
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- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
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- Irritation / corrosion
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Bioaccumulation: aquatic / sediment
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- bioaccumulation in aquatic species: fish
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- During 5 days fish were exposed to naphtenic acids. BCF was determined
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Radiolabelling:
- not specified
- Vehicle:
- not specified
- Test organisms (species):
- Oncorhynchus mykiss (previous name: Salmo gairdneri)
- Details on test organisms:
- The test organisms were Oncorhynchus mykiss reported in the article as rainbow trout
- Route of exposure:
- aqueous
- Test type:
- semi-static
- Water / sediment media type:
- natural water: freshwater
- Total exposure / uptake duration:
- 4 d
- Total depuration duration:
- 5 d
- Test temperature:
- 15°C
- pH:
- 8.2
- Dissolved oxygen:
- not reported
- TOC:
- not reported
- Salinity:
- not reported
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- measured concentration
- Details on estimation of bioconcentration:
- Based on the analyses of 19 fish, the mean concentration of NAs in the fish kept in the NAs solution from days 2 to 9 inclusive, was 5.6 ±1.9 mg k g - 1 . The fish were exposed to solutions containing 3mg/L Merichem naphthenic acids, the bioconcentration factor for NAs is approximately 2 at
pH 8.2. - Lipid content:
- %
- Conc. / dose:
- 3 mg/L
- Temp.:
- 15 °C
- Type:
- BCF
- Value:
- ca. 2 L/kg
- Basis:
- other: fish flesh (wet weight)
- Time of plateau:
- 2 d
- Calculation basis:
- steady state
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- The bioconcentration factor of naphthenic acids in rainbow trout has been estimated based on an experimental uptake/ depuration test. The estimated BCF value is approximately 2L/kg fish flesh (wet weight) at pH=8.2.
The depuration occured quickly when the rainbow trout were placed in naphthenic acids-free water - Executive summary:
Rainbow trout were exposed to solutions containing Merichem naphthenic acids. Ten fish were in each of seven aquaria. The exposure to NAs was done using a 96-h static renewal procedure (Young et al., 2007). All fish remained healthy during their time in the aquaria. Based on the analyses of 19 fish, the mean concentration of NAs in the fish kept in the NAs solution from days 2 to 9 inclusive, was 5.6 ±1.9 mg k g - 1 . The fish were exposed to solutions containing 3mg/L Merichem naphthenic acids, the bioconcentration factor for NAs is approximately 2 at pH 8.2.
- Endpoint:
- bioaccumulation in aquatic species: fish
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Study period:
- 1991
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- comparable to guideline study with acceptable restrictions
- Remarks:
- A reliability score of 2 has been given because the data comes from the japan METI-NITE database as described in the ECHA endpoint specific guidance (R.7c). This database This database collects bioconcentration values obtained according to the OECD305C method. According to the guidance all tests included in this database are conductare conducted in accordance with GLP standards, however this could not be verified.
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 305 C (Bioaccumulation: Test for the Degree of Bioconcentration in Fish)
- Deviations:
- not specified
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Radiolabelling:
- not specified
- Vehicle:
- not specified
- Test organisms (species):
- Cyprinus carpio
- Route of exposure:
- aqueous
- Test type:
- flow-through
- Total exposure / uptake duration:
- 6 wk
- Lipid content:
- 3.9 %
- Conc. / dose:
- 0.5 mg/L
- Type:
- BCF
- Value:
- >= 1.6 - <= 4.4 dimensionless
- Basis:
- whole body w.w.
- Remarks on result:
- other: monocyclic compound
- Conc. / dose:
- 0.05 mg/L
- Type:
- BCF
- Value:
- <= 13 dimensionless
- Basis:
- whole body w.w.
- Remarks on result:
- other: monocyclic compound
- Conc. / dose:
- 0.5 mg/L
- Type:
- BCF
- Value:
- >= 7.8 - ca. 14 dimensionless
- Basis:
- whole body w.w.
- Remarks on result:
- other: dicyclic compound
- Conc. / dose:
- 0.05 mg/L
- Type:
- BCF
- Value:
- >= 14 - <= 27 dimensionless
- Basis:
- whole body w.w.
- Remarks on result:
- other: dicyclic compound
- Conc. / dose:
- 0.5 mg/L
- Type:
- BCF
- Value:
- < 9.2 dimensionless
- Basis:
- whole body w.w.
- Remarks on result:
- other: tricyclic compound
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- Sodium naphthenate is non or not highly bioaccumulative. The structure of sodium naphthenate is used as a surrogate for naphthenic acids and hence the same conclusion is applicable to naphthenic acids.
Referenceopen allclose all
Depuration of naphthenic acids occurred quickly when the rainbow trout were placed in naphthenic acids-
ree water. Within 1 d of being transferred to clean water, the naphthenic acids concentration dropped to 0.3 ±0.3 mg kg/1, which based on a t-test was significantly less than (P<0.05) the naphthenic acids concentration (4.2 ± 0.7 mg /kg) in the fish that remained in the solution of naphthenic acids. Two days after being transferred to clean water, the naphthenic acids concentration in the fish was 0.1 ±0.2 mg/kg, which was again significantly less than (P<0.05) the naphthenic acids concentration (5.0 ± 2.8 mg /kg) in the fish that remained in the solution of naphthenic acids.
monocylic compound
test concentration set | BCF | |
1st concentration area | 0.5 mg/L | 1.6 - 4.4 |
2nd concentration area | 0.05 mg/L | <10 - 13 |
dicyclic compound
test concentration set | BCF | |
1st concentration area | 0.5 mg/L | 7.8 - 14 |
2nd concentration area | 0.05 mg/L | 14 - 27 |
tricyclic compound
test concentration set | BCF | |
1st concentration area | 0.5 mg/L | <9.2 |
for the tricyclic compound only the first concentration area was analysed because the tricyclic content was too low to be detected in the GC analysis
Description of key information
Young et al (2008)reported a value of BCF=2 L/kg wet-wt based on one C-13 component of a naphthenic acid mixture. The Japanese METI-NITI database reports a range of BCF between 1.6 and 27 L/kg wet-wt for sodium naphthenate.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- BCF (aquatic species):
- 27 L/kg ww
Additional information
The BCF of a commercial naphthenic acids was measured in rainbow trout by Young et al. (2008). The BCF of 2 L/kg wet-wt based, was measured for one C-13 component of the naphthenic acids. The Japanese METI-NITI database reports a measured range of BCF values between 1.6 and 27 (wet-wt based) for sodium naphthenate, with one, two and three cycles. The available data suggest low or no bioaccumulation potential. For further details
Value to be used for CSA:low or no bioaccumulation potential, BCF ≤ 27 (wet-wt based)
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