Registration Dossier
Registration Dossier
Diss Factsheets
Use of this information is subject to copyright laws and may require the permission of the owner of the information, as described in the ECHA Legal Notice.
EC number: 215-662-8 | CAS number: 1338-24-5
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data

Toxicity to microorganisms
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to microorganisms
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
Toxicity Assays.
Microtox analysis was performed on a Microtox Model 500 Analyzer using the Basic Test provided by Azur Environmental. The four monocarboxyl naphthenic acid (NA)-like surrogates were dissolved in 0.01 N NaOH, and the four dicarboxyl NA-like surrogates were dissolved in 0.1 N NaOH to produce sodium salts that were consistent with NAs in alkaline OSPW. The pH of the surrogates was adjusted to 7.5 ( 0.1 using HCl and NaOH. Following the pH titration and the 10% addition of osmotic adjusting solution, the toxicity of the NA-like surrogates was assessed by measuring bioluminescence of V. fischeri following 15 min exposure using three replicates. Nominal concentrations were serially diluted to 100%, 50%, 25%, and 12.5% of the initial test concentration for each of the NA-like surrogates. The EC50 values were calculated as the concentration of NArequired to reduce bioluminescence by 50% in relation to a 0% NA blank solution. A fourparameter logistic model was used to fit regression lines to the data.- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Remarks:
- Literature data
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- The study of Frank et al. 2009 studied the effect of 8 different NA-like surrogates. Only the results based on Cyclohexanecarboxyclic acid (CHCA) were used as supportive results as it was deemed most coparable to the test substance, because it has more than 8 Carbon atoms, 1 ring and is a monoacid)
- Test organisms (species):
- Vibrio fisheri
- Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 15 min
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- nominal concentrations (mg/L) : 0, 100, 200, 300
- Details on test conditions:
- Microtox analysis was performed on a Microtox Model 500 Analyzer using the Basic Test provided by Azur Environmental (30). The four monocarboxyl NA-like surrogates were dissolved in 0.01 N NaOH, and the four dicarboxyl NA-like surrogates were dissolved in 0.1 N NaOH to produce sodium salts that were consistent with NAs in
alkaline OSPW. The pH of the surrogates was adjusted to 7.5 ( 0.1 using HCl and NaOH. Following the pH titration and the 10% addition of osmotic adjusting solution (30), the toxicity of the NA-like surrogates was assessed by measuring bioluminescence of V. fischeri following 15 min exposure using three replicates. Nominal concentrations were serially diluted to 100%, 50%, 25%, and 12.5% of the initial test concentration for each of the NA-like surrogates. The EC50 values were calculated as the concentration ofNArequired to reduce bioluminescence
by 50% in relation to a 0% NA blank solution. A fourparameter logistic model was used to fit regression lines to the data. - Key result
- Duration:
- 15 min
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 13 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- not specified
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: reduction in bioluminescence
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% CI +/-1.6 mg/L
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- Based on the microtox assay with NA-like surrogates the EC50 found for Vibrio fisheri was 0.07mM for cyclohexane carboxylic acid, which coresponds to 13.0 +/- 1.6 mg/L.
- Executive summary:
The bioassays with the NA-like surrogates indicate that toxicity is likely a function of hydrophobicity. As the MW of the surrogates increased, so too did the acute toxicity, while if an additional carboxylic group was present in the compound, the toxicity was significantly decreased. Based on the microtox assay the EC50 found for Vibrio fisheri for the NA surrogate was 0.07mM for cyclohexane carboxylic acid, which coresponds to 13.0 +/- 1.6 mg/L.
Reference
Because of the limited availability of larger compounds, the NA-like surrogates investigated in this study had relatively low MWs (116.16-200.23 Da) in comparison to the NAs observed in OSPW (142-500 Da 13, 14). Also, the nonbranched acyclic surrogate structures were likely simpler than OSPW NAs, which are highly branched. However, the goal of this study was to determine the effect that size, structure, and carboxylic acid content had on NA toxicity; therefore, the relationships observed from the studied surrogates in this study could exist for larger compounds more commonly found in OSPW NA mixtures.
Results
NA-like surrogate | Observed EC50 for 15 -min V. fisheri assay(mM) | Observed LC50 for 48hr D. Magna acute lethality assay (mM) |
Hexanoic acid (HA) | 19.12 +/-2.6 | 10.04 +/- 1.3 |
Cyclohexane carboxylic acid (CHCA) | 9.62 +/- 1.9 | 6.67 +/- 0.8 |
Decanoic acid (DA) | 0.33 +/- 0.04 | 1.27 +/- 0.4 |
Cyclohexane pentanoic acid (CHPA) | 0.07 +/- 0.01 | 0.59 +/- 0.2 |
Succinic acid (SA) | 627.31 +/- 29 | 27.3 +/-2.2 |
Adipic acid (AP) | 468.06 +/- 214 | 20.51 +/- 1.1 |
1,4 -Cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid (CHDCA) | 465.71 +/-21 | 15.28 +/- 0.7 |
Cyclohexylsuccinic acid (CHSA) | 26.09 +/- 1.9 | 6.71 +/- 1.2 |
Description of key information
Data on microbial toxicity (Vibrio fisheri) are reported In literature for NA surrogates. In the microtox assay the EC50 for cyclohexane carboxylic acid was 0.07 mM ( 13.0 +/- 1.6 mg/L). Data from biodegradation tests of commercial naphthenic acid and naphthenic acid from oil sands tailings have been used to show that microbial populations are able to survive naphthenic acid exposure.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- EC50 for microorganisms:
- 13 mg/L
Additional information
A microtox bioassays on Vibrio fisheri have been performed naphthenic acid surrogate. The lowest observed EC50 is for cyclohexanepentanoic acid and is 13.0 mg/L.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.
