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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 215-662-8 | CAS number: 1338-24-5
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicological Summary
- Administrative data
- Workers - Hazard via inhalation route
- Workers - Hazard via dermal route
- Workers - Hazard for the eyes
- Additional information - workers
- General Population - Hazard via inhalation route
- General Population - Hazard via dermal route
- General Population - Hazard via oral route
- General Population - Hazard for the eyes
- Additional information - General Population
Administrative data
Workers - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 21.3 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 25
- Dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 302 mg/kg bw/day
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEC
- Value:
- 532 mg/m³
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
No long term toxicity studies via the inhalation route are available for the test substance. Route-to-route extrapolation is performed.
The NOAEL (oral route) observed in the 90 -day repeated dose toxicity study (Weisz, 2018) was used to derive a DNEL long-term, systemic effects via the inhalation route. This study was performed according to the OECD guideline 408 and in compliance with GLP. The NOAEL was considered to be 302 mg/kg bw/day. After route-to-route extrapolation from oral to inhalation, the dose descriptor starting point is 532.47 mg/m3 = 302 mg/kg bw/day x 1/0.38 m3/kg bw/d x 6.7 m3/10m3. The oral dose for rats was converted to corresponding air concentration using a standard breathing volume for the rat (0.38 m3/kg for 8 hours exposure of workers). For workers the resulting air concentration needs to be additionally corrected for the difference between basal caloric demand and caloric demand under light activity. This correction factor is derived from the inhaled volumes in 8 hours under the respective conditions (6.7 m3 for base level, 10m3 for light activity). In addition, there was no additional correction factor as the bioavailability via the inhalation route and via the oral route are considered to be 50%.
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- NOAEL is used as starting point, no additional assessment factor is required.
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 2
- Justification:
- difference in duration, subchronic to chronic
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 1
- Justification:
- Allometric scaling is already in the route to route extrapolation correction
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- Remaining differences between species, default assessment factor
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 5
- Justification:
- ECHA default value for worker population
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- High quality study
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- No other uncertainties
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- hazard unknown (no further information necessary)
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- hazard unknown (no further information necessary)
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- hazard unknown (no further information necessary)
DNEL related information
Workers - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 15.1 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 100
- Dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 302 mg/kg bw/day
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 1 510 mg/kg bw/day
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
No long-term dermal toxicity studies are available for the test substance. Route-to-route extrapolation is performed. The NOAEL (oral route) observed in the 90 -day repeated dose toxicity study (Weisz, 2018) was used to derive a DNEL long-term, systemic effects via the dermal route. This study was performed according to the OECD guideline 408 and in compliance with GLP. The NOAEL was considered to be 302 mg/kg bw/day. After route-to-route extrapolation (oral to dermal) the dose descriptor starting point is 1510 mg/kg bw/day, as an additional correction factor of 5 is added. The bioavailability after oral exposure is assumed to be 50% and the bioavailability after dermal exposure is assumed to be only 10%.
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- NOAEL is used as starting point, no additional assessment factor is required
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 2
- Justification:
- difference in duration, subchronic to chronic
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 4
- Justification:
- ECHA default value for systemic toxicity, rat to human
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- Remaining differences between species
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 5
- Justification:
- ECHA default value for worker population
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- High quality study
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- No other uncertainties
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- high hazard (no threshold derived)
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- sensitisation (skin)
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- high hazard (no threshold derived)
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- sensitisation (skin)
Workers - Hazard for the eyes
Local effects
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- low hazard (no threshold derived)
Additional information - workers
General Population - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 5.25 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 50
- Dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 302 mg/kg bw/day
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEC
- Value:
- 262.61 mg/m³
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
No long-term toxicity studies via the inhalation route are available for the test substance. Route-to-route extrapolation is performed.
The NOAEL (oral route observed in the 90 -day repeated dose toxicity study (Weisz, 2018) was used to derive a DNEL long-term, systemic effects via the inhalation route. This study was performed according to OECD guideline 408 and in compliance with GLP. The NOAEL was considered to be 302 mg/kg bw/day. After route-to-route extrapolation from oral to inhalation, the dose descriptor starting point is 262.61 mg/m3 = 302 mg/kg bw/day x 1/1.15 m3/kg bw/day. The oral dose for rats was converted to corresponding air concentration using a standard breathing volume for the rat (1.15 m3/kg for 24 hours exposure of general population). There was no additional correction factor for differences in bioavailability as the bioavailability via the inhalation route and via the oral route are considered to be 50%.
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- NOAEL is used as starting point, no additional assessment factor is required
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 2
- Justification:
- difference in duration, subchronic to chronic
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 1
- Justification:
- Allometric scaling is already in the route to route extrapolation correction
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- Remaining differences between species, default assessment factor
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 10
- Justification:
- ECHA default value for general population
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- High quality study
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- No other uncertainties
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- hazard unknown (no further information necessary)
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- hazard unknown (no further information necessary)
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- hazard unknown (no further information necessary)
DNEL related information
General Population - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 7.55 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 200
- Dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 302 mg/kg bw/day
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 1 510 mg/kg bw/day
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
No long-term dermal toxicity studies are available for the test substance. Route-to-route extrapolation is performed. The NOAEL (oral route) observed in the 90 -day repeated dose toxicity study (Weisz, 2018) was used to derive a DNEL long-term, systemic effects via the dermal route. This study was performed according to the OECD guideline 408 and in compliance with GLP. The NOAEL was considered to be 302 mg/kg bw/day. After route-to-route extrapolation (oral to dermal) the dose descriptor starting point is 1510 mg/kg bw/day, as an additional correction factor of 5 is added. The bioavailability after oral exposure is assumed to be 50% and the bioavailability after dermal exposure is assumed to be only 10%.
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- NOAEL is used as starting point, no additional assessment factor is required
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 2
- Justification:
- difference in duration, subchronic to chronic
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 4
- Justification:
- ECHA Default value for systemic toxicity, rat to human
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- Remaining differences between species
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 10
- Justification:
- ECHA default value for general population
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- High quality study
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- No other uncertainties
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- high hazard (no threshold derived)
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- sensitisation (skin)
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- high hazard (no threshold derived)
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- sensitisation (skin)
General Population - Hazard via oral route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 1.51 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 200
- Dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 302 mg/kg bw/day
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
- A key, 90 -day repeated dose toxicity study was performed according to the OECD guideline 408 and in compliance with GLP (Weisz, 2018). No route-to-route extrapolation is required. The NOAEL was considered to be 302 mg/kg bw/day and is the dose descriptor starting point used to derive DNEL.
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- NOAEL is used as starting point, no additional assessment factor is required
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 2
- Justification:
- difference in duration, subchronic to chronic
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 4
- Justification:
- Default value for systemic toxicity, rat to human
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- Remaining differences between species
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 10
- Justification:
- ECHA default value for general population
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- High quality study
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- No other uncertainties
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
General Population - Hazard for the eyes
Local effects
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- low hazard (no threshold derived)
Additional information - General Population
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.