Amides, C8-18(even-numbered) and C18(unsatd.), N-(2-hydroxypropyl)

Genetic toxicity: in vitro

Administrative data

Endpoint:

in vitro gene mutation study in bacteria

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

February 27, 2014 to March 20, 2014

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

study report

Title:

Unnamed

Year:

2014

Report date:

2014

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 471 (Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay)

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

yes

Type of assay:

bacterial reverse mutation assay

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

Amides, C8-18(even-numbered) and C18(unsatd.), N-(2-hydroxypropyl)

EC Number:

931-596-9

Cas Number:

1335203-30-9

Molecular formula:

No molecular formula available for this UVCB.

IUPAC Name:

Amides, C8-18(even-numbered) and C18(unsatd.), N-(2-hydroxypropyl)

Test material form:

solid: flakes

Method

Species / strain

Species / strain 1

Species / strain / cell type:

S. typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98 and TA 100

Species / strain 2

Species / strain / cell type:

E. coli WP2 uvr A

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Metabolic activation system:

Rat liver microsomal enzymes (S9 homogenate)

Test concentrations with justification for top dose:

Range finding test in strain TA100 and E.Coli WP2 uvrA with and without metabolic activation: Positive control; Solvent control; 3; 10; 33; 100; 333; 1000; 3330; 5000 µg/L

Experiment 1: Tester trains TA1535, TA1537, TA98 with and without metabolic activation: Positive control; Solvent control; 3; 10; 33; 100; 333; 1000 µg/L.

Experiment 2: Tester trains TA1535, TA1537, TA98, TA100: Positive control; Solvent control; 3; 10; 33; 100; 333; 1000 µg/L. Tester strain E.Coli WP2 uvrA: Positive control; Solvent control; 3; 10; 33; 100; 333; 1000; 3330 and 5000 µg/L

Vehicle / solvent:

Ethanol

Controls

Controls 1

Untreated negative controls:

yes

Negative solvent / vehicle controls:

yes

Remarks:

Ethanol

Controls 2

Negative solvent / vehicle controls:

yes

Remarks:

Saline

Positive controls:

yes

Remarks:

-S9

Positive control substance:

sodium azide

Remarks:

TA1535; concentration/plate 5µg

Controls 3

Negative solvent / vehicle controls:

yes

Remarks:

DMSO

Positive controls:

yes

Remarks:

-S9

Positive control substance:

other: ICR-191

Remarks:

TA1537; concentration/plate 2.5µg

Controls 4

Negative solvent / vehicle controls:

yes

Remarks:

DMSO

Positive controls:

yes

Remarks:

-S9

Positive control substance:

2-nitrofluorene

Remarks:

TA98; concentration/plate 10µg

Controls 5

Negative solvent / vehicle controls:

yes

Remarks:

DMSO

Positive controls:

yes

Remarks:

-S9

Positive control substance:

methylmethanesulfonate

Remarks:

TA100; concentration/plate 650µg

Controls 6

Negative solvent / vehicle controls:

yes

Remarks:

DMSO

Positive controls:

yes

Remarks:

-S9

Positive control substance:

4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide

Remarks:

WP2 uvrA; concentration/plate 15µg

Controls 7

Positive controls:

yes

Remarks:

+S9 and solvent DMSO

Positive control substance:

other: 2-aminoanthracene

Remarks:

TA1535 2.5µg S9-mix 5 and 10%; TA1537 2.5µg S9-mix 5%; TA1537 5µg S9-mix 10%; TA98 1µg S9-mix 5 and10%; TA100 1µg S9-mix 5% ; TA100 2µg S9-mix 10% ; W2P uvrA 15µg S9-mix 5 and 10%

Details on test system and experimental conditions:

METHOD OF APPLICATION: in medium; in agar (plate incorporation)
NUMBER OF REPLICATIONS: Triplicates
DETERMINATION OF CYTOTOXICITY: Reduction of the bacterial background lawn, the increase in the size of the microcolonies and the reduction of the revertant colonies were examined.

Evaluation criteria:

A Salmonella typhimurium reverse mutation assay and/or Escherichia coli reverse mutation assay is considered acceptable if it meets the following criteria:
a)The negative control data (number of spontaneous revertants per plate) should be within the laboratory historical range for each tester strain
b)The positive control chemicals should produce responses in all tester strains, which are within the laboratory historical range documented for each positive control substance. Furthermore, the mean plate count should be at least three times the concurrent vehicle control group mean
c)The selected dose range should include a clearly toxic concentration or should exhibit limited solubility as demonstrated by the preliminary toxicity range-finding test or should extendto 5 mg/plate.

No formal hypothesis testing was done.

A test substance is considered negative (not mutagenic) in the test if:
a)The total number of revertants in tester strain TA100 is not greater than two (2) times the concurrent control, and the total number of revertants in tester strains TA1535, TA1537, TA98 or WP2 uvrA is not greater than three (3) times the concurrent vehicle control.
b)The negative response should be reproducible in at least one independently repeated experiment.


A test substance is considered positive (mutagenic) in the test if:
a)The total number of revertants in tester strain TA100 is greater than two (2) times the concurrent control, or the total number of revertants in tester strains TA1535, TA1537, TA98 or WP2 uvrA is greater than three (3) times the concurrent vehicle control.
b)In case a repeat experiment is performed when a positive response is observed in one of the tester strains, the positive response should be reproducible in at least one independently repeated experiment.

The preceding criteria were not absolute and other modifying factors might enter into the final evaluation decision.

Results and discussion

Test results

Test results 1

Key result

Species / strain:

S. typhimurium TA 1535

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Genotoxicity:

negative

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

no cytotoxicity

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Untreated negative controls validity:

valid

Test results 2

Key result

Species / strain:

S. typhimurium TA 1537

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Genotoxicity:

negative

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

no cytotoxicity

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Untreated negative controls validity:

valid

Test results 3

Key result

Species / strain:

S. typhimurium TA 98

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Genotoxicity:

negative

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

no cytotoxicity

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Untreated negative controls validity:

valid

Test results 4

Key result

Species / strain:

S. typhimurium TA 100

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Genotoxicity:

negative

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

no cytotoxicity

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Untreated negative controls validity:

valid

Test results 5

Key result

Species / strain:

E. coli WP2 uvr A

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Genotoxicity:

negative

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

no cytotoxicity

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Untreated negative controls validity:

valid

Any other information on results incl. tables

Dose range finding\Experiment 1

The test substance was tested in the tester strains TA100 and WP2 uvrA with concentrations of 3, 10, 33, 100, 333, 1000, 3330 and 5000 µg/plate in the absence and presence of S9-mix. Based on the results of the dose range finding test, the following dose range was selected for the mutation assay at a concentration range of 1 to 333 µg/plate in the absence of S9-mix and at a concentration range of 3 to 1000 µg/plate in the presence of 5% (v/v) S9-mix with the tester strains, TA1535, TA1537 and TA98.  

 

Precipitate

Dose range finding test: Precipitation of the test substance on the plates was observed at the start and at the end of the incubation period at concentrations of 3330 and 5000 µg/plate. First mutation experiment: No precipitation on the plates was observed at the start or at the end of the incubation period.

 

Toxicity

To determine the toxicity of the test substance, the reduction of the bacterial background lawn, the increase in the size of the microcolonies and the reduction of the revertant colonies were examined. In tester strain WP2 uvrA, the bacterial background lawn was not reduced at any of the concentrations tested. No biologically relevant decrease in the number of revertants was observed. However, the test substance precipitated heavily on the plates at the test substance concentration of 3330 and 5000 μg/plate in the absence of S9-mix, therefore the number of revertant colonies could not be determined of these dose levels. In tester strain TA98, there was no reduction of the bacterial background lawn and no biologically relevant decrease in the number of revertants at any of the concentrations tested in the absence and presence of S9-mix. The reduction of the bacterial background lawn and the reduction in the number of revertants in the other tester strains in the dose range finding/first mutation experiment is presented in Table 1.

Table1: Toxicity of Amides, C8-18(even-numbered) and C18(unsatd.), N-(2-hydroxypropyl) in the dose range finding/first experiment (Reduction of the bacterial background lawn and in the number of revertant colonies)

Strain	Without S9-mix		With S9-mix
Dose          Bacterial              Revertant                 (μg/plate)    background lawn  colonies			Dose       Bacterial                Revertant (µg/plate) background lawn  colonies
TA100		100            slight                  -^1 333-3330    extreme        microcolonies 5000          extreme                -^2	333          slight                   -^1 1000-3330  extreme        microcolonies 5000          extreme               -^2
TA1535		333             extreme        microcolonies	1000          moderate      microcolonies
TA1537		333            moderate      microcolonies	1000          extreme         microcolonies

-¹  Reduction in the number of revertant colonies, but not less than the minimal value of the historical control data range.

-²  Due to the amount of precipitate no colony determination was possible

Experiment 2

To obtain more information about the possible mutagenicity of the test substance, a second mutation experiment was performed in the absence of S9-mix and in the presence of 10% (v/v) S9-mix. Based on the results of the first mutation assay, the following dose range was selected for the second mutation assay:

TA1535, TA1537, TA100: Without S9-mix: 1, 3, 10, 33, 100 and 333 μg/plate and with S9-mix: 3, 10, 33, 100, 333 and 1000 μg/plate

TA98 and WP2 uvrA: Without and with S9-mix: 33, 100, 333, 1000 and 3330 µg/plate

Precipitate

Precipitation of the test substance on the plates was observed at the start of the incubation period at the concentration of 3330 µg/plate. At the end of the incubation period, precipitation on the plates was observed at concentrations of 1000 and 3330 µg/plate in the absence of S9-mix and at 3330 µg/plate in the presence of S9-mix.

 

Toxicity

In tester strain WP2 uvrA, no reduction of the bacterial background lawn and no biologically relevant decrease in the number of revertants were observed. The reduction of the bacterial background lawn and the reduction in the number of revertants in the other tester strains is presented in Table 2.

Table 2: The reduction of the bacterial background lawn and the reduction in the number of revertants in the second mutation experiment

Strain	Without S9-mix		With S9-mix
Dose          Bacterial              Revertant                 (μg/plate)    background lawn  colonies			Dose       Bacterial                Revertant (µg/plate) background lawn  colonies
TA1535		333            moderate           -^1	1000          moderate            -^1
TA1537		333            moderate           extreme	1000          extreme        microcolonies
TA98		333            slight                 -^1 1000          moderate           extreme 3330          extreme             complete	3330          moderate            extreme
TA100		100            slight                 moderate 333            moderate           extreme	1000          extreme        microcolonies

-¹  Reduction in the number of revertant colonies, but not less than the minimal value of the historical control data range.

Experiment 3

In the first experiment in tester strain TA98 no toxicity or precipitate on the plates was observed in the absence and presence of S9-mix. Therefore a third mutation experiment was performed with this strain at a concentration range of 333 to 3330 µg/plate.

Precipitate

Precipitation of the test substance on the plates was observed at the start and at the end of the incubation period at the concentration of 3330 µg/plate. In the absence of S9-mix, precipitation on the plates was also observed at the end of the incubation period at the concentration of 1000 µg/plate.

 

Toxicity

In the absence of S9-mix, a slight to extreme reduction of the bacterial background lawn was observed at test substance concentrations of 333 µg/plate and above. An extreme reduction in the number of revertants or no revertant colonies was observed at 1000 and 3330 µg/plate, respectively. In the presence of S9-mix, a slight to extreme reduction of the bacterial background lawn was observed at test substance concentrations of 1000 and 3330 µg/plate. No revertant colonies were observed at the test substance concentration of 3330 µg/plate.

For detailed results tables kindly refer to the attached background materials section of the IUCLID.

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Conclusions:

Under the study conditions, the test substance is not considered to be mutagenic in the Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli reverse mutation assay.

Executive summary:

A study was conducted to evaluate the in vitro genetic toxicity of the test substance, C8-18 and C18-unsatd. MIPA, according to OECD Guideline 471, in compliance with GLP. In the dose range finding assay, the substance was tested up to concentrations of 5000 µg/plate in the absence and presence of S9-mix in the strains TA100 and WP2 uvrA. The test substance precipitated on the plates at dose levels of 3330 and 5000 μg/plate. In strain TA100, toxicity was observed at dose levels of 333 μg/plate and upwards in the absence of S9-mix and at dose levels of 1000 μg/plate and upwards in the presence of S9-mix. In strain WP2 uvrA, the bacterial background lawn was not reduced at any of the concentrations tested. No biologically relevant decrease in the number of revertants was observed up to the dose level of 3330 μg/plate. Since the test substance precipitated heavily on the plates at the test substance concentration of 5000 µg/plate, the number of revertant colonies of this dose level could not be determined. Based on the results of the dose range finding test, the test substance was tested in the first mutation assay at a concentration range of 3 to 666 µg/plate in the absence of S9-mix and at a concentration range of 10 to 1000 µg/plate in the presence of 5% (v/v) S9-mix in tester strains TA1535, TA1537 and TA98. The test substance did not precipitate on the plates at this dose level. Toxicity was observed in all tester strains, except in tester strain TA98 in the presence of S9-mix. In an independent repeat of the assay with additional parameters, the substance was tested at a concentration range of 3 to 666 µg/plate in the absence of S9-mix and at a concentration range of 10 to 1000 µg/plate in the presence of 10% (v/v) S9-mix in tester strains TA1535, TA1537, TA98 and TA100 and at 10 to 3330 µg/plate in strain WP2 uvrA in the absence and presence of 10% (v/v) S9-mix. Precipitate on the plates was only observed at the dose level of 3330 μg/plate in the absence of S9-mix. Toxicity was observed in all strains, except in TA1535 and TA1537 in the presence of S9-mix and in WP2 uvrA in the absence and presence of S9-mix.  Since in the first experiment in strain TA98 and in the second experiment in strains TA1537 and WP2 uvrA no toxicity or precipitate on the plates was observed in the presence of S9-mix, a third mutation experiment was performed with these and strain TA98 in the presence of S9-mix. The substance was tested up to 5000 µg/plate. There was precipitation on the plates at dose levels of 3330 and 5000 μg/plate, so that the bacterial background could not be determined at 3330 and 5000 μg/plate, except at tester strain WP2 uvrA. Cytotoxicity, as evidenced by a decrease in the number of revertants, was observed in strain TA98 in the presence of 5 and 10 % (v/v) S9-mix. The test substance did not induce a significant dose-related increase in the number of revertant (His+) colonies in each of the four tester strains (TA1535, TA1537, TA98 and TA100) and in the number of revertant (Trp+) colonies in tester strain WP2 uvrA both in the absence and presence of S9-metabolic activation. These results were confirmed in an independently repeated experiment. The negative and strain-specific positive control values were within the laboratory historical control data ranges indicating that the test conditions were adequate and that the metabolic activation system functioned properly. Under the study conditions, the test substance is not considered to be mutagenic in the Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli reverse mutation assay (Verspeek-Rip, 2014).