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EC number: 233-141-3 | CAS number: 10043-67-1
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data

Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to other aquatic vertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Deriving freshwater quality criteria for copper, cadmium, aluminum and manganese for protection of aquatic life in Malaysia
- Author:
- M. Shuhaimi-Othman, Y. Nadzifah, R. Nur-Amalina, N.S. Umirah
- Year:
- 2 013
- Bibliographic source:
- Chemosphere, 90, 2013, 2631-2636
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- In this study, freshwater water quality criteria (WQC) were developed for metals (Cu, Cd, Al, and Mn) based on their acute toxicity to freshwater fish and invertebrates using domestic aquatic organisms. Acute Cu, Cd, Al, and Mn toxicity was determined in earlier studies. These experiments were performed for a 4-d period (96-h) using adult animals or larvae (fourth instar midge larvae and tadpole). Following a range-finding test, five Cu, Cd, Al, and Mn concentrations were chosen. The tests were carried out under static conditions with renewal of the solution every 2 d.
- GLP compliance:
- no
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Aluminium sulphate
- EC Number:
- 233-135-0
- EC Name:
- Aluminium sulphate
- Cas Number:
- 10043-01-3
- Molecular formula:
- Al.3/2H2O4S
- IUPAC Name:
- aluminium sulphate
Constituent 1
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Aluminium sulphate, Al2(SO4)3x18H2O, analytical grade; Supplier: Merck, Darmstadt, Germany
Sampling and analysis
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- Samples of water for metal analysis taken before and immediately after each solution renewal were acidified to 1 % with ARISTAR nitric acid (65%) (BDH Inc., VWR International Ltd., England) before metal analysis by a flame or furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS – Perkin Elmer (Massachusetts, USA), model – Analyst 800) depending on the concentrations. To avoid possible contamination, all glassware and equipment used were acid-washed (20% HNO3 (Dongbu Hitek Co. Ltd., Seoul, Korea, 68%)), and the accuracy of the analyses was checked against blanks. Procedural blanks and quality control samples made from standard solutions for Cu, Cd, Al, and Mn (Spectrosol, BDH, England) were analyzed in every 10 samples in order to check for sample accuracy. Percentage recoveries for metals analyses were between 85% and 105%.
Test solutions
- Vehicle:
- yes
- Details on test solutions:
- Standard stock solutions (100 mg/l) of Cu, Cd, Al, and Mn were prepared from analytical grade metallic salts (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany). The stock solutions were prepared with deionised water in a 1-L volumetric container. Test solutions were prepared by dilution of a stock solution with dechlorinated tap water (filtered by several layers of sand and activated carbon; TC Sediment Filter (TK Multitrade, Seri Kembangan, Malaysia)). A control with dechlorinated tap water only was also used.
Test organisms
- Aquatic vertebrate type (other than fish):
- toad
- Test organisms (species):
- other: Duttaphrynus melanostictus (tadpoles)
- Details on test organisms:
- Tadpoles (Duttaphrynus melanostictus) were collected from the field. Prior to toxicity testing, the organisms were acclimatized for 1 week under laboratory conditions (28–30 °C with 12 h light:12 h d arkness) in 20-L stocking tanks using dechlorinated tap water aerated through an air stone. During acclimation the organisms were fed with commercial food.
Study design
- Test type:
- semi-static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 96 h
Test conditions
- Hardness:
- 17.00 - 20.44 mg/l as CaCO3
- Test temperature:
- 20 - 30 °C
- pH:
- 6.48 - 6.88
- Dissolved oxygen:
- 5.95 - 6.55 mg/l
- Conductivity:
- 175.7 - 184.9 μS/cm
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- not specified; five different concentrations chosen based on range finding tests
- Details on test conditions:
- mean water quality parameters: DOC: 3.2 mg/l; sodium: 10.4 mg/l; potassium: 5.7 mg/l; sulfate: 23.5 mg/l; chloride: 12.2 mg/l; alkalinity: 110 mg/l
- Reference substance (positive control):
- no
Results and discussion
Effect concentrations
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 1.87 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- Al
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Details on results:
- Median lethal concentrations (LC50) for the animals exposed to Al were calculated using measured metal concentrations. FORTRAN programs based on the methods of Lichfield (1949) and Lichfield and Wilcoxon (1949) were used to compute the LC50.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not applicable
- Conclusions:
- The LC50 (96 h, D. melanostictus tadpole) for Aluminium is 1.87 mg/l, corresponding to ca. 11.9 mg/l aluminium sulphate and ca. 17.8 mg/l aluminium potassium bis(sulphate).
- Executive summary:
In this study by Shuhaimi-Othman et al. (published 2013), freshwater water quality criteria (WQC) were developed for metals (Cu, Cd, Al, and Mn) based on their acute toxicity to freshwater fish and invertebrates using domestic aquatic organisms. Acute toxicity was determined in earlier studies. The experiments were performed for a 4-d period (96-h) using adult animals or larvae (fourth instar midge larvae and tadpole). Following a range-finding test, five metal concentrations were chosen. The tests were carried out under static conditions with renewal of the solution every 2 d. Median lethal concentrations (LC50) for the animals exposed to Al were calculated using measured metal concentrations. FORTRAN programs based on the methods of Lichfield (1949) and Lichfield and Wilcoxon (1949) were used to compute the LC50. The reported LC50 (96 h, D. melanostictus tadpole) for Aluminium is 1.87 mg/l, corresponding to ca. 11.9 mg/l aluminium sulphate and ca. 17.8 mg/l aluminium potassium bis(sulphate).
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