Alkanes, C14-17-branched and linear

Endpoint summary

Description of key information

Skin Irritation

Not irritating to the skin

 

Ocular Irritation

Not irritating to eyes

 

Respiratory Irritation

No studies were located to indicate that Hydrocarbons, C14-C17, n-alkanes, <2% aromatics is a respiratory irritant.

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Skin irritation / corrosion

Link to relevant study records

Reference

Endpoint:

skin irritation: in vivo

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

Between 1984/05/23 and 1984/06/01

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Study conducted according to OECD guideline N°404 but not in compliance with GLP.

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 404 (Acute Dermal Irritation / Corrosion)

Deviations:

no

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Guideline study

GLP compliance:

no

Species:

rabbit

Strain:

New Zealand White

Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:

TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Hacking and Churchill Ltd. Huntingdon; Cambridgeshire
- Age at study initiation: 9 to 11 weeks
- Weight at study initiation: 2.1-2.3kg
- Housing: individually
- Diet (e.g. ad libitum): SDS, standard rabbit diet
- Water (e.g. ad libitum): tap water
- Acclimation period: 5 days


ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 19°C
- Humidity (%): 30-70 %
- Air changes (per hr): 19 times/hour
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12 h/ 12h


IN-LIFE DATES: no data

Type of coverage:

semiocclusive

Preparation of test site:

other: Electric clipped

Vehicle:

unchanged (no vehicle)

Controls:

no

Amount / concentration applied:

TEST MATERIAL
- Amount(s) applied (volume or weight with unit): 0.5 mL, undiluted

Duration of treatment / exposure:

4 hours

Observation period:

Skin reaction assessed at 1, 24, 48 and 72 hours, and 5, 10 days after exposure (after the removal of the patch)

Number of animals:

3

Details on study design:

TEST SITE
- Area of exposure: 2.5 cm square gauze pads
- % coverage: no data
- Type of wrap if used: Each treatment site was occluded with "Elastoplast" elastic adhesive dressing.

REMOVAL OF TEST SUBSTANCE
- Washing (if done): the treatment site was washed using distilled water to remove any residual test substance
- Time after start of exposure: just after 4 hours exposure


SCORING SYSTEM: in accordance with the OECD guideline 404

Irritation parameter:

erythema score

Basis:

mean

Time point:

24/48/72 h

Score:

>= 0.67 - <= 2

Max. score:

4

Reversibility:

fully reversible

Irritation parameter:

edema score

Basis:

mean

Time point:

24/48/72 h

Score:

>= 0 - <= 1.33

Max. score:

4

Reversibility:

fully reversible

Irritant / corrosive response data:

See Table I, the test substance is slightly irritating:
- Very slight reactions were seen in two animals during the 4 days observation period. The skin of both animals was normal on day 4
- Very slight erythema was seen in the third animal following removal of the bandage. By day 2, well defined erythema with slight oedema had developed and persisted to day 8. The skin was normal on day 10.

Other effects:

None

Table 5.2.1/1: Irritant/corrosive response data for each animal at each observation time up to removal of each animal from the test

Score at time point / Reversibility	Erythema	Edema
	Max. score: 4	Max. score: 4
24 h	1/1/2	0/0/0
48 h	1/1/2	0/1/2
72 h	0/0/2	0/1/2
Average 24h, 48h, 72h	0.67-0.67 -2	0-0.67 -1.33
Reversibility*	c	c
Average time (unit) for reversion	within day 10	within day 10

C: completely reversible

Interpretation of results:

other: Not irritating

Remarks:

Criteria used for interpretation of results: EU

Conclusions:

Under the test conditions, Petrepar-147 is not classified as skin irritant according to the criteria of Annex VI of the Directive 67/548/EEC and the CLP Regulation 1272/2008.

Executive summary:

In a primary dermal irritation study conducted according to OECD 404 without compliance in GLP, three rabbits were exposed to 0.5 mL of Petrepar-147. Test sites were covered with a semi-occlusive dressing for 4 hours. Animals then were observed for 10 days. The skin reactions were assessed at 1, 24, 48 and 72 hours, as well as 5 and 10 days after removal of the dressing. The mean score was calculated across 3 scoring times; 24, 48 and 72 hours after patch removal, for each animal separately.

The mean individual scores were 0.67, 0.67, 2.0 for erythema and 0.00, 0.67, 1.33 for edema. Skin reactions were totally reversible at day 10. Petrepar-147 is slightly irritating.

Based upon the directive 67/548/EEC and the CLP Regulation 1272/2008, Petrepar-147 is not considered as irritating to the rabbit skin.

Endpoint conclusion

Endpoint conclusion:

no adverse effect observed (not irritating)

Eye irritation

Link to relevant study records

Reference

Endpoint:

eye irritation: in vivo

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

30 May to 6 June 1984

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Study performed according to OECD guideline N°405 but not in compliance with GLP. Substance analytical certificate provided by the manufacturer

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 405 (Acute Eye Irritation / Corrosion)

Deviations:

no

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Guideline study

GLP compliance:

no

Species:

rabbit

Strain:

New Zealand White

Details on test animals or tissues and environmental conditions:

TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Pemberley Rabbits, Cottenham, Cambridgeshire
- Age at study initiation: approximately 9 to 11 weeks
- Weight at study initiation: 2.1 to 2.5
- Housing: individually in metal cages with perforated floors
- Diet : Free access to SDS Standard Rabbit Diet
- Water : Free access to tap water
- Acclimation period: yes but no data on period


ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): maintained at approximately 19°C
- Humidity (%): maintained at approximately 30-70%
- Air changes: maintained at approximately 19 air changes per hours
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): lighting was controlled to give 12 hours of artificial light (07.00-19.00) in each 24 hour period

Vehicle:

not specified

Controls:

other: the contralateral eye remained untreated and served as a control

Amount / concentration applied:

TEST MATERIAL
- Amount(s) applied: 0.1 mL

Duration of treatment / exposure:

7 days

Observation period (in vivo):

Examinations at 1, 24, 48, 72 hours and on Day 4 and 7.

Number of animals or in vitro replicates:

3 animals

Details on study design:

SCORING SYSTEM: as prescribed by OECD No 405 guideline

TOOL USED TO ASSESS SCORE: handheld torch

Irritation parameter:

cornea opacity score

Basis:

mean

Remarks:

individual scores in all animals

Time point:

24/48/72 h

Score:

0

Max. score:

4

Remarks on result:

other: See Table 1 for details

Irritation parameter:

iris score

Basis:

mean

Remarks:

individual scores in all animals

Time point:

24/48/72 h

Score:

0

Max. score:

2

Remarks on result:

other: See Table 1 for details

Irritation parameter:

conjunctivae score

Basis:

animal: #1, #2 mean individual score

Time point:

24/48/72 h

Score:

0.33

Max. score:

3

Reversibility:

fully reversible

Remarks:

48 hours

Remarks on result:

other: See Table 1 for details

Irritation parameter:

conjunctivae score

Basis:

animal #3

Remarks:

mean individual score

Time point:

24/48/72 h

Score:

0

Max. score:

3

Remarks on result:

other: See Table 1 for details

Irritation parameter:

chemosis score

Basis:

animal #1

Remarks:

mean individual score

Time point:

24/48/72 h

Score:

0.33

Max. score:

4

Reversibility:

fully reversible

Remarks:

48 hours

Remarks on result:

other: See Table 1 for details

Irritation parameter:

chemosis score

Basis:

animal: #2, #3 mean individual score

Time point:

24/48/72 h

Score:

0

Max. score:

4

Remarks on result:

other: See Table 1 for details

Irritant / corrosive response data:

No corneal damage or iridal inflammation was observed. A diffuse crimson-red coloration of the conjunctivae was only observed in two animals one hour after instillation. Temporary mild conjunctival irritation was noted in the third animal. The eyes were normal 48 hours after instillation in all rabbits.

Other effects:

No other lesions

Table 1: Irritant/corrosive response data for each animal at each observation time up to removal of each animal from the test

Score at time point / Reversibility	Cornea	Iris	Conjunctivae	Chemosis
	Max. score: 4	Max. score: 2	Max. score: 3	Max. score: 4
24 h	0/0/0	0/0/0	1/1/0	1/0/0
48 h	0/0/0	0/0/0	0/0/0	0/0/0
72 h	0/0/0	0/0/0	0/0/0	0/0/0
Average 24h, 48h, 72h	0.0-0.0-0.0	0.0-0.0-0.0	0.33-0.33-0.0	0.33-0.0-0.0
Reversibility*)	-	-	48 h	48 h
Average time (unit) for reversion	-	-	c	c

*)Reversibility: c. = completely reversible; = not completely reversible; n. = not reversible

Interpretation of results:

other: Not irritating

Remarks:

Criteria used for interpretation of results: EU

Conclusions:

Petrepar-147 is not classified as eye irritant according to the criteria of Annex VI of the Directive 67/548/EEC and the CLP Regulation 1272/2008.

Executive summary:

The eye irritant effect of Petrepar-147 was investigated according to the OECD Guideline No. 405 (1981).

Three albino rabbits were exposed to 0.1 mL of the test article in one eye. The eyes were examined and the changes were graded according to a numerical scale 1, 24, 48 and 78 hrs and on day 4 and 7 after dosing. The eyes were not rinsed after administration of the test substance.

No corneal damage or iridal inflammation was observed. Redness and chemosis were observed in all animals, one hour after instillation. Slight redness was still observed in two animals at 24 hours while slight chemosis was only observed in one rabbit. The eyes of all rabbits were normal 48 hours after instillation. The mean individual scores were 0.33/0.33/0.0 for conjunctival redness and 0.33/0.0/0.0 for chemosis.

Petrepar-147 is not considered as irritating to the eyes according to Annex VI of the Directive 67/548/EEC and CLP Regulation 1272/2008.

Endpoint conclusion

Endpoint conclusion:

no adverse effect observed (not irritating)

Respiratory irritation

Endpoint conclusion

Endpoint conclusion:

no study available

Additional information

There is skin/eye irritation data available for Hydrocarbons, C14-C17, n-alkanes, <2% aromatics, as well as for structural analogues, Hydrocarbons, C14 -C19, isoalkanes, cyclics, <2% aromatics and isohexadecane. This data is read across to Hydrocarbons, C14 -C17, n-alkanes, <2% aromatics based on analogue read across and a discussion and report on the read across strategy is provided as an attachment in IUCLID Section 13.

Skin irritation

Hydrocarbons, C14 -C17, n-alkanes, <2% aromatics

In a primary dermal irritation study (Petroquimica, 1984) conducted according to OECD 404 without compliance in GLP, three rabbits were exposed to 0.5 mL of Petrepar-147. Test sites were covered with a semi-occlusive dressing for 4 hours. Animals then were observed for 10 days. The skin reactions were assessed at 1, 24, 48 and 72 hours, as well as 5 and 10 days after removal of the dressing. The mean score was calculated across 3 scoring times; 24, 48 and 72 hours after patch removal, for each animal separately. The mean individual scores were 0.67, 0.67, 2.0 for erythema and 0.00, 0.67, 1.33 for edema. Skin reactions were totally reversible at day 10. Petrepar-147 is slightly irritating.

Hydrocarbons, C14 -C19, isoalkanes, cyclics, <2% aromatics

In a primary dermal irritation study conducted according to OECD guideline N°404, six young adult male New Zealand White rabbits were dermally exposed to 0.5 mL of MRD-94 -974 (ExxonMobil, 1995). Test sites were covered with a semi-occlusive dressing for 4 hours. The skin reactions were assessed at 1, 24, 48 and 72 hours after removal of the dressing. The mean score was calculated across 3 scoring times for all animals at 24, 48 and 72 hours after patch removal. The mean scores over 24, 48 and 72 hours were 0.0 for erythema and for oedema.

Isohexadecane

In a clinical test including 15 human volunteers, isohexadecane was applied undiluted on upper arm in occlusive consitions (patch) for 24 h. Skin reactions were scored 30 min and 24 h after removal of the patch. Mild signs of irritation were observed in only 3 volunteers and only slight signs of irritation in 8 volunteers in worse conditions (24-h exposure, occlusive conditions), leading to the conclusion that isohexadecane is not irritant for human skin (Hill Top Research, 1994a).

The skin irritating properties of the substance BP solvent IH/isohexadecane was assessed in White Vienna rabbits (3 animals of both sexes). The test substance was applied on a wipe put in contact with the shaved skin under semi-occlusive dressing for 24 hours. At the end of exposure, skin reactions were recorded both at 24 hours (patch removal) and 48 hours after the end of exposure (i.e. 72 -hour time observation) according to the Draize scale. Complete observation time was 14 days. No systemic effect was observed following exposure to BP Solvent IH/Isohexadecan. Behavior, general state, fur, food consumption and body weight development were normal (INEOS, 1980).

Eye irritation

Hydrocarbons, C14 -C17, n-alkanes, <2% aromatics

The eye irritant effect of Petrepar-147 was investigated according to the OECD Guideline No. 405 (1981). Three albino rabbits were exposed to 0.1 mL of the test article in one eye. The eyes were examined and the changes were graded according to a numerical scale 1, 24, 48 and 78 hrs and on day 4 and 7 after dosing. The eyes were not rinsed after administration of the test substance. No corneal damage or iridal inflammation was observed. Redness and chemosis were observed in all animals, one hour after instillation. Slight redness was still observed in two animals at 24 hours while slight chemosis was only observed in one rabbit. The eyes of all rabbits were normal 48 hours after instillation. The mean individual scores were 0.33/0.33/0.0 for conjunctival redness and 0.33/0.0/0.0 for chemosis (Petroquimica, 1984).

Isohexadecane 

The irritant potential of the substance BP Solvent IH/Isohexadecane was assessed by applying 0.1 mL of the test substance in the conjunctival sac of the left eye of 6 male Himalayan rabbits (INEOS, 1980). After application the animals lid were kept closed for 1 second. The right eye was used as control and received 0.1 mL of physiological NaCl solution. The eyes were examined and the changes were graded according to a numerical scale at 15 min, 1, 24, 48 and 72 hours after dosing. No conjunctival chemosis, corneal and iridal lesion were observed throughout the observation period. Slight redness of the conjunctivae was observed in all animals at 1 hour but only in one animal by the 24 hours after instillation. At 48-hour observation period, no redness was observed in any rabbit. Hence, the mean individual score for redness was 0.33-0.0-0.0.  

Respiratory Irritation:

no studies available

Justification for classification or non-classification

Skin Irritation:

Based on available read across data, Hydrocarbons, C14-C17, n-alkanes, <2% aromatics does not meet the criteria for classification for skin Irritation under the new Regulation (EC) 1272/2008 on classification, labeling and packaging of substances and mixtures (CLP).

 

Eye Irritation:

Based on available read across data, Hydrocarbons, C14-C17, n-alkanes, <2% aromatics does not meet the criteria for classification as an ocular irritant under the new Regulation (EC) 1272/2008 on classification, labeling and packaging of substances and mixtures (CLP).

 

Respiratory Irritation:

There are no studies that warrant classification as a respiratory irritant under the new Regulation (EC) 1272/2008 on classification, labeling and packaging of substances and mixtures (CLP).