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EC number: 269-110-6 | CAS number: 68187-58-6 The residue from the distillation of thermal cracked or steam-cracked residuum and/or catalytic cracked clarified oil with a softening point from 40°C to 180°C (104°F to 356°F). Composed primarily of a complex combination of three or more membered condensed ring aromatic hydrocarbons.
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Genetic toxicity in vitro
Description of key information
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- in vitro gene mutation study in bacteria
- Remarks:
- Type of genotoxicity: gene mutation
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 08 Aug. - 01 Sep. 2007
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: GLP study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 471 (Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay)
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method B.13/14 (Mutagenicity - Reverse Mutation Test Using Bacteria)
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Type of assay:
- bacterial reverse mutation assay
- Species / strain / cell type:
- S. typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98 and TA 100
- Species / strain / cell type:
- S. typhimurium TA 102
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Metabolic activation system:
- Microsomal fraction prepared from induced livers of male Wistar rats, induced with phenobarbital (80 mg/kg bw) and ß-naphthoflavone (100 mg/kg bw) orally (3x)
- Test concentrations with justification for top dose:
- 1st experiment: 31.6, 100, 316, 1000, 2500, and 5000 µg/plate (+/-S9)
2nd experiment: 62.5, 125, 250, 500, 1000, 3000, and 5000 µg/plate (TA 98, TA 100, +/- S9)
125, 250, 500, 1000, 3000, and 5000 µg/plate (TA 1535, TA 102, +/- S9)
15.8, 50, 158, 500, 1580, and 5000 µg/plate (TA 1537, +/- S9) - Vehicle / solvent:
- - Vehicle(s)/solvent(s) used: DMSO
- Justification for choice of solvent/vehicle: compatible with survival of bacteria and S9 activity - Untreated negative controls:
- yes
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Positive control substance:
- other: see Report p. 16
- Details on test system and experimental conditions:
- METHOD OF APPLICATION:
in agar (plate incorporation)
DETERMINATION OF CYTOTOXICITY
- Method: relative total growth/colony formation
- Evaluation criteria:
- Considered as mutagenic
- if a clear and dose-related increase in the number of revertants occurs in at least one tester with or without metabolic activation
and/or
- if a biologically relevant positive response for at least one of the dose groups occurs in at least one tester with or without metabolic activation.
An increase is considered relevant
- if in TA 100 and TA 102 mutation rate is at least twice as high as the rate of the solvent control;
- if in TA 98, TA 1535, and TA 1537 the mutation rate is at least 3x higher than that of the solvent control.
- Statistics:
- According to the OECD guidelines, the biological relevance is the criterion for the interpretation of the results: a statistical evaluation was not considered necessary under this premise (report p. 21).
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium, other: TA 98, TA 100, TA 1537
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- positive
- Remarks:
- reproducible, dose response
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- no cytotoxicity
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium, other: TA 1535, TA 102
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Remarks:
- reproducible in both tests
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- no cytotoxicity
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Additional information on results:
- TEST-SPECIFIC CONFOUNDING FACTORS
- Precipitation: yes, at test concentrations of >= 31.6 µg/plate
- Conclusions:
- Interpretation of results (migrated information):
positive
Reference
Considerable mutagenic activity was found in the absence of metabolic activation: a maximum mutation factor of 33.4 was reached in TA 98 at a dose of 3000 µg/plate.
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- adverse effect observed (positive)
Additional information
Mutagenicity of pitch, petroleum, arom. (petro pitch) was tested in a bacterial reverse mutation assay (Ames test) according to OECD TG 471/EU Method B.13/14. Petro pitch proved to be positive in three of five tester strains. Additional cytotoxicity/mutagenicity tests were not conducted as pitch petroleum, arom, is self-classified as mutagenic (Muta. 1B) and carcinogenic (Carc 1B) due to its content of benzo[a]pyrene (≥ 0.1 %), a substance classified as carcinogenic and mutagenic (Carc. 1B, Muta.1B).
Justification for classification or non-classification
Pitch, petroleum, arom. (petro pitch) contains benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) in concentrations up to 0.14 %. BaP is known to be mutagenic and is classified as mutagenic Cat. 1B. In an Ames test, petro pitch was demonstrated to be mutagenic. Based on BaP content, pitch, petroleum, arom. is classified as mutagenic Cat 1B by the registrant.
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