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EC number: 272-183-7 | CAS number: 68783-07-3 A complex combination obtained from various refinery processes. It consists of hydrogen, hydrogen sulfide and hydrocarbons having carbon numbers predominantly in the range of C1 through C5.
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
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Specific investigations: other studies
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- specific investigations: other studies
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Non-GLP, non-guideline, animal experimental study. Limitations in design and/or reporting but otherwise adequate for assessment
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- The relative anaesthetic activity of the butanes and pentanes
- Author:
- Stoughton RW and Lamson PD
- Year:
- 1 936
- Bibliographic source:
- J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. Vol 58 pp 70-77
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The times taken for groups of mice to produce "light anaesthesia", "complete anaesthesia" and lethality were determined. The effects of isobutane on dogs was also examined.
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Type of method:
- in vivo
- Endpoint addressed:
- acute toxicity: inhalation
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Isobutane
- EC Number:
- 200-857-2
- EC Name:
- Isobutane
- Cas Number:
- 75-28-5
- Molecular formula:
- C4H10
- IUPAC Name:
- isobutane
Constituent 1
Test animals
- Species:
- other: other: mouse and dog
- Strain:
- not specified
- Sex:
- not specified
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- No details reported
Administration / exposure
- Route of administration:
- inhalation: gas
- Vehicle:
- other: other: mice - none. Dogs - oxygen
- Details on exposure:
- Mice: The time taken to produce "light anaesthesia" was determined by placing 2 mice in a 2L bottle filled with gas mixture at a known concentration and the bottle revolved mechanically at 14RPM. "Complete anaesthesia" was obtained by placing 5 mice in a 20 L bottle containing the gas mixture and a suspended bag of soda lime.
Dogs: Anaesthesia induced using a gas-oxygen machine, mask, soda-lime tube and gas bag. A Magill catheter with Guedel inflatable cuff was introduced and the dog connected with a spirometer containing the gas mixture. In order to avoid the high initial concentration necessary for cannula insertion, some dogs were anaesthetised by having their heads inside a specially designed gas chamber in which the concentration of gas could be controlled. - Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
- not specified
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 2 hours (mice). No details reported for dogs.
- Frequency of treatment:
- Single exposure
- Post exposure period:
- 48 hours.
Doses / concentrations
- Remarks:
- Doses / Concentrations:
6.7, 8.9, 11.3, 15.6, 17.9, 23.1 mM/L
Basis:
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- Mice: 6 for 6.7, 8.9 and 11.3 mM/L, 10 for 15.6, 17.9 and 23.1 mM/L
Dogs: no details reported - Control animals:
- other: positive controls - ether and cyclopropane
- Details on study design:
- The endpoint for “light anaesthesia” was taken as the degree of anaesthesia in which the mouse was unable to maintain an upright position, in a bottle revolving at 14 RPM. The endpoint for “complete anaesthesia” was the degree of anaesthesia in which the mouse was unable to regain an upright position after shaking the bottle. Lethality was recorded as the percentage of mice that died after 2 hours exposure to a given concentration.
Examinations
- Positive control:
- positive controls - ether and cyclopropane
Results and discussion
- Details on results:
- Mortality
No mortality following exposure to 6.7, 8.9, 11.3 or 15.6 mM/L. 60% and 100% mortality after 2 hours of exposure at 17.9 and 23.1 mM/L respectively. The average time to death was 72 and 28 mins for 17.9 and 23.1 mM/L respectively.
Clinical signs
Considerable excitement in mice during anaesthesia. On removal from the jar after 2 hours exposure, the mice recovered in 1-2 minutes. There were no abnormalities seen in the surviving mice 24-48 hours after cessation of exposure.
Dogs: Isobutane required a concentration of about 45% for anaesthesia and death occurred at concentrations of 55%.
Any other information on results incl. tables
Isobutane produced considerable excitement in mice during anaesthesia, but recovery of surviving mice after the 2 hour exposure was quick (1-2 mins). All surviving mice were normal for 24-48 hours after cessation of exposure.
In the dog, it was extremely difficult to produce good anaesthesia and relaxation with isobutane whereas control experiments with cyclopropane were carried out with ease.
Isobutane only gave good anaesthesia and relaxation at an almost lethal concentration (45% for anaesthesia , death at 55%).
Anaesthetic action of isobutane in mice:
(based on Stoughton RW and Lamson PD, 1936. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. Vol 58 pp 70-77, Table 1)
concentration |
No. Mice |
Time to light anaesthesia (mins) |
Time to full anaesthesia (mins) |
% mortality 2 hours |
Mean time to death (mins) |
Mean recovery time |
|
(mM/L) |
volume (%) |
||||||
6.7 |
15 |
6 |
60 |
|
0 |
- |
|
8.9 |
20 |
6 |
17 |
|
0 |
- |
|
11.3 |
23 |
6 |
26 |
|
0 |
- |
|
15.6 |
35 |
10 |
|
25 |
0 |
- |
3 |
17.9 |
41 |
10 |
|
3 |
60 |
72 |
4 |
23.1 |
52 |
10 |
|
2 |
100 |
28 |
|
The acute inhalation LC50(2 hour) in mice =>15.6 mM/L <17.9 mM/L. (>35% <41%) The acute inhalation LC50(2 hour) in mice = 410,000 ppm (974 mg/L) |
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- Isobutane produced excitement in mice during anaesthesia, but recovery of surviving mice after the 2 hour exposure was rapid (1-2 mins). All surviving mice showed no clinical signs for the 24-48 hours observed after cessation of exposure. In the dog, good anaesthesia and relaxation with isobutane was difficult except at concentrations which were practically lethal (45% for anaesthesia , death at 55%).
- Executive summary:
Isobutane produced excitement in mice during anaesthesia, but recovery of surviving mice after the 2 hour exposure was rapid (1-2 mins). All surviving mice showed no clinical signs for the 24-48 hours observed after cessation of exposure. In the dog, good anaesthesia and relaxation with isobutane was difficult except at concentrations which were practically lethal (45% for anaesthesia, death at 55%). Control experiments with cyclopropane were carried out with ease.
Isobutane only gave good anaesthesia and relaxation at an almost lethal concentration (45% for anaesthesia, death at 55%)
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