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Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

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Reference
Endpoint:
long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
key study
Study period:
1998
Reliability:
1 (reliable without restriction)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
guideline study
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
other: OECD Guideline 202, part 2 "Daphnia sp., Reproduction Test"
Deviations:
not applicable
GLP compliance:
yes
Analytical monitoring:
yes
Details on sampling:
The tested concentrations were measured before and after renewal of the test water, 4 times during the test period.
Vehicle:
yes
Details on test solutions:
Vehicle/Solvent and Concentrations: DMF (N,N-Dimethylformamide) and HCO-40 were used as solvents in the tests. The concentrations of DMF and HCO-40 in stock solution were 1000 mg/L each. The total final concentrations of the two solvents for the tests were 20 mg/L.

Stock Solutions Preparations and Stability: The test substance (100 mg) was dissolved in DMF (500 mg), and HCO-40 (500 mg) was added. The amount of the test solution was adjusted to 500 mL by dilution water (test substance 200 mg/L).
Test organisms (species):
Daphnia magna
Details on test organisms:
Test Organisms:
a) Age: < 24 hours old
b) Supplier / Source: National Institute for Environmental Studies (JAPAN)
Test type:
semi-static
Water media type:
freshwater
Limit test:
no
Total exposure duration:
21 d
Post exposure observation period:
None
Hardness:
Dilution water: 63 mg/L (as CaCO3)
Test temperature:
19.7-20.9°C
pH:
7.1-8.0
Dissolved oxygen:
6.7-8.6 mg/L
Salinity:
No data
Nominal and measured concentrations:
Nominal Concentrations (as mg/L): 0, 0.100, 0.210, 0.450, 0.950 and 2.00
Measured Concentrations (as mg/L): 0.074, 0.152, 0.353, 0.711 and 1.59

Details on test conditions:
Test Conditions:
a) Dilution Water Source: Dechlorinated tap water
b) Dilution Water Chemistry: Hardness (as CaCO3) 63 mg/L, pH 8.1 (22 degrees centigrade), Alkalinity 45 mg/L, Chlorine concentration < 0.01 mg/L
c) Exposure Vessel Type: 80 mL test solution in a 100 mL Glass Beaker covered with Teflon Sheet
d) Nominal Concentrations (as mg/L): 0, 0.100, 0.210, 0.450, 0.950 and 2.00
e) Vehicle/Solvent and Concentrations: DMF (N,N-Dimethylformamide) and HCO-40 were used as solvents in the tests. The concentrations of DMF and HCO-40 in stock solution were 1,000 mg/L each. The total final concentrations of the two solvents for the tests were 20 mg/L.
f) Stock Solutions Preparations and Stability: The test substance (100 mg) was dissolved in DMF (500 mg), and HCO-40 (500 mg) was added. The amount of the test solution was adjusted to 500 mL by dilution water (test substance 200 mg/L).
g) Number of Replicates: 10
h) Individuals per Replicates: 1
i) Renewal Rate of Test Water: 3 times per a week
j) Water Temperature: 19.7 - 20.9°C
k) Light Condition: 16:8 hours, light-darkness cycle, not more than 1200 lux
l) Feeding: 0.15 mg carbon/day/individual (Chlorella Vulgaris)
Reference substance (positive control):
not specified
Duration:
21 d
Dose descriptor:
NOEC
Effect conc.:
0.353 mg/L
Nominal / measured:
meas. (TWA)
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
reproduction
Duration:
21 d
Dose descriptor:
LOEC
Effect conc.:
0.711 mg/L
Nominal / measured:
meas. (TWA)
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
reproduction
Duration:
21 d
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
0.718 mg/L
Nominal / measured:
meas. (TWA)
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
reproduction
Duration:
21 d
Dose descriptor:
LC50
Effect conc.:
1.06 mg/L
Nominal / measured:
meas. (TWA)
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
mortality
Details on results:
- Cumulative Number of Dead Parental Daphnia: 21 days; Control (0), 0.100 mg/L (0), 0.210 mg/L (0), 0.450 mg/L (0), 0.950 mg/L (0) and 2.00 mg/L (10)
- Time (days) of the First Production of Young: Control (7 - 8), 0.100 mg/L (7 - 10), 0.210 mg/L (7 - 11), 0.450 mg/L (7 - 8), 0.950 mg/L (8 - 9) and 2.00 mg/L (0)
- Mean Cumulative Number of Young Production per Adult: Control (87.9), 0.100 mg/L (110.8), 0.210 mg/L (114.1), 0.450 mg/L 120.0), 0.950 mg/L (52.8) and 2.00 mg/L (0)
- Calculation of toxic values: Based on the measured concentrations, because some data of the measured concentrations were <80 % of the nominal concentrations
Reported statistics and error estimates:
Data Analysis: Binominal Method for LC50, Logit and Binominal Method for EC50, Dunnette/William Multiple Comparison test for NOEC and LOEC  
Method of Calculating Mean Measured Concentrations (i.e. arithmetic mean, geometric mean, etc.): Time-weighted Mean measured concentration during 21 days
Validity criteria fulfilled:
yes
Conclusions:
The NOEC and LOEC was 0.353 and 0.711 mg/L, respectively. The EC50 and LC50 was 0.718 and 1.06 mg/L, respectively.
Executive summary:

The study was conducted according to OECD Guideline 202, part 2 "Daphnia sp., Reproduction Test". The NOEC and LOEC was 0.353 and 0.711 mg/L, respectively. The EC50 and LC50 was 0.718 and 1.06 mg/L, respectively.

Description of key information

A GLP-study according to OECD guideline 202 Part 2 (Daphnia Reproduction Test) is available for the reaction mass of divinylbenzene and ethylstyrene. The 21-day NOEC (based on reproduction) for DVB-HP (80% divinylbenzene/20% ethylstyrene) was 0.353 mg/L in a chronic exposure with Daphnia magna.

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Fresh water invertebrates

Fresh water invertebrates
Effect concentration:
0.353 mg/L

Additional information

One high quality (Klimisch rating 1) chronic toxicity study with Daphnia magna was performed using DVB-HP (approximately 80% divinylbenzene and 20% ethylstyrene). The 21-day NOEC (based on reproduction) was 0.353 mg/L. The 21-day LOEC and EC50 (based on reproduction) were 0.711 mg/L and 0.718 mg/L, respectively. The 21-day LC50 was 1.06 mg/L. Since the toxicity of the reaction mass of divinylbenzene/ethystyrene increases with increasing divinylbenzene content (based on data from acute toxicity studies with Daphnia magna and freshwater fish), the NOEC for DVB-HP is expected to be a conservative estimate of toxicity for all other grades of the reaction mass of divinylbenzene and ethystyrene containing less than 80% divinylbenzene.