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EC number: 614-074-2 | CAS number: 675106-31-7
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 021
- Report date:
- 2021
Materials and methods
Test guidelineopen allclose all
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.2 (Acute Toxicity for Daphnia)
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- oxo[(oxoalumanyl)oxy]alumane
- EC Number:
- 614-074-2
- Cas Number:
- 675106-31-7
- Molecular formula:
- UVCB
- IUPAC Name:
- oxo[(oxoalumanyl)oxy]alumane
- Test material form:
- solid: fibres
Constituent 1
Sampling and analysis
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- Samples were taken from the control and the 100% v/v saturated solution test group from the bulk test preparation at 0 hours and from the pooled replicates at 48 hours for quantitative analysis. All 0-Hour samples were stored frozen and taken for analysis with the 48-Hour samples. Duplicate sets of samples were taken at 0 and 48 hours and stored frozen for further analysis if necessary.
Test solutions
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
- A nominal amount of test item (550 mg) was dispersed in 11 L of test water with the aid of propeller stirring at approximately 1500 rpm for 24 hours. After 24 hours the stirring was stopped and any undissolved test item was removed by filtration through a 0.2 μm Sartorius Sartopore filter (the first approximate 1 L used to pre-condition the filter was discarded), to give a 100% v/v saturated solution.
Test organisms
- Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Daphnia magna
- Strain/clone: Straus
- Justification for species other than prescribed by test guideline: Standard as per test guideline
- Age at study initiation (mean and range, SD): Less that 24 hours old
- Weight at study initiation (mean and range, SD): Not specified
- Length at study initiation (length definition, mean, range and SD): Not specified
- Stage and instar at study initiation: First instar
- Method of breeding: Obtained from in house cultures and conditions ensured that reproduction was by parthenogenesis.
- Source: In-house cultures
- Age of parental stock (mean and range, SD): Not specified
- Feeding during test
- Food type: No feeding during test
ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: Not specified
- Acclimation conditions (same as test or not): Same as test
- Type and amount of food: Each culture was fed with a mixture of algal suspension (Raphidocelis subcapitata) and GEMMA Micro 300 fish food suspension.
- Feeding frequency: Daily
- Health during acclimation (any mortality observed): None noted
METHOD FOR PREPARATION AND COLLECTION OF EARLY INSTARS OR OTHER LIFE STAGES, INCLUDING CULTURING CONDITIONS: Gravid adults were isolated the day before initiation of the test, such that the young daphnids produced overnight were less than 24 hours old.
Study design
- Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- yes
- Total exposure duration:
- 48 h
- Remarks on exposure duration:
- Standard as per OECD guideline
- Post exposure observation period:
- Not required
Test conditions
- Hardness:
- The reconstituted water had an approximate theoretical total hardness of 250 mg/L as CaCO3.
- Test temperature:
- Maintained at approximately 19 to 20°C throughout the test
- pH:
- Control: 7.3 to 7.9
Test (0.14 mg/L as aluminium): 7.6 to 7.9 - Dissolved oxygen:
- Control: 8 to 9.3 mg O2/L
Test (0.14 mg/L as aluminium): 9.2 to 9.5 mg O2/L - Salinity:
- Not specified
- Conductivity:
- Not specified
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal: Control and 0.19 mg/L as aluminium (loading rate 50 mg/L)
Measured: Control and 0.14 mg/L as aluminium - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: 150 mL glass vessels
- Type (delete if not applicable): open although covered to reduce evaporation
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: 150 mL vessels containing 100 mL of test or control preparations.
- Volume of solution: 100 mL
- Aeration: No
- No. of organisms per vessel: 5
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 4
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 4
- Biomass loading rate: Not specified
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Reconstituted water (ISO media) used for the range-finding and definitive tests. The reconstituted water had a pH of 7.8 ±0.2 adjusted (if necessary) with NaOH or HCl and was aerated until the dissolved oxygen concentration was approximately air-saturation value. The reconstituted water had an approximate theoretical total hardness of 250 mg/L as CaCO3.
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: Only where necessary in stock water
- Photoperiod: The lighting cycle was controlled to give a 16 hours light and 8 hours darkness cycle with 20 minute dawn and dusk transition periods.
- Light intensity: between 200 and 1200 Lux
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) : Any immobilization or adverse reactions to exposure were recorded at 24 and 48 hours after the start of exposure. The criterion of effect used was that Daphnia were considered to be immobilized if they were unable to swim within 15 seconds after gentle agitation.
VEHICLE CONTROL PERFORMED: No as no vehicle utilised
RANGE-FINDING STUDY
- Test concentrations: Control, 0.1, 1.0, 10 and 100% v/v saturated solution
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: No immobilization was observed at the test concentrations of 1.0, 10 and 100% v/v saturated solution however; a single immobilization was observed at 0.10% v/v saturated solution.
Sub-lethal effects of exposure were observed in the control, 0.10, 1.0 and 10% v/v saturated solution test concentrations. These responses were trapping at the surface and reduced mobility. Given that effects were also observed in the control and no effects were observed in the 100% v/v saturated solution test concentration, effects seen are considered not to be test item related.
Based on this information, a single test concentration of four replicates, of 100% v/v saturated solution was selected for the definitive test. This experimental design conforms to a "Limit test" to confirm that at highest attainable test concentration, no significant immobilization was observed. - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- Potassium dichromate
Results and discussion
Effect concentrationsopen allclose all
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EL50
- Effect conc.:
- > 50 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat. (total fraction)
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 0.14 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (initial)
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- Aluminium
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Details on results:
- Verification of test solutions:
The substance is considered as insoluble and a UVCB with variable composition. The batch of test sample used in the study had a high concentration of Alumina and as such was considered to be pure and as a result, a saturation solution approach was used. The results of the alumina release represent the test item as a whole, with relatively low levels of alumina released into the solution at saturation concentration reflecting the low inherent solubility of the substance despite high alumina content. Analysis of the test preparation at 0 hours showed a measured test concentration of 0.14 mg/L as Aluminium. There was no significant change in the measured concentration at 48 hours and so the results are based on the 0-Hour measured test concentration only.
Immobilisation data:
There was no significant immobilization in 20 daphnids exposed to a test concentration of 0.14 mg/L as Aluminium for a period of 48 hours (5% immobilization observed). - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- A positive control study used potassium dichromate as the reference item at concentrations of 0.32, 0.56, 1.0, 1.8 and 3.2 mg/L. The positive control was conducted between 05 January 2021 and 29 January 2021 and provided a 48 hour EC50 of 0.50 mg/L.
Analysis of the immobilization data was carried out using the Weibull analysis using linear maximum-likelihood regression at 24 and 48 hours. All statistical analysis was carried out using the ToxRat Professional computer software package. The results from the positive control with potassium dichromate were within the normal range for this reference item. - Reported statistics and error estimates:
- Due to the nature of the data it was not possible to calculate the slope and error of response curve at 24 and 48 hours.
Any other information on results incl. tables
Cumulative immobilisation observed in the definitive test:
0-hour measured concentration (mg/L as aluminium) |
48 hours |
|||||||||
Cumulative Immobilized Daphnia (Initial Population: 5 Per Replicate)
|
Observations |
|||||||||
R1 |
R2 |
R3 |
R4 |
Total |
% |
R1 |
R2 |
R3 |
R4 |
|
Control |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
5N |
5N |
5N |
5N |
0.14 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
5 |
5N |
5N |
5N |
5N |
Analytical results of test samples
Time point (hours) |
Nominal concentration of test item in sample (% v/v saturated solution) |
Determined concentration of aluminium in test sample (mg/L Al) |
Percentage of nominal concentration (%) |
0 |
Control |
< LOQ |
- |
100 |
0.143 |
- |
|
48 |
Control |
<LOQ |
- |
100 |
0.148 |
- |
|
P. Rec 1 |
0.0250 |
0.0253 |
101 |
P. Rec 2 |
0.0250 |
0.0260 |
104 |
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Remarks:
- The test was considered to be valid given that none of the control daphnids showed immobilization or other signs of disease or stress and that the oxygen concentration at the end of the test was equal to or greater than 3 mg/L in the control and test vess
- Conclusions:
- The acute toxicity of the test item to the freshwater invertebrate Daphnia magna has been investigated and based on the 0-Hour measured test concentration gave a 48 hour EC50 value of greater than 0.14 mg/L as Aluminium (> 50 mg/L as nominal loading rate). This study showed that there were no toxic effects at saturation.
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