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Administrative data

Description of key information

In a GLP-compliant Buehler test conducted according to EPA OPP 81-6 with L(+)-lactic acid, at all concentrations tested (3, 10, 30 and 100% (w/w)), skin response to challenge is qualitatively and quantitatively indistinguishable from skin response to initial induction, or to skin response in a naive control, showing that no skin sensitisation were induced. Therefore, classification for skin sensitisation according to the CLP Regulation 1272/2008 is not warranted.

Supporting evidence is derived from the results presented in the review publication by Andersen, 1998. The author presented results from a guinea pig maximization and human repeated insult patch test. Both tests showed, that the tested source substance lactic acid (CAS 50-21-5) is not inducing skin sensitization.

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Skin sensitisation

Link to relevant study records

Referenceopen allclose all

Endpoint:
skin sensitisation: in vivo (non-LLNA)
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
key study
Study period:
1986-07-01 to 1986-09-16
Reliability:
1 (reliable without restriction)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
guideline study
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
EPA OPP 81-6 (Skin Sensitisation)
Deviations:
no
GLP compliance:
yes
Type of study:
Buehler test
Justification for non-LLNA method:
When the study was conducted in 1986 the Local Lymph Node Assay was not yet adopted by the OECD Guidelines.
Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Name of the test material: SY-83
- Appearance: liquid
Species:
guinea pig
Strain:
Hartley
Sex:
female
Details on test animals and environmental conditions:
Young adult, female, outbred, Hartley guinea pigs were obtained from Charles River Breeding Laboratories, Inc. Portage, MI facility). Animals were housed individually in galvanized steel, wire-bottomed cages that conformed to the size standards specified in DHEW Publication (NIH) 78.23. The cages on each rack were numbered in a standard manner and a list of random numbers was generated by computer program for the number of cage positions used on each rack. After receipt, each animal was removed from the shipping container, housed in the appropriate randomly selected cage, and assigned a sequential animal number unique within ABC. The sequential animal number was listed on a cage card affixed to the front of each animals cage.
The animals were quarantined for at least 7 days after receipt and observed daily during the quarantine period for mortality, morbidity, and abnormal signs. Animals were examined during quarantine and only those considered to be in good health were used in this study. The quarantine and study room was cleaned daily and the cages were cleaned and sanitized as specified in ABC Standard Operating Procedures. Urine and faeces fell through the wire mesh floor onto animal caging board. The cage boards were changed daily during the quarantine and study periods.
The animal room was well ventilated and air-conditioned. The temperature and humidity were monitored daily in this room during the quarantine and study periods; there were no deviations from temperature and humidity ranges of 73 ± 5 °F and 30-70 %, respectively, which were considered to have had an adverse effect on the study. The animal room was lighted from approximately 6:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. (12-hour light/dark cycle) using automatic timers. The test article applications were completed between 9:59 a.m. and 10:29 a.m. during all 3 phases of the study (range-finding, induction, and challenge).
Purina Guinea Pig Chow 5025 was fed ad libitum to all animals. Filtered tap water was provided ad libitum through an automatic watering system.
Route:
epicutaneous, occlusive
Vehicle:
water
Concentration / amount:
3, 10, 30, or 100% test article
Route:
epicutaneous, occlusive
Vehicle:
water
Concentration / amount:
3, 10, 30, or 100% test article
No. of animals per dose:
10
Details on study design:
The duration of testing was 2 days for range-finding and 35 days for the main study. Two female guinea pigs were used in preliminary range-finding trials. Ten female guinea pigs were used in each main study group (test and naive control).
Animals were randomly assigned to the study by sequential animal number. However, any animal deemed unsuitable was not used, and the next acceptable sequentially numbered animal was used. The hair on the back or left flank, (induction) and/or flank (range-finding and challenge) of each animal was closely clipped with Oster electric clippers equipped with a number 40 (surgical) blade prior to dermal application. The hair was reclipped as necessary for subsequent induction applications and for dermal evaluations.
A 0.5 milliliter sample of the test article (100 %) and 0.5 milliliter samples of 30, 10, or 3 % suspensions of the test article in deionized water were placed on separate 4 × 4 centimeter Webril patches, attached to Blenderm tape, and each of these concentrations was applied to a prepared site on a range-finding animal (2 concentrations were evaluated per animal). The 100 % test article concentration was selected for induction and challenge applications since dermal reactions were minimally irritating at this range-finding test site. After two induction applications the concentration was reduced to 30% and the test site was changed to the left flank. During the induction phase, 10 guinea pigs assigned to the test group received two 0.5 milliliter applications of the test article (100 %) and seven 0.5 milliliter applications of the test article (30 %) on 4 × 4 centimeter Webril patches attached to Blenderm tape. The 10 guinea pigs assigned to the naive control group remained untreated during the test group induction phase.
The induction applications were made 3 times each week (Monday, Wednesday, and Friday) until all 9 induction applications had been applied. Two weeks after the ninth induction application, each animal of both the test group and the naive control group received a single 0.5 milliliter challenge application of the test article (100 %) on the right flank. Webril patches (4x4 centimeter) attached to Blenderm tape were also used at the challenge.
During the range-finding, induction, and challenge phases, the Webril patches containing the test article were applied to the prepared sites and the entire trunk of each animal was wrapped with an impervious binder consisting of plastic wrap, adhesive tape, and masking tape. After a 6 hour (± 30 minutes) exposure period, the binders and patches were removed. The sites on each animal were evaluated for erythema, edema, and other lesions 24 and 48 hours (± 2 hours at each interval) after the test article applications (range-finding, each induction, and the challenge). Dermal reaction scores were assigned using the grading system presented in Table l of this report. Other dermal reactions observed were also recorded. Individual body weight values were determined for range- finding animals prior to application and prior to sacrifice. Individual body weight values were determined for test animals and naive control animals on the day of the initial induction application (day 0) and on the day of the 48-hour challenge evaluations (day 35). All animals were observed for abnormal clinical signs and mortality at least once daily during testing. All range-finding and main study animals were euthanized by asphyxiation with carbon dioxide and discarded at termination of testing.
Positive control substance(s):
yes
Remarks:
dinitrochlorobenzene (historical data)
Positive control results:
Erythema and edema according to Draize (1979) and for other dermal reactions at 24 and 48 hours following each induction and challenge application. Results are presented for testing on 3 groups of 10 guinea pigs. In the first 24 hrs of the challenge test, 8, 8 and 10 out of 10 animals showed positive sensitization reaction to the positive control (DNCB), and 48 hours after the beginning of the test, 8, 8 and 9 out of 10 animals still presented positive reaction to DNCB.
Reading:
1st reading
Hours after challenge:
24
Group:
test chemical
Dose level:
100% test material
No. with + reactions:
9
Total no. in group:
10
Clinical observations:
All effects observed were deemed irritation, not sensitization
Remarks on result:
no indication of skin sensitisation
Reading:
2nd reading
Hours after challenge:
48
Group:
test chemical
Dose level:
100% test material
No. with + reactions:
8
Total no. in group:
10
Clinical observations:
All effects observed were deemed irritation, not sensitization
Remarks on result:
no indication of skin sensitisation
Reading:
1st reading
Hours after challenge:
24
Group:
negative control
Dose level:
100% test material
No. with + reactions:
9
Total no. in group:
10
Clinical observations:
All effects observed were deemed irritation.
Remarks on result:
no indication of skin sensitisation
Reading:
2nd reading
Hours after challenge:
48
Group:
negative control
Dose level:
100% test material
No. with + reactions:
10
Total no. in group:
10
Clinical observations:
All effects observed were deemed irritation.
Remarks on result:
no indication of skin sensitisation
Reading:
1st reading
Hours after challenge:
24
Group:
positive control
Dose level:
0.5 mL of 0.1% DCNB
No. with + reactions:
28
Total no. in group:
30
Remarks on result:
positive indication of skin sensitisation
Reading:
2nd reading
Hours after challenge:
48
Group:
positive control
Dose level:
0.5 mL of 0.1% DCNB
No. with + reactions:
25
Total no. in group:
30
Remarks on result:
positive indication of skin sensitisation
Interpretation of results:
other: CLP criteria not met
Conclusions:
Based on the result the test item is not considered to be sensitising to the skin. Therefore, classification for skin sensitisation according to the CLP Regulation 1272/2008 is not warranted.
Executive summary:

This study was conducted to evaluate the contact dermal sensitization potential of L(+)-lactic acid using a method described in the EPA Guidelines, 1982 (modification of the Buehler Closed Patch Technique) as described in American Biogenics Corporation (ABC) protocol A330. No mortalities occurred and all animals gained body weight. The test article (100%) produced very slight erythema at 3 sites and very slight edema at 1 site after the 1st induction. Erythema grades increased in severity after the 2nd induction application. One site was graded as severe erythema, however, this grade was given a 4 due to pinpoint pitting of the skin and scab formation, not for redness. Due to the increase of severity of the reactions, the concentration of the test article was reduced to 30% and the induction site was changed to the left flank. Very slight erythema was noted after the 5th induction application. Grades ranging from very slight to severe erythema were noted from the 7th to the 9th induction applications. Again, the severe (grade 4) reactions were given this grade due to pinpoint pitting of the skin and the eschar formation, not for redness.

After the challenge application, the test article (100%) produced grade 4 erythema in up to 6 test animals. These gradings were very similar in character as those seen during the induction applications, that is, pinpoint pitting of the skin and eschar formation, very little redness. These reactions were considered to be irritation reactions, not sensitization reactions. Other reactions noted at challenge for the test animals were very slight to moderate erythema, and very slight to moderate edema. The test article (100%) produced grade 4 erythema in up to 8 naive control animals. These gradings were also pinpoint pitting of skin and eschar formation with very little redness. These reactions were considered to be irritation reactions, not sensitization reactions. Other reactions noted for the naive control animals were very slight to moderate erythema and very slight to moderate edema. The reactions seen in the naive control animals at the challenge application were similar to the reactions seen for the test group animals and L(+)-lactic acid was not considered to be a contact dermal sensitizer.

Endpoint:
skin sensitisation: in vivo (non-LLNA)
Type of information:
read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
Adequacy of study:
supporting study
Justification for type of information:
For details and justification of read-across please refer to the read-across report attached to IUCLID section 13.
Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
read-across source
Species:
guinea pig
Remarks on result:
no indication of skin sensitisation

Based on the results from a maximization study using guinea pigs, lactic acid at a concentration of 10% can be considered as non-sensitizer.

Interpretation of results:
other: not sensitizing
Conclusions:
Based on the results from a maximization study using guinea pigs, lactic acid at a concentration of 10% can be considered as non-sensitizer.
Executive summary:

Based on the results from a maximization study using guinea pigs, lactic acid at a concentration of 10% can be considered as non-sensitizer.

This information is used in a read-across approach in the assessment of the target substance. For details and justification of read-across please refer to the read-across report attached to IUCLID section 13.

Endpoint conclusion
Endpoint conclusion:
no adverse effect observed (not sensitising)
Additional information:

The contact dermal sensitization potential of the test article, L(+)-lactic acid, was investigated using a modified Buehler Closed Patch Test. No mortalities occurred and all animals gained body weight. The test article (100%) produced very slight erythema at 3 sites and very slight oedema at 1 site after the 1st induction. Erythema grades increased in severity after the 2nd induction application. One site was graded as severe erythema, however, this grade was given a 4 due to pinpoint pitting of the skin and scab formation, not for redness. Due to the increase of severity of the reactions, the concentration of the test article for induction was reduced to 30% and the induction site was changed to the left flank. Very slight erythema was noted after the 5th induction application. Grades ranging from very slight to severe erythema were noted from the 7th to the 9th induction applications. Again, the severe (grade 4) reactions were given this grade due to pinpoint pitting of the skin and the eschar formation, not for redness.

After the challenge application, the test article (100 %) produced grade 4 erythema in up to 6 test animals. These gradings were very similar in character as those seen during the induction applications, that is, pinpoint pitting of the skin and eschar formation, very little redness. These reactions were considered to be irritation reactions, not sensitization reactions. Other reactions noted at challenge for the test animals were very slight to moderate erythema, and very slight to moderate oedema. The test article (100 %) produced grade 4 erythema in up to 8 naive control animals. These gradings were also pinpoint pitting of skin and eschar formation with very little redness. These reactions were considered to be irritation reactions, not sensitization reactions. Other reactions noted for the naive control animals were very slight to moderate erythema and very slight to moderate oedema. The reactions seen in the naive control animals at the challenge application were similar to the reactions seen for the test group animals and the test article was not considered to be a contact dermal sensitizer.

Supporting evidence is derived from the results presented in the review publication by Andersen, 1998. The author presented results from a guinea pig maximization and human repeated insult patch test. Both tests showed, that the tested substance lactic acid (CAS 50-21-5) is not inducing skin sensitization.

Respiratory sensitisation

Endpoint conclusion
Endpoint conclusion:
no study available

Justification for classification or non-classification

Based on the available data, classification for skin sensitisation is not warranted according to CLP Regulation 1272/2008.