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Registration Dossier
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EC number: 273-749-6 | CAS number: 69012-50-6 Product of blowing smelted nickel ore in a converter to lower the iron content.
Exposure related observations in humans: other data
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- exposure-related observations in humans: other data
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Study period:
- conducted in 1995
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: see 'Remark'
- Remarks:
- Meets generally accepted scientific methods with sufficient documentation. Relevant exposure to submission substance, adequate detail on exposure and sampling methods. (A detailed description of the scoring criteria can be found in the attached document).(A detailed description of the scoring criteria can be found in the .pdf document attached to the 'Exposure Scoring Rationale Document' record at the beginning of Section 7.10.5).
Cross-referenceopen allclose all
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to other study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Characterisation of workers' exposure in a Russian nickel refinery.
- Author:
- Thomassen I, Niebor E, Ellingsen D, Hetland S, Norseth T, Odland JØ, Romanova N, Chernova V, Tchachtchine VP.
- Year:
- 1 999
- Bibliographic source:
- J Environ Monit 1: 15-22.
Materials and methods
- Type of study / information:
- Air exposure estimates by nickel species
- Endpoint addressed:
- not applicable
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- No standard method reported. Details of study provided in the following sections
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Mixed Nickel Species
- IUPAC Name:
- Mixed Nickel Species
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): Mixed Nickel Species
- Molecular formula (if other than submission substance): not different than submission substance
- Molecular weight (if other than submission substance): not different than submission substance
- Smiles notation (if other than submission substance): not different than submission substance
- InChl (if other than submission substance): not different than submission substance
- Structural formula attached as image file (if other than submission substance): not different than submission substance
- Physical state: aerosol
- Other details on test substance not reported or not applicable
Constituent 1
Method
- Ethical approval:
- not applicable
- Details on study design:
- Aerosol concentrations of Ni species were measured from the Monchegorsk refinery in Russia. At this facility, nickel-copper matte is the product of primary refining, which invloves the smelting and converting of sulfide ore. Personal air sampling (inhalable aerosols) was conducted in the roasting/anode casting and the electrowinning departments.
Urine specimens were also collected pre- and post shift. - Exposure assessment:
- measured
- Details on exposure:
- TYPE OF EXPOSURE: Air (inhalation) exposure
TYPE OF EXPOSURE MEASUREMENT: Personal air sampling and urine sampling.
Nickel speciation conducted by the consecutive leaching procedure (Zatka et al. 1992, Env. Sci. Technol., 26:138-144).
EXPOSURE LEVELS:
Department / Mean (geomean) mg Ni/m3
-Roasting / 21 (11) mg Ni/m3
-Anode casting (old) / 15 (10) mg Ni/m3
-Anode casting (new) / 2.3 (1.5) mg Ni/m3
-Electrorefining (old) / 0.27 (0.25) mg Ni/m3
-Electrorefining (new) / 0.34 (0.28) mg Ni/m3
-Rinsing (old) / 0.32 (0.17) mg Ni/m3
-Rinsing (new) / 0.28 (0.17) mg Ni/m3
EXPOSURE PERIOD: 147 (8-hour) shift samples were collected
POSTEXPOSURE PERIOD: not applicable
DESCRIPTION / DELINEATION OF EXPOSURE GROUPS / CATEGORIES: Exposure areas delineated by refinery department
Results and discussion
- Results:
- As a percentage the 'total' nickel in air had a content (as a median) of 4.4% metallic nickel, 60% soluble nickel, 3.7% sulphidic nickel, and ~17% oxidic nickel. Urine concentrations indicated significant nickel exposure. (See table below for results)
Any other information on results incl. tables
Nickel speciation and Urine Ni data by department
| Department | Soluble Ni(%) | Sulfidic Ni(%) | Metallic Ni(%) | Oxidic Ni(%) | Total Ni (mg/m3) | Urine Ni (Mean/Geomean ug/L) |
| Roasting | 2.8-22 | 4.2-48 | 4.4-13 | 36-81 | 3.1-7.9 | 121 / 87 |
| Anode casting (old) | 2.5 | 2,2 | 16 | 80 | 11 | 268 / 159 |
| Anode casting (new) | 1.5-19 | 0.1-8.1 | 19-26 | 46-80 | 0.19-7.9 | 337 / 131 |
| Electrorefining (old) | 84-99 | 1.0-1.8 | <1.1 | <0.6-15 | 0.086-0.17 | 292 / 179 |
| Electrorefining (new) | 60-87 | 6.7-19 | <2-4.4 | 6.7-17 | 0.045-0.09 | 191 / 127 |
| Rinsing (new) | 55-77 | 3.7-7.7 | 1.0-5.4 | 3.7-34 | 0.013-0.3 | 77 / 53 |
| Rinsing (old) | - | - | - | - | - | 123 / 88 |
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- As a percentage the 'total' nickel in air had a content (as a median) of 4.4% metallic nickel, 60% soluble nickel, 3.7% sulphidic nickel, and ~17% oxidic
nickel. The data collected by Thomassen et al. (1999) represent processes and industrial hygiene practices that are not common in current
European operations. - Executive summary:
STUDY RATED BY AN INDEPENDENT REVIEWER.
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