Icosan-1-ol

Short-term toxicity to fish

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Reference 1

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

1996-03-01 and 1996-03-08

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study with acceptable restrictions

Remarks:

The study was conducted according to an appropriate OECD test guideline. It was compliant with GLP, however no analytical monitoring was conducted.

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 203 (Fish, Acute Toxicity Test)

Deviations:

yes

Remarks:

the test substance was not determined in solution

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

EU Method C.1 (Acute Toxicity for Fish)

Deviations:

yes

Remarks:

the test substance was not determined in solution

GLP compliance:

yes (incl. QA statement)

Analytical monitoring:

no

Vehicle:

yes

Details on test solutions:

PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)

- Method: 40 mg of test substance was dissolved in 10 ml of vehicle with the aid of ultrasonic disruption. An aliquot (2 ml) of this stock solution was dispersed in 20 L of dechlorinated tap water to give the test concentration of 0.4 mg/L.

- Chemical name of vehicle: tetrahydrofuran

- Concentration of vehicle in test medium: 10 ml final volume in stock solution (equivalent to 0.1 ml in test medium).

Test organisms (species):

Oncorhynchus mykiss (previous name: Salmo gairdneri)

Details on test organisms:

TEST ORGANISM

- Common name: rainbow trout

- Source: Donnington Fish Farm, Upper Swell, Gloucestershire, UK


- Length at study initiation (mean and SD): 4.5 cm (s.d = 0.2) at the end of the definitive study

- Weight at study initiation (mean and SD): 1.20 g (s.d = 0.26) at the end of the definitive study

- Feeding during test: feeding was discontinued 24 h prior to test initiation and they were not fed during the test



ACCLIMATION

- Acclimation period: from 26th Feb 1996 to 4th March 1996

- Acclimation conditions: test conditions

- Type and amount of food: commercial trout pellets

- Health during acclimation (any mortality observed): 2%

Test type:

semi-static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

yes

Total exposure duration:

96 h

Post exposure observation period:

None

Hardness:

136 mg/L as CaCO3

Test temperature:

13-14 ºC

pH:

range: 7.5-7.9

Dissolved oxygen:

>= 9.7 mg/L

Salinity:

Not Applicable

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Nominal concentration: 0.4 mg/L

Details on test conditions:

TEST SYSTEM

- Test vessel:

- Type (delete if not applicable): covered to reduce evaporation

- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: 20 L glass vessels


- Renewal rate of test solution (frequency): daily

- No. of organisms per vessel: 10

- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 2

- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 1

- No. of vessels per vehicle control (replicates): 1

- Biomass loading rate: 0.6 mg body weight/L (static volume)



TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS

- Source/preparation of dilution water: dechlorinated tap water (by passage through an activated carbon filter)

- Metals: 70 ug/L or less

- Chlorine: 0.22 mg/L

- Alkalinity: 80 mg/L as CaCO3

- Ca/mg ratio: ca. 6:1

- Conductivity: 382 MICSM

- Culture medium different from test medium: same water

- Intervals of water quality measurement: 0, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h


OTHER TEST CONDITIONS

- Photoperiod: 16 h light, 8 h darkness


EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) : at 3, 6, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h fish were monitored for mortality and adverse effects (mortality and behaviour).


TEST CONCENTRATIONS

- Spacing factor for test concentrations: 1 test concentrations used

- Justification for using less concentrations than requested by guideline: limit test

- Range finding study

- Test concentrations: 0.04 and 0.4 mg/L

- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: LC50 >0.4 mg/L

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

>= 0.4 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Remarks on result:

other: non-toxic at the limit of solubility

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

> 0.4 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Remarks on result:

other: non-toxic at the limit of solubility

Details on results:

- Behavioural abnormalities: none observed in any treatment

- Mortality of control: 0%

- Effect concentrations exceeding solubility of substance in test medium: The solubility of octadecanol is 0.0011 mg/L at 25oC [SIDS dossier on 1-octadecanol, 1993b; Budavari, 1996]

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Conclusions:

A 96 h LC50 value of >0.4 mg/L was determined for the effect of the test substance on mortality of the fish O. mykiss. The water solubility of octadecanol is 0.0011 mg/L at 25oC [SIDS dossier on 1-octadecanol, 1993b; Budavari, 1996], therefore the LC50 value is >0.0011 mg/L, The water solubility of octadecanol is 0.0011 mg/L at 25oC [SIDS dossier on 1-octadecanol, 1993b; Budavari, 1996], therefore the LC50 value is >0.0011 mg/L (>LoS), i.e. the test substance was not toxic at the LoS.

Reference 2

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

2000-05-08 to 2000-05-12

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study with acceptable restrictions

Remarks:

The study was conducted according to the appropriate OECD guideline and was compliant with GLP. No analytical monitoring was carried out.

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 203 (Fish, Acute Toxicity Test)

Deviations:

yes

Remarks:

to allow for testing with filtered WAFs; the test substance was not quantified in the test medium

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

EU Method C.1 (Acute Toxicity for Fish)

Deviations:

not specified

GLP compliance:

yes (incl. QA statement)

Analytical monitoring:

no

Vehicle:

no

Details on test solutions:

PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)

- Method: 20 g of test substance was added directly to 2 litres of dechlorinated tap water with the aid of high shear mixing at approximately 7500 rpm or 10 minutes. This mixture was then added to a final volume of 20 litres of dechlorinated tap water and stirred by magnetic stirrer (vortex depth set at 25% of the water column height) for 23 hours. The mixture was then allowed to stand for 1 hour and then filtered through 0.2 pm filters to give the 1000 mg/L loading rate filtered WAF.

- Controls: dilution water

- Evidence of undissolved material (e.g. precipitate, surface film, etc): As the test medium was observed to be a cloudy white dispersion during mixing, at the end of mixing and after the 1 hour settling period, it was considered appropriate to filter the mixture to remove any undissolved test material, thus preventing any physical effects on the test fish and ensuring exposure to the bioavailable fraction only. lt was considered that careful siphoning
would not have removed the undissolved test material from the aqueous phase.

Test organisms (species):

Oncorhynchus mykiss (previous name: Salmo gairdneri)

Details on test organisms:

TEST ORGANISM

- Common name: rainbow trout

- Source: Brow Well Fisheries, Hebden, Nr. Skipton, Yorkshire, UK

- Length at study initiation (mean, SD): 4.5 cm (s.d=0.3), end of test value

- Weight at study initiation (mean, SD): 0.89 g (s.d=0.2), end of test value

- Feeding during test: no


ACCLIMATION

- Acclimation period: 2 weeks

- Acclimation conditions (same as test or not): same as test

- Type and amount of food: commercial trout pellets

- Health during acclimation (any mortality observed): 1% during 7 days prior to the test initiation

Test type:

semi-static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

yes

Total exposure duration:

96 h

Hardness:

ca. 100 mg/L as CaCO3

Test temperature:

14 degC

pH:

range: 7.9-8.1

Dissolved oxygen:

range: 9.4 - 9.9 mg O2/L

Salinity:

Not Applicable

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Nominal Loading rate: 1000 mg/L

Details on test conditions:

TEST SYSTEM

- Test vessel:

- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: 20 L glass fibre tank

- Aeration: yes, via narrow bone glass tubes

- Renewal rate of test solution (frequency): daily

- No. of organisms per vessel: 7

- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 2

- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 2

- Biomass loading rate: 0.31 g bodyweight/L based on weight at the end of the test


TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS

- Source/preparation of dilution water: dechlorinated tap laboratory water

- Metals: maximum value 40 ug/L (zinc)

- Chlorine: max 0.32 mg/L total chlorine

- Alkalinity: 92 mg/L

- Ca/mg ratio: 7:1

- Conductivity: 416 uS/cm

- Intervals of water quality measurement: daily


OTHER TEST CONDITIONS

- Photoperiod: 16 h light and 8 h dark with a 20 min dawn and dusk transition period.



EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) : Mortalities and adverse reactions were recorded at 3, 6, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours


TEST CONCENTRATIONS

- Spacing factor for test concentrations: limit test

- Range finding study

- Test concentrations: 0, 10, 100 and 1000 mg/L

- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: 0% mortality at 1000 mg/L

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LL50

Effect conc.:

> 1 000 other: mg/L as WAFs (water accommodated fractions)

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

other: loading rate

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Details on results:

- Behavioural abnormalities: none observed

- Mortality of control: 0%

- Effect concentrations exceeding solubility of substance in test medium: the test was conducted at concentrations above the limit of solubility of the test substance. The exposures were conducted via a loading rate of WAFs.

Reported statistics and error estimates:

No statistical analysis was carried out as no mortalities was observed.

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Conclusions:

A 96 h LL50 value of >1000 mg/L loading rate (filtered WAFs) was determined for the effects of the test substance on mortality of the freshwater fish O. mykiss. This value is much higher than the limit of solubility of the test substance, therefore the result should be treated with caution and the LL50 is >LoS (limit of solubility).

Reference 3

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to fish

Type of information:

read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)

Adequacy of study:

weight of evidence

Justification for type of information:

The linear structures of docosan-1-ol (CAS 661-19-8) and icosan-1-ol (CAS 629-96-9) are very closely related and differ in carbon chain length number, C22 for docosan-1-ol and C20 for icosan-1-ol.
Their physicochemical, toxicological and ecotoxicological properties and behaviour do not differ significantly between them, therefore direct read-across from docosan-1-ol to tetracosan-1-ol is scientifically justified.

1. HYPOTHESIS FOR THE CATEGORY APPROACH
The hypothesis is that the category members have similar structures and short-term toxicity to fish effects which vary in strength across the category, forming a regular pattern (Scenario 4 in the RAAF). This pattern shows an increase in short-term fish toxicity up to Carbon Chain Length C14. Above C14 the category members have similar structures and properties and an absence of short-term fish toxicity effects, which are consistent across the category above this carbon chain length. This is in accordance with Scenario 6 in the RAAF. The consistency of these properties across the category is discussed in the endpoint summary.

2. SOURCE AND TARGET CHEMICAL(S) (INCLUDING INFORMATION ON PURITY AND IMPURITIES)
Please refer to the test material identity information within each endpoint study record.

The long chain linear aliphatic alcohol Category has at its centre an homologous series of increasing carbon chain length alcohols. The category members are structurally very similar. They are all primary aliphatic alcohols with no other functional groups. The category members are linear or contain a single short-chain side-branch at the 2-position in the alkyl chain, which does not significantly affect the properties (‘essentially linear’). The category members have saturated alkyl chains or contain a small proportion of naturally-occurring unsaturation(s) which does not significantly affect the properties. The branched and unsaturated structures are considered to have such similar properties that their inclusion in the category is well justified.
Impurities: Linear and/or ‘essentially linear’ long chain aliphatic alcohols of other chain lengths may be present. These are not expected to contribute significantly to the properties in respect of this endpoint due to consistent properties (see point 3).
There are no impurities present at or above 1% which are not category members or which would affect the properties of the substance.

3. CATEGORY JUSTIFICATION
The category members are structurally very similar (see point 2) and are biochemically very similar. The metabolic synthesis and degradation pathways are well established. This Category is associated with a consistency and predictability in the physicochemical, environmental, and toxicological property data across its members.

The consistency of observations in this property across the range of chain lengths covered by this Category is described in the Endpoint Summary and in the Category Report attached in Section 13.

In this registration, the information requirement is interpolated based on read-across from members of the category with similar chain length, above carbon chain length C14, providing evidence of consistency in behaviour irrespective of variation in physico-chemical properties of specific category member substances.

4. DATA MATRIX
A data matrix for the C6-24 alcohols Category is attached in Section 13.

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

read-across source

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

read-across source

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

> 0.4 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Remarks on result:

other: non-toxic at the limit of solubility

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LL50

Effect conc.:

> 1 000 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Remarks:

WAF

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Remarks on result:

other: non-toxic at the limit of solubility

Description of key information

Short-term toxicity to fish: LC₅₀ 96 h >0.042 mg/L (non-toxic at the limit of solubilty) for the effects of the structural analogue octadecan-1-ol on mortality of Salmo gairdneri (new name: Oncorhynchus mykiss), in accordance with guideline OECD 203, and LL₅₀ 96 h >1000 mg/L (WAF) (non-toxic at the limit of solubilty) for the effects of the structural analogue docosan-1-ol on mortality of Oncorhynchus mykiss, in accordance with guideline OECD 203.

Additional information

No experimental data are available for icosan-1-ol (CAS 629-96-9). Study reports are available with the closely related substances octadecan-1-ol (CAS 112-92-5) and docosan-1-ol (CAS 661-19-8). These substances are linear fatty alcohols and the physicochemical, toxicological and ecotoxicological properties and behaviour do not differ significantly. It is therefore possible to validly read-across between the two substances.

 

Both the studies with octadecan-1-ol and docosan-1-ol conclude that the substances are not toxic with regards to short term toxicity to fish at their limit of solubility. Since icosan-1-ol has a chain length of C20, between that of octadecan-1-ol - C18, and docosan-1-ol - C22, it is possible to conclude that icosan-1-ol would not be toxic at the limit of solubility.

A QSAR predicted value supports the conclusion that C20 would not be toxic at the limit of solubility.

 

The relevant short-term values determined in these tests are:

96 h LC₅₀ Salmo gairdneri (new name: Oncorhynchus mykiss) = >0.4 mg/l (Reliability 2) [Safepharm, 1996], read across from octadecan-1-ol (CAS 112-92-5, C18).

96 h LL₅₀ Oncorhynchus mykiss = >1000 mg/l (WAF) (Reliability 2) [Safepharm, 2000], read across from docosan-1-ol (CAS 661-19-8, C22).

96-h LC₅₀ fish taxonomic group = >100 mg/l (QSAR, reliability 2) [Fisk PA, 2009].

 

These results signify that the test substance is not expected to be toxic at the limit of solubility, i.e. the LC₅₀ is >0.001 mg/l.   

Discussion of trends in the Category of C6-24 linear and essentially-linear aliphatic alcohols:

Linear LCAAs

The data summarised in the table below show that the toxicity of the single carbon number chain length LCAAs increases from an LC₅₀ of 97 mg/L for C6 to 1.0 mg/L for C12. At higher carbon number chain lengths there is an absence of short-term toxicity (LC₅₀ values are reported as being greater than the highest test concentration or higher than the water solubility of the test substance) and this is explained by the water solubility of an LCAA limiting its bioavailability, such that a toxic concentration for short-term exposure is not achieved.

The results of a 7-day, semi-static toxicity test with 1-octanol using Pimephales promelas larvae aged 1, 4 and 7 days at the start of the study have also been reported by (Pickering et al., 1996) but are not included in the table. NOECs based on nominal concentrations were 1.5-11.9 mg/L for survival. Measured concentrations in the test were reduced to non-detectable levels in most test vessels in the old media. The poor maintenance of exposure concentrations means that the reported NOEC values are almost certainly underestimates of the true toxicity of the substance. The results of this test are also discussed later with respect to long-term toxicity.

The lowest reliable LC₅₀ values determined in tests with single carbon chain length LCAAs are shown in the following table. 

Table: Key fish short-term toxicity studies on single carbon chain length linear LCAAs.

CAS	Chemical Name	Comments	Water solubility (mg/L)	Species	Method/ Guideline	Exposure regime	Endpoint	Value (mg/L)^1,2	Reliability code	Reference
111-27-3	1-Hexanol		5900 at 20°C	Pimephales promelas	US EPA 1975	Flow-through	96 h LC50	97 (m)	2	Veith, Call and Brooke, 1983a,b
111-70-6	1-Heptanol	Supporting	1300 at 20°C	Pimephales promelas	ASTM 1980	Flow-through	96 h LC50	38 (m)	2	Broderius and Kahl, 1985
111-87-5	1-Octanol		550 at 25°C	Pimephales promelas	ASTM 1980	Flow-through	96 h LC50	13 (m)	2	Veith, Call and Brooke, 1983a,b; University of Wisconsin-Superior., 1984; Broderius and Kahl, 1985
143-08-8	1-Nonanol		130 at 20 °C	Pimephales promelas	ASTM 1980	Flow-through	96 h LC50	5.5 (m)	2	Broderius and Kahl, 1985
112-30-1	1-Decanol		40	Pimephales promelas (embryo)	OECD TG 236	Flow-through	120 h LC50	3.4 (m)	1	Wildlife International, 2015b
112-30-1	1-Decanol		40	Pimephales promelas	US EPA 1975	Flow-through	96 h LC50	2.3 (m)	2	Veith, Call and Brooke, 1983a,b; Brooke et al., 1984
112-42-5	1-Undecanol		8.0 at 20°C	Pimephales promelas	US EPA 1975	Flow-through	96 h LC50	1.0 (m)	2	Veith, Call and Brooke, 1983a,b
112-53-8	1-Dodecanol		1.9 at 20°C	Pimephales promelas	US EPA 1975	Flow-through	96 h LC50	1.0 (m)	2	Veith, Call and Brooke, 1983a,b
112-70-9	1-Tridecanol	Supporting	0.38 at 20°C	Pimephales promelas	US EPA 1975	Flow-through	96 h LC50	>0.33 (m)	2	Veith, Call and Brooke, 1983a,b
112-72-1	1-Tetradecanol		0.19 at 25°C	Salmo gairdneri i^3	OECD 203	Semi-static	96 h LC50	>1 (n) (>LoS)	2	SafePharm, 1996b
36653-82-4	1-Hexadecanol		0.013 at 25°C	Salmo gairdneri^3	OECD 203	Semi-static	96 h LC50	>0.4 (n) (>LoS)	2	SafePharm, 1996c
112-92-5	1-Octadecanol		0.0011 at 25°C	Salmo gairdneri^3	OECD 203	Semi-static	96 h LC50	>0.4 (n) (>LoS)	2	SafePharm, 1996d
661-19-8	1-Docosanol		approx. 0.001 (estimate)	Oncorhynchus mykiss	OECD 203	Semi-static	96 h LC50	>1000 (n) (>LoS)	2	SafePharm, 2000

Notes:

1 >LoS: concentration/Loading rate greater than the limit of water solubility

2 (n) based on nominal concentrations, (m) based on measured concentrations.

3 Now known as Oncorhynchus mykiss. The names used in the study reports are given here.

Multi-constituent LCAAs

The data for multi-constituent substances of different carbon chain length LCAAs (commercial products) are shown in the table below. The results show that substances containing LCAAs with carbon numbers in the ranges of C8-10 and C6-12 exert short-term toxic effects at concentrations of between 0.7 and 10 mg/L. At these concentrations, all the constituents are likely to have been fully dissolved.

In contrast, multi-constituent substances - Alcohols, C12-13; Alcohols, C12-13-branched and linear and Alcohols, C12-15-branched and linear - exhibited effects at loading rates where not all constituents were fully dissolved. Under such circumstances the presence of retained undissolved test material, such as occurred in the Shell Toxicology Laboratory (1978a) test, opens up the possibility for physical fouling of the test organism and this needs to be kept in mind when interpreting the result. The multi-constituent substances containing LCAAs with carbon chain length C12 and above did not exhibit short-term toxicity effects at loading rates where the solubility of the constituent LCAAs was exceeded.

The data for nonanol, branched and linear, decanol branched and linear, decanol branched and undecanol branched alcohols, have been read-across from their linear alcohols counterparts (C9, C10 and C11) since they are essentially linear alcohols.

Alcohols, C14-15 ecotoxicity assessment is based on weight of evidence from two studies; Shell Internationale Chemie (1973) and Shell Toxicology Lab (1978a). Both studies report the LC₅₀ to be above the limit of solubility. The Shell Internationale Chemie (1973) study tested the toxicity of the substance via the WAF preparation method (the preferred method of testing with poorly soluble mixtures) however it does not report complete information on the study methods and conditions. The Shell Toxicology Lab (1978a) did not utilise WAF methods but it is reported more comprehensively.

The results for both single carbon number LCAAs and the multi-constituent substances indicate that, for fish, there is a short-term toxicity cut-off for LCAAs with carbon numbers >C14.

 

The lowest reliable LC₅₀ values determined in tests with multiconstituent carbon chain length LCAAs are shown in the following table.

Table: Fish short-term toxicity studies on mixed carbon chain length LCAAs.

CAS #	Chemical name	Comments^1	Water solubility (mg/L)	Species	Method/ Guideline^2	Exposure regime	Endpoint	Value (mg/L)^3	Reliability code	Reference
n/a	Alcohols, C7-9		510 at a loading rate of 1000 mg/L (estimated)	I. idus^4	Not specified	Static	96 h LC50	0.7-0.8 (n)	2	Shell, 1978
67762-41-8	Alcohols, C8-10	Type C SUPPORTING	2.4 at 25°C	Salmo gairdneri^4 and Lepomis macrochirus	EPA 1975	Static	96 h LC50	6.5-10 (n)	2	EG&G Bionomics, 1975
n/a	Alcohols, C9-11- branched and linear	Also valid for Alcohols, C9-11 CAS 66455-17-2	44 at a loading rate of 1000 mg/L. (estimated)	S. gairdneri^4	Not specified	Static	96 h LC50	6.3-10 (n)	2	Shell Toxicology Laboratory, 1979
n/a	Alcohols, C9-11- branched and linear	Also valid for Alcohols, C9-11 CAS 66455-17-2	44 at a loading rate of 1000 mg/L. (estimated)	Scopthalmus maximus (marine species)	Not specified	Semi-static	96 h LC50	5.8 (n)	2	Huntingdon Life Sciences Ltd., 1991d
68515-81-1	Nonanol, branched and linear		121 (estimated)	Pimephales promelas	ASTM 1980	Flow-through	96 h LC50	5.5 (m)   (r-a from C9)	2	Broderius and Kahl, 1985
90342-32-8	Decanol, branched and linear		26.17 at 20°C	P. promelas	US EPA 1975	Flow-through	96 h LC50	2.3 (m)   (r-a from C10)	2	Veith, Call and Brooke, 1983a,b; University of Wisconsin-Superior, 1984
128973-77-3	Undecanol, branched and linear. Reaction mass of 2-methyldecan-1-ol and 2-propyloctan-1-ol and 2-ethylnonan-1-ol and 2-butylheptan-1-ol		6.3 at 25°C	P. promelas	US EPA 1975	Flow-through	96 h LC50	1.0 (m) (r-a from C11)	2	Veith, Call and Brooke, 1983a,b
75782-87-5	Alcohols, C12-13		2.4 at 25^oC	S. gairdneri^4	Not specified	Static	96 h LC50	4.0-10 (>LoS)	2	Shell Toxicology Laboratory, 1978a
75782-87-5	Alcohols, C12-13		2.4 at 25^oC	S. maximus (marine species)	Not specified	Semi-static	96 h LC50	10 (n) (>LoS)	2	Huntingdon Life Sciences Ltd., 1991c
740817-83-8	Alcohols, C12-13-branched and linear		2.9-3.1 at 20°C	Brachydanio rerio	OECD 203 WAF	Semi-static	96-hr LL50	15 (n) (>LoS)	1	TNO, 2000a
90604-40-3	Alcohols, C12-15-branched and linear		0.80 at 20°C	Oncorhynchus mykiss	OECD 203 WAF	Semi-Static	96 h LL50	100-300 (n) (>LoS)	1	Shell Global Solutions, 2000
68855-56-1	Alcohols, C 12-16	Type B SUPPORTING	0.80 at 20°C	O. mykiss	Not specified	Static	96 h LC50	57 (n) (>LoS)	2	Huntingdon Life Sciences 1996i
80206-82-2	Alcohols, C 12-14	not possible to determine compositional type SUPPORTING	approx. 4 predicted at 1000 mg/L loading rate	L. idus	OECD 203	Static	48 h LC50	>5000 (n) (>LoS)	2	Henkel, 1999m
75782-87-5	Alcohols, C14-15		0.7 at 20°C and 0.15 at a loading rate of 1000 mg/L. (estimated)	S. gairdneri4	Not specified	Static	96 h LL50	>500 (n) (>LoS)	2	Shell Toxicology Lab 1978b
75782-87-5	Alcohols, C14-15		0.7 at 20°C and 0.15 at a loading rate of 1000 mg/L. (estimated)	Carassius auratus	Not specified	Static	96 h LL50	>0.7 (n) (>LoS)	2	Shell Internationale Chemie, 1973
68002-94-8	Alcohols, C 16-18 and 18 Unsaturated	SUPPORTING	0.0404 predicted at 1000 mg/L loading rate	L. idus	OECD 203	Static	48 h LC50	>10000 (>LoS)	2	Henkel, 1999o

Notes:

1 Compositional Types are described in section 1.4.7 of the category report.

2 WAF denotes test medium was a water-accommodated fraction      

3 >LoS: LC₅₀ observed was greater than the limit of solubility of at least some constituents of the substance. (n) based on nominal concentrations, (m) based on measured concentrations.

4 Now known as Oncorhynchus mykiss. The names used in the study reports are given here.

 

References:

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E.G.& G. Bionomics, 1975. Acute toxicity of two Conoco compounds to bluegill (lepomis macrochirus) and rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). Bioassay report submitted to Conoco Chemicals, Ponca City, Oklahoma.

Henkel KGaA, 1999m. Biological research and Product Safety/Ecology: Unpublished results; test substance registration No. 6801.

Henkel KGaA, 1999o. Biological Research and Product safety/Ecology: unpublished results, test substance registration no. 6802.

Huntingdon Life Sciences Ltd. (HLS), 1991d. Report No. SLL 207(d)/911034.

Huntingdon Life Sciences Ltd. (HLS), 1991c. Report No. SLL 207(c)/911033.

Huntingdon Life Sciences Ltd. (HLS), 1996i. Report No. 96/KAS231/0417.

SafePharm Laboratories, 1996b. SafePharm Laboratories SPL Project Number 140/599.

SafePharm Laboratories, 1996c. SafePharm Laboratories SPL Project Number 140/500.

SafePharm Laboratories, 1996d. SafePharm Laboratories SPL Project Number 140/506.

SafePharm Laboratories, 2000. SafePharm Laboratories SPL Project Number 140/1001.

Shell, 1978. The acute toxicity of Linevol 79 to the golden orfe (idus idus melanotus), Shell Group Research Report, TLGR.0024.78.

Shell Global Solutions, 2000. Shell Global Solutions Report CT.99.47088.

Shell Internationale Chemie, 1973. Determination of acute toxicity to fish of Shell chemicals. I. AMGR.0095.73. Shell Toxicology Laboratory, 1978a. GRR-TLGR.0161.78.

Shell Toxicology Laboratory, 1978b. GRR-TLGR.0162.78.

Shell Toxicology Laboratory, 1979. GRR-TLGR.0166.78.

TNO Nutrition and Food Research Institute, 2000a. Semi-static acute toxicity test with Compound 33A and the zebra fish Brachydanio rerio. TNO report V98.1319. University of Wisconsin-Superior, 1984. Acute Toxicities of Organic Chemicals to Fathead Minnows (Pimephales promelas). Center for Lake Superior Environmental Studies, University of Wisconsin-Superior.

Veith, G.D., Call, D.J., and Brooke, L.T., 1983a. Estimating the acute toxicity of narcotic chemicals to fathead minnows. In: Bishop, W.E., Cardwell, R.D., and Heidolph, B.B. (eds.). Aquatic Toxicology and Hazard Assessment: Sixth Symposium. ASTM STP 802. American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia.

Veith, G.D., Call, D.J., and Brooke, L.T., 1983b. Structure-toxicity relationships for the fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas: Narcotic industrial chemicals. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 40:743-748.

Wildlife International, 2015b. Decanol: A static-renewal fish embryo acute toxicity (FET) test with the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) Draft Report; Wildlife International Project Number: 774A-101; OECD Guideline 236.